• 대한구순구개열학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2008

The development of fetal surgery has led to promising options for many congenital malformations, such as congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), obstructive uropathy, twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), and sacrococcygeal teratoma. However, preterm labor (PTL) and premature rupture of membranes continue to be uniquitous risks for both mother and fetus. To reduce maternal morbidity and the risk of prematurity, minimal access techniques were developed and are increasingly employed recently. Lift-threatening diseases as well as severely disabling but not life-threatening conditions are potentially amenable to treatment. Recently, improvement of video-endoscopic technology has boosted the development of operative techniques for feto-endoscopic surgery, which has been demonstrated to be less invasive than the open approach. Fetal surgery for repair of cleft lip and palate, a congenital anomaly which is not life threatening, is inappropriate until such time that the benefits are shown to outweigh the risks of both the procedure itself and preterm delivery. Further animal studies will be needed before intrauterine surgery for humans should be considered. For the better understanding of recent techniques and complications associated with fetal intervention of congenital facial defect patients, we reviewed recent related articles about the current knowledge and new perspectives of experimental fetal fetal surgery in the cleft lip and palate defects.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.216-223
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• 2018

Background: Many studies have reported negative psychological or physical effects of emotional labor. Relationship between work-related musculoskeletal disorder and psychosocial factors has been reported. To manage organizational and psychosocial factors of musculoskeletal disorder with work place intervention among emotional laborers, the factors contributing to musculoskeletal pain must be identified and clarified. Methods: Data from the fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey was analyzed. Based on the questionnaire, we selected emotional laborers and included 3,979 participants, excluding participants whose variables were of interest to the researcher. Weight variable was applied. The association with musculoskeletal pain and psychosocial factors, such as workload, monotonous work, job control, social support, and job satisfaction, was investigated. Results: Univariate analysis demonstrated that there was a statistically significant relationship between social support, job satisfaction, and musculoskeletal pain. In multivariate analysis, job satisfaction showed a strong correlation with musculoskeletal pain at all sites. Social support was significantly associated with backache. Monotonous work seemed to reduce the pain in the neck and/or upper limbs. Job control and work intensity were not significantly associated with musculoskeletal pain. Conclusion: In this study, job satisfaction was significantly associated with musculoskeletal pain, and social support among the social psychological stressors could reduce musculoskeletal pain. However, unlike previously known, the presence of monotonous work resulted in reduced musculoskeletal pain. The results of this study will help to establish the direction of improvement of atmosphere in the workplace to prevent the musculoskeletal pain of emotional laborers.

• 한국노년학
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.525-540
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 시니어클럽의 현황 전반에 대해 살펴보고, 노인일자리사업을 중심으로 시니어 클럽의 정책과제를 모색함에 있다. 시니어클럽의 현황에서 법적 근거, 조직, 사업 유형, 재원, 사업 성과, 그리고 운영상 어려움(낮은 수익 산출, 높은 노동 강도와 저임금, 부족한 예산 지원, 사업수행의 법적 근거 미약)에 대해 살펴 보았다. 향후 시니어클럽의 정책과제로 1) 시니어클럽의 역할 정립(지역노인일자리사업의 거점, 지역특성에 적합한 시장형 노인일자리사업 수행 주체, 노인인식 증진 및 노인역량 강화를 통한 지역사회 변화의 구심체), 2) 노인일자리의 질적 향상(욕구반영 및 지속 가능한 노인일자리 창출, 노인일자리사업 교육의 내실화, 실무자의 근무여건 향상, 민·관 지원연계 및 파트너십 구축), 3) 노인일자리사업 관련 법 제·개정 등을 제시하였다.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.47-69
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• 2011

