• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.217-222
• /
• 2010

Resveratrol is a natural polyphenolic compound frequently found in grapes. The biological actions of resveratrol have been extensively investigated both in vitro and in vivo. The interactions of resveratrol with commonly-consumed drugs, however, have rarely been studied. In this study, the cytotoxic properties of resveratrol on the hepatic and intestinal cells in the presence of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, including acetaminophen (AAP), aspirin (Asp), and ibuprofen (Ibu), were evaluated. The cytotoxic effects of resveratrol on hepatic HepG2 and colonic HCT 116 cells were not markdely changed in the presence of AAP, Asp, or Ibu. Conversely, the cytotoxicity of OTC drugs was not affected by resveratrol either. Concentrations of resveratrol below 10 mM significantly increased HepG2 cell growth after 48 or 72 hr incubation; however, the growth-stimulating effect was not observed in the presence of AAP. When HCT 116 cells were treated with OTC drugs before or after resveratrol, the cytotoxic effects were not significantly altered. The present study provides basic information for the potential health effects of the interactions between resveratrol and commonly-consumed OTC drugs.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2014

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the anti-tumor metastasis by anti-inflammatory and innate immunomodulating effects of extracts of Jipae-san on cancer cells. Methods: Antimetastatic experiments were conducted in vivo mouse model by using 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma cells. Cell viability of Jipae-san was tested with 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma cells, colon 26-M3.1 carcinoma cells and macrophage. In addition expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and NO induced by LPS was measured after treating with Jipae-san. To observe innate immunomodulating effects of Jipae-san on macrophage, we measured $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-12, IL-6 and MCP-1, respectively. Cell cytotoxicity was tested with the macrophage stimulated with Jipae-san and we evaluated the activation of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and NO. And the effect of Jipae-san on metastasis was measured without NK-cell using GM1 serum. Results: Intravenous inoculation of Jipae-san significantly inhibited metastasis of 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma cells. In an in vitro cytotoxicity analysis, cell growth are closer to 100% less than $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. The expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and NO induced by LPS after treating Jipae-san was down regulated in dose-dependent manner. Level of cytokines such as $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-12, IL-6 and MCP-1 of Jipae-san group were up regulated in compared to the control group. The macrophage stimulated with Jipae-san significantly inhibits the cancer cell at ratio of 10:1, 20:1. The activation of NO was significantly up regualted in a group of 5:1, 10:1, 20:1. The depletion of NK-cells by anti-asialo GM1 serum partly abolished the inhibitory effect of Jipae-san on tumor metastasis. Conclusions: Jipae-san appears to have considerable activity on the anti-metastasis by inflammation control and activation of innate immune system.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.10 no.9
• /
• pp.309-317
• /
• 2010

The stainless steel wire is extensively used for the orthodontic treatment. But, the stainless steel wire that has commonly superior corrosion resistance has caused hypersensitive reaction or allergy as side effects because of corrosion in the oral environment. For improving the problem of corrosion, we was evaluated the suitability of the duplex stainless steel(DSS) as orthodontic wire through this study. The DSS wire was evaluated the mechanical strength and bio-stability for suitability and bio-compatibility as orthodontic wire. In this work, the DSS and stainless steel(SS) as common use of medical grade were prepared for the tensile strength test. The DSS wire were treated by heat. and Temperature conditions of the heat treatment were $28^{\circ}C$, $500^{\circ}C$, $600^{\circ}C$, $700^{\circ}C$, $800^{\circ}C$, $900^{\circ}C$, respectively. And the DSS wires that treated by heat on the optimum temperature condition were conducted the bending moment test and calculated the S-Max value and the modulus of elasticity. For evaluating the bio stability, each materials were conducted in vitro test for measuring the cell survival rate. The most interesting results was that the tensile strength test of SS wire($8.17\times10^4\;N/mm^2$) and DSS wire($8.05\times10^4\;N/mm^2$) that treated at $500^{\circ}C$ by heat were similar in mechanical strength. In the bio-stability study, the DSS has no cytotoxicity (p=0.05) Thus, we could make a conclusion that the duplex stainless steel wire has vastly superior corrosion resistance was suitable as orthodontic wire.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.8
• /
• pp.3757-3761
• /
• 2012

Objective: Crocin has been proposed as a promising candidate for cancer chemoprevention. The purpose of this investigation was to investigate the chemopreventive action and the possible mechanisms of crocin against human colon cancer cells in vitro. Methods: Cell proliferation was examined using MTT assay and the cell cycle distribution fractions were analyzed using fow cytometric analysis after propidium iodide staining. Apoptosis was detected using theTUNEL Apoptosis Detection Kit with laser scanning confocal microscope. DNA damage was assessed using the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis assay, while expression levels of p53, cdk2, cyclinA and P21 were examined by Western blot analysis. Results: Treatment of SW480 cells with crocetin (0.2, 0.4, 0.8 mmol/L) for 48 h signifcantly inhibited their proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Crocetin (0.8 mmol/L) signifcantly induced cell cycle arrest through p53-independent mechanisms accompanied by P21 induction. Crocetin (0.8 mmol/L) caused cytotoxicity in the SW480 cells by enhancing apoptosis and decreasing DNA repair capacity in a time-dependent manner. Conclusions: This report provides evidence that crocetin is a potential anticancer agent, which may be used as a chemotherapeutic drug.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.sup3
• /
• pp.131-134
• /
• 2016

