• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2011

Objective : In the theory of Korean medicine, Scrophulariae Radix (SR) can clear away heat and cool the blood, nourish yin and promote the production of the body fluids, relieve toxin and benefit the throat. The present study was carried out to investigate effects of SR on allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in mice. Methods : In this experiment, effects of SR on clinical aspects on the skin, histopathological changes such as spongiosis, mast cell distribution, immune cell infiltration in tissue, spleen / body ratio and production levels of serum cytokines were investigated in vivo. In addition, effects on cell viability and release of b-hexosaminidase and histamine were also investigated in vitro. Results : SR treatment diminished erythema, desquamation and keratosis which were induced by repeated painting of DNCB. Spongiosis and edema were diminished by painting of SR in histopathological observation, infiltrations of mast cell and monocytes were also decreased in SR group. In addition, spleen / body ratio was lowered compared to ADC control group. Production level of IFN-${\gamma}$ in serum was decreased, but level of IL-4 did not affected by SR. Finally, more than 400 ${\mu}g/ml$ of SR treatment groups showed decreased cell viabilities in RBL-2H3 cells. Treatment with over 200 ${\mu}g/ml$ of SR decreased b-hexosaminidase release, and treatment with over 400 ${\mu}g/ml$ decreased histamine release in vitro. Conclusion : these data suggest that SR can decrease symptoms of ACD, then SR is useful to treat patient with ACD.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2006

Allergic inflammation is thought to be a Th2 cell-dominant immune response during which tissue-resident fibroblasts produce chemokines which contribute to the recruitment of migratory leukocytes to sites of tissue injury. Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC; CCL17) is a potent member of the CC chemokine family and a selective chemoattractant for Th2 cells. In order to study the regulatory profiles of TARC production by $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IFN-{\gamma}$, and Il-4 in human normal skin fibroblast, CCD-986sk cell line was used. The expression of TARC protein was measured using ELISA, and mRNA level was detected by RT-PCR. The combination of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-4 induced a time-and dose-dependent synergistic increase in the expression of TARC at both protein and mRNA levels in the cultured human skin fibroblasts. Exposure of the cells to single cytokine had no effect on TARC expression. The high concentration (100 ng/ml) and long incubation time (72 h) of $IFN-{\gamma}$ further enhanced the TARC production induced by $TNF-{\alpha}$/lL-4 in the skin fibroblast. This synergistic effect of Th1 and Th2 type cytokines on TARC production by skin fibroblasts may contribute to the inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue damage with allergic inflammation.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.117-128
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• 1997

특정 외부항원에 노출됨으로써 생기는 피부에서의 지연형 면역과민반응을 형태학적으로 조사하기위해서 시행된 본 실험은 DNCB에 의해 인위적인 알러지성 접촉피부염을 유발시킨 후 시간의 경과에 따른 피부의 일반적인 형태, 비만세포의 변화, IL-2 receptor의 변화를 관찰하였다. DNCB 2차감작 후 실시된 contact hypersensitivity assay 결과 대조군에 비해 DNCB 처리군에서는 ear swelling이 점점 증가하여 48시간에 가장 높게 측정 되었다. 피부 조직의 일반적인 형태변화도 DNCB접종 후 48시간에서 가장 심한 피부손상의 양상을 보였는데, 진피에서 림프구 aggregation의 증가, 혈관직경의 증가, 표피로의 림프구 infiltration 증가가 일어났다. Semithin section을 통해 관찰된 DNCB처리군의 미세구조의 변화는 표피세포질내 액포화의 증가와 세포사이공간의 확장이었다. 진피에서 비만세포 수가 증가되었으며, 그 형태는 분비과립을 함유하고 있는 degranulated type으로 나타났다. 피부 진피에서 IL-2 receptor 양성반응세포수가 증가되었으며, 표피로 infltration된 IL-2 receptor 양성반응세포가 48시간에서 가장 많이 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 DNCB 감작에 의해 세포성면역과민반응이 일어나며, 이후 면역관여세포들의 복합적인 작용에 의해 급격한 염증반응이 일어나게 된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.291-301
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• 2023