본 조사는 제주 감귤의 수출확대를 위하여 기능이 거의 정지한 감귤수출전문단지를 활성화할 방안을 모색하고자 수행되었다. 수출단지 활성화에는 고품질의 과실을 안정적으로 생산할 수 있는 농가를 다수 육성하고 계열화시켜 고품질의 수출용 감귤을 안정적으로 확보함과 동시에 수출농가의 경영수지를 안정화시키는 것이 선결과제이며, 우선 고품질 과실의 안정적인 생산을 위해서는 다음과 같은 과실생산기술의 표준화와 보급이 필요하다고 판단되었다. 1) 농로, 단지형태 개선 등을 통한 작업의 효율화 2) 간벌, 관배수시설, 다공질피복 등의 고당도 과실생산기술 적용 3) 품종개량, 무독묘 공급 등을 통한 생산성 및 품질향상 4) 전 생산단계에 걸친 재배기술(Global GAP 수준)의 표준화 및 보급

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.249-275
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• 2002

선진 외국인 투자기업 유치를 통해 수출진흥, 고용증대, 기술향상의 추구와 지역사회개발촉진을 위해 설치된 익산자유무역지대는 1980년대 중반 이후 외국인 투자업체, 수출, 고용이 감소되면서 그 기능은 크게 약화되어 수출자유지대로서의 존재가치가 무의미한 실정이다 익산자유무역지대의 기능의 약화 요인은 적지선정에 있어 수출자유지대의 기능 활성화를 위해 필요한 입지요인과 지역이 지니고 있는 입지여건을 고려하지 않고 선정됨으로서 설립초기부터 입지상의 문제가 내재되어 있었다. 또한 현재의 노동집약적인 지역산업구조는 저임금에 기초한 노동집약적 업체의 집적지라는 부정적인 인식으로 작용하여 기술집약적인 첨단산업으로의 자유무역지대의 산업구조 개편에 어려움을 주고 있다. 그리고 정책의 일관성 부족으로 인한 협소한 부지면적과 부족한 확장공간은 기업의 집적효과와 규모의 경제를 약화시켰으며, 열악한 입지여건을 개선시키고 지역의 동태적 비교우위를 창출하려는 정부의 정책과 의지부족은 외국인 투자기업의 투자 유인력을 약화시키고 있다.

• 한국국제농업개발학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.269-276
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• 2018

1. 중앙 아시아는 5 개의 국가로 구성되어 있으며, 이 국가들은 1991년에 소련 연방에서 독립하였다. 독립 이전에는 5개 국가 모두 공산주의 통치 하에 동일한 소비에트 계획경제 체제를 가지고 있었다 2. 1991년 이래로 중앙 아시아 국가들은 정치적, 사회적, 자연적, 지리적 조건에 따라 각기 다른 개발 경로를 경험하였다. 3. 더 나은 통치 환경은 현대 기술 혁신을 장려하고 토지에 대한 신기술의 적용 및 토지에 대한 권리를 보장하도록 동기를 부여한다. 또한 상대적으로 낮은 거래 비용이 조성될 수 있도록 지원하여 생산 증대로 이어질 투자를 촉진한다. 4. 따라서 통치 환경의 개선은 농업 생산 증대에도 중요한 요인이다. 본 연구는 통치 환경과 농업 생산과의 관계를 실증적으로 분석하고 이를 검증하였다. 5. 본 연구의 결과는 농업 생산의 증대를 위하여 통치 환경의 개선이 중요함을 입증하였으며, 그 중에서도 부패 통제 및 법의 지배의 개선이 농업 생산 증대에 가장 큰 영향을 미친다는 것을 밝혔다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.110-126
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• 1995