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and also the second leading cause of cancer death among women and also in women that have a high mortality. Previous studies showed that magnesium (Mg) has cytotoxic effects on malignant cell lines. However, the anti-cancer effects of Mg on MCF-7 breast cancer cells are uncertain. This study was aimed at the comparison of the cytotoxic effect of Mg salt (MgCl2) and cisplatin on MCF-7 cells and fibroblasts (as normal cells). After treatment with various concentrations of MgCl2, and cisplatin as a positive control for 24 and 48 hours (h), cytotoxicity activity was measured by MTT assay. In addition, apoptosis was determined by annexin V/propidium iide assay. Both cisplatin and the MgCl2 exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxic effects in the MCF-7 cell line, although the LD50 of the Mg was significantly higher when compared to cispaltin ($40{\mu}g/ml$ vs. $20{\mu}g/ml$). Regarding annexin V/propidium results, treatment of MCF-7 cells with LD50 concentrations of cisplatin and Mg showed 59% and 44% apoptosis at 24h, respectively. Finally, the results indicated that Mg has cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 cells, but less than cisplatin as a conventional chemotherapeutic agent. However, regarding the side effects of chemotherapy drugs, it seems that Mg can be considered as a supplement for the treatment of breast cancer.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.525-533
• /
• 1997

Background : No ideal combination chemotherapy for lung cancer has been established even though lots of combination anticancer chemotherapies have been tried. For the combination of anticancer drugs, the interaction of anticancer drugs is very important but unpredictable factor. In this experiment, we designed and tested new experiment to measure the interaction of two anticancer drugs using MIT assay in an attempt to predict clinical response of the combination regimen. Methods : With human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (PC-14), the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin, adriamycin, mitomycin C and etoposide were measured by in vitro chemosensitivity test (MIT assay). The combined cytotoxic effects of combination of two drugs were also measured in every combination of the drug concentrations and analyzed the interaction by Anava analysis of two way factorial design. Results : Four individual drugs showed cytotoxic effects on PC-14 by dose dependent fashion. Comparison of two drug combinations revealed that mitomycin C + cisplatin and adriamycin + cisplatin combinations showed stronger synergistic cytotoxic effects. Conclusion : From this experiment, we suggest two combinations of mitomycin C + cisplatin and adriamycin + cisplatin as chemotherapeutic regimens for unresectable non-small cell lung cancer. Furthermore, this experimental design could be applied to other types of cancer requiring combination anticancer chemotherapy.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.79-87
• /
• 2010

Ultraviolet is the one of the main environmental factors promoting aging process via increased intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased expression of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and molecules. Therefore, in this study, we tried to search for natural skin-protective antioxidant materials from marine origins (Porphyra Thalli, Laminariae japonicae thallus, Ostreae Concha, Sargassum Thallus, Undaria thallus, Haliotidis Concha, Codium thalli, Syngnathoides biaculeatus, Hippocampus, Stichopus Stichopus, Thalli, Hizikia fusiforme thalli) which exhibit free radical scavenging activity and protect against UVB-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative cell death. Free radical scavenging activity was shown in order of Undaria thallus. Sargassum Thallus, Laminariae japonicae thallus, Hippocampus, Haliotidis Concha, Ostreae Concha, Syngnathoides biacuJeatus. In another experiment, UVB-induced cytotoxicity and cell death were effectively suppressed by treatment of Sargassum Thallus, Haliotidis Concha, Codium thalli, or Hippocampus water extract. Furthermore, UVB-induced cell death was mediated by intracellular accumulation or ROS, which was significantly inhibited by treatment with aforementioned extracts. The protective effect of these marine natural products seemed to be mediated by increased expression of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and heme oxygenase-1. These results suggest that Sargassum Thallus, Haliotidis Concha, Codium thalli, and Hippocampus may have preventive and protective potentials as new functional cosmetics against oxidative stress-mediated skin damages and aging with antioxidant properties.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.49 no.6
• /
• pp.691-702
• /
• 2000

Background : Acute lung injury (ALI) is a commonly encountered respiratory disease and its prognosis is poor when the treatment is not provided promptly and properly. However no specific pharmacologic treatment is currently available for ALI, although recently several supportive drugs have been under scrutiny. We studied anti-inflammatory effects of pentoxifylline (PF), a methylated xanthine, and ONO-5046, a synthetic neutrophil elastase inhibitor on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in vitro. Methods : To establish an in vitro model of LPS-induced ALI, primary rat alveolar macrophages and peripheral neutrophils in various ratios (1:0, 5:1, 1:1, 1:5, 0:1) were co-cultured with transformed rat alveolar epithelial cells (L2 cell line) or vascular endothelial cells (IP2-E4 cell line) under LPS stimulation. Each experiment was divided into five groups-control, LPS, LPS+PF, LPS+ONO, and LPS+PF+ONO. We compared LPS-induced superoxide anion productions from primary rat alveolar macrophages and peripheral neutrophils in various ratios, and the resultant cytotoxicity on L2 cells or IP2-E4 cells between groups. In addition we also compared the productions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$ interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, monocyte chemotactic protein(MCP)-1, IL-6, and IL-10 as well as mRNA expressions of TNF-$\alpha$ inducible nitric oxide synthetase(iNOS), and MCP-1 from LPS-stimulated primary rat alveolar macrophages between groups. Results : (1) PF and ONO-5046 in each or both showed a trend to suppress LPS-induced superoxide anion productions from primary rat alveolar macrophages and peripheral neutrophils regardless of their ratio, except for the LPS+PF+ONO group with the 1:5 ratio, although statistical significance was limited to a few selected experimental conditions. (2) PF and ONO-5046 in each or both showed a trend to prevent IP2-E4 cells from LPS-induced cytotoxicity by primary rat alveolar macrophages and peripheral neutrophils regardless their ratio, although statistical significance was limited to a few selected experimental conditions. the effects of PF and/or ONO-5046 on LPS-induced L2 cell cytotoxicity varied according to experimental conditions. (3) PF showed a trend to inhibit LPS-induced productions of INF-$\alpha$ MCP-1, and IL-10 from primary rat alveolar macrophages. ONO-5046 alone didnot affect the LPS-induced productions of proinflammatory cytokines from primary rat alveolar macrophages but the combination of PF and ONO-5046 showed a trend to suppress LPS-induced productions of INF-$\alpha$ and IL-10 PF and ONO-5046 in each or both showed a trend to increase LPS-induced IL-$\beta$ and IL-6 productions from primary rat alveolar macrophages. (4) PF and ONO-5046 in each or both showed a trend to attenuate LPS-induced mRNA expressions of TNF-$\alpha$ and MCP-1 from primary rat alveolar macrophages but at the same time showed a trend increase iNOS mRNA expression. Conclusion : These results suggest that PF and ONO-5046 may play a role in attenuating inflammation in LPS-induced ALI and that further study is needed to use these drugs as a new supportive therapeutic strategy for ALI.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.331-336
• /
• 1995

A composite material was produced as an artificial bone substitute which is gradually degrAded and replaced by the regenerated natural bones after implantation. To detect the effect of the material on the cell's activity, the composite specimens were placed in MEMs and incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for one week. Human uterus cervical cancer origin HeLa 3 cells and mouse subcutaneous origin L929 cells were cul- tured in the specimen dissolved MEMs for 5 days to investigate cytotoxicity via cell growth rates. ${Na_2}^{51}CrO_4$ solution was added to the media, to label the HeLa 53 cells, and the released amount of $^{51}Cr$ was measured by a $\gamma$-counter. On the cell growth investigation, no significant cytotoxic phenomena were revealed in both HeLa S3 and L929 cell cultures. On the released 51CR from the incubated HeLa 53 cells, no significant cell degeneration was observed from the composite embedded MEMs.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.227-234
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this research was to develop and evaluate natural hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramics produced from the heat treatment of pig bones. Methods: The properties of natural HA ceramics produced from pig bones were assessed in two parts. Firstly, the raw materials were characterized. A temperature of $1,200^{\circ}C$ was chosen as the calcination temperature. Fine bone powders (BPs) were produced via calcinations and a milling process. Sintered BPs were then characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and a 2-year in vitro degradability test. Secondly, an indirect cytotoxicity test was conducted on human osteoblast-like cells, MG63, treated with the BPs. Results: The average particle size of the BPs was $20{\pm}5{\mu}m$. FE-SEM showed a non-uniform distribution of the particle size. The phase obtained from XRD analysis confirmed the structure of HA. Elemental analysis using XRF detected phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) with the Ca/P ratio of 1.6. Functional groups examined by FTIR detected phosphate ($PO{_4}^{3-}$), hydroxyl ($OH^-$), and carbonate ($CO{_3}^{2-}$). The EDX, XRF, and FTIR analysis of BPs indicated the absence of organic compounds, which were completely removed after annealing at $1,200^{\circ}C$. The BPs were mostly stable in a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for 2 years. An indirect cytotoxicity test on natural HA ceramics showed no threat to the cells. Conclusions: In conclusion, the sintering temperature of $1,200^{\circ}C$ affected the microstructure, phase, and biological characteristics of natural HA ceramics consisting of calcium phosphate. The Ca-P-based natural ceramics are bioactive materials with good biocompatibility; our results indicate that the prepared HA ceramics have great potential for agricultural and biological applications.