Korean economy has been developed successfully in the course of implementing the five year economic development plans since 1962. The gap of incomes and quality of life between rural and urban area has been widened and it made rural farm laborers drain to urban areas. Therefore the prevailing situation of labor shortage and wage hike in rural area has made farm management deteriorate in recent years. Under the internal and international unfavorable economic conditions, marginal farm land of 66.5 thousand ha has been idled as of end of 1993. The total area outside agricultural development zone with bad farming conditions including irrigation and drainage, and land consolidation for mechanization were estimated at 360.4thousand ha equivalent to 17.5% of the total farm land area in Korea. Considering the topographical conditions of marginal lands, the effective use of marginal lands should be studied from the view point of public interest rather than from the view point of individual economic conditions. Considering the present agricultural economic settings, such as price decrease, unfavourable benefits of farm products, labour shrotage, free trade of farm products and poor physical condition of marginal lands, the institutional and realistical measures for the effective utilization of idle and marginal land should be studied as soon as possible. Detail land use pattern should be surveyed in the areas outside agricultural development zone and have to be classified as orchard farms, grass land, fish culture farms, lawn and ornamental tree farm, sight seeing and leisure farms for urban peoples, special crops production farms and common farms to be developed for farm mechanization. According to the surveyed results, the expected utilization patterns of the idle and marginal lands could be considerd as village common use, farm land base development, leisure farm development, mutual complementary utilization between urban and rural areas, G't purchase and management, credit supply and new extension services, improvement of cropping patterns and sight seeing and leisure farm patterns. For the successful and reasonable management of the marginal lands, the actions such as institutional improvement, prohibition of idle marginal land, enforcement of activities of farm management committee members and land banking system of RDC including development and utilization systems should be included.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2022

The rate of industrial accident reduction is slowing down as the attention of the Ministry of Employment and Labor and related agencies on risk assessment systems decreased. this paper focuses on weakness of legal system for the risk assessment in recent years. A survey was conducted to identify the status and condition of the risk assessment system applying on small and medium-sized manufacturing companies. A set of questionnaires is designed to reflect various perspectives of the companies regarding the problems and solutions of the system. The results refer that differentiated instructions and support systems in response to the actual conditions of the companies are mandatory to reinforce the efficiency of risk assessment system.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.86-92
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• 2014

This paper provides an integrated view on human and system interaction in advanced and automated systems, which adopting computerized multi-functional artifacts and complicated organizations, such as nuclear power plants, chemical plants, steel and semi-conduct manufacturing system. As current systems have advanced with various automated equipments but human operators from various organizations are involved in the systems, system safety still remains uncertain. Especially, a human operator plays an important role at the time of critical conditions that can lead to catastrophic accidents. The knowledge on human error helps a risk manager as well as a designer to create and control a more credible system. Several human error theories were reviewed and adopted for forming the integrated perspective: gulf of execution and evaluation; risk homeostasis; the ironies of automation; trust in automation; design affordance; distributed cognition; situation awareness; and plan delegation theory. The integrated perspective embraces human error theories within three levels of human-system interactions such as affordance level, psychological logic level and trust level. This paper argued that risk management process should dealt with human errors by providing (1) reasoning improvement; (2) support to situation awareness of operators; and (3) continuous monitoring on harmonization of human system interaction. This approach may help people to understand risk of human-system interaction failure characteristics and their countermeasures.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.73-93
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• 2000

This study analyzed and mutually compared the fishery manpower problems in Northeast Asia region including Korea, China, Japan by fishery industry structure, fishery education, fishery manpower and presented fishery cooperative schemes of Northeast Asia. In case of fishery manpower problems, China is still in a better situation whereas Korea and Japan have a hard time of a labor shortage. Korean companies have employed foreign crews to find a way out of the difficulties and the foreign crew rate is growing but the problem is that the reduction of Korean crew could deteriorate the safety of vessel-sailing, efficient operations, and fishery efficiency. Therefore crew management should be placed focus on improvement of working conditions and guarantee positions to foreign crew as assistants in fishery surroundings and systems. Fishery manpower problems are complementary to each nation in Northeast Asia. In consideration of this fact, fishery manpower management needs the mutual fishery manpower and information exchange and for the sake of it, the most urgent task is to build up the international fishery cooperative network through establishing fishery-related information systems of Northeast Asia.