Introduction: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are particularly vulnerable to the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Currently, no anti-NSCLC/COVID-19 treatment options are available. As ginsenoside Rg3 is beneficial to NSCLC patients and has been identified as an entry inhibitor of the virus, this study aims to explore underlying pharmacological mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg3 for the treatment of NSCLC patients with COVID-19. Methods: Based on a large-scale data mining and systemic biological analysis, this study investigated target genes, biological processes, pharmacological mechanisms, and underlying immune implications of ginsenoside Rg3 for NSCLC patients with COVID-19. Results: An important gene set containing 26 target genes was built. Target genes with significant prognostic value were identified, including baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5 (BIRC5), carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9), endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB), glucagon receptor (GCGR), interleukin 2 (IL2), peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PADI4), and solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1). The expression of target genes was significantly correlated with the infiltration level of macrophages, eosinophils, natural killer cells, and T lymphocytes. Ginsenoside Rg3 may benefit NSCLC patients with COVID-19 by regulating signaling pathways primarily involved in anti-inflammation, immunomodulation, cell cycle, cell fate, carcinogenesis, and hemodynamics. Conclusions: This study provided a comprehensive strategy for drug discovery in NSCLC and COVID-19 based on systemic biology approaches. Ginsenoside Rg3 may be a prospective drug for NSCLC patients with COVID-19. Future studies are needed to determine the value of ginsenoside Rg3 for NSCLC patients with COVID-19.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.549-558
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• 1989

This experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of Aloe vera in the pancreatic islets of streptozotocin diabetic mice. Experimental diabetes was induced in ICR mice with a single injection of SZ(140mg/kg body weight, ip). The mice demonstrating hyperglycemia 48 hours after SZ injection were treated for 16 days with Aloe vera(300, 800mg/kg). Plasma glucose was measured, and for morphological studies of the islets specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and by immunocytochemical methods. Then we observed the morphological changes of islets. Polymorphonuclear cells were infiltrated at the periphery of the islets 48 hours after SZ injection in SZ-treated ICR mice, but no prominent WBC infiltration was observed throughout the experiment. Blood glucose in mice treated with Aloe vera after SZ injection was higher than that of SZ injected mice, and mononuclear cells were heavily infiltrated at the islets 16 days after Aloe vera treatment(300mg/kg), and significant islets infiltration of mononuclear cells was observed 30 days after Aloe vera treatment(800mg/kg). Islets of ICR mice treated with Aloe vera after SZ injection showed severer insulitis, degranulation and necrosis of B cells than those of SZ injected mice. These studies indicate that Aloe vera in SZ injected mice increases vascular permeability and number of WBC in pancreatic islets, and potentiates destruction of B cells by cell-mediated immune system.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.181-188
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• 1997

닭에 있어서 닭와포자충 갉염이 면역반응에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위한 기초적 연구리 일환으로 파브리시우스낭의 병리조직학적 소견을 경시적으로 조사하고자 150마리의 2일령 SPF 병아리 (Drkalb-Warren, Sex-Sal-Link)에 닭와포자충의 오오시스트 $5{\;}{\times}{\;}10^5$를 한 번에 경구투여하였타. 분변 속의 오오시스트 배설양상은 정상적이었으며. 파브리시우스낭 지수는 전 실험기간에 걸쳐 거의 변동이 없얹다 많은 수의 원충체가 접종 후 4-16일에 이 낭상피의 미세융또 가장자리에서 관찰되었으며 많은 수의 비만세포가 출현한 다음 원충체가 급격하게 소실하염다. 원충체의 분포상황과 상피 및 인접점막 고유층의 위호산구 침윤은 일치하였다. 이 병소는 상피. 인접 점막고유층의 위호산구 침율과 점만상피 증식을 동반한 미만성 만성 표재성 화농성 파브리시우스낭영의 병리조직학적 소견이었다 이러한 파브리시우스낭염은 면역억제를 유발할 건으로 생각된다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.607-618
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• 2016

아토피 피부염(AD)에 대한 고삼백선피복합방(GBBB)의 치료적 가능성을 증명하기 위해 동물모델에서 다양한 면역 관련 인자들과 조직학적 변화에 대한 GBBB의 영향을 평가하였다. 실험 결과는 다음과 같다. GBBB도포군은 관능평가 결과에서 AD의 개선징후를 나타냈다. GBBB 도포군은 대조군에 비해 혈액 내 백혈구, 호중구, 림프구, 단핵구 면역세포 비율이 54%, 63%, 57%, 86%로 감소되었다. 또한 GBBB도포군은 대조군에 비해 혈청 내 IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, Histamine 및 IgE 생성량이 각각 40%, 80%, 62%, 61%, 57%로 유의성 있게 감소되었다. H&E 염색에서 GBBB 도포군은 대조군에 비하여 비만세포가 피부로 침윤되는 것이 억제되었으며 피부두께 역시 상대적으로 감소되었다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 GBBB는 피부에 직접 도포하는 AD 치료제로서 가능성이 있음이 확인하였다. 후속연구에서는 분자생물학적 연구를 통해 GBBB의 면역조절 기전을 구체적으로 밝히고자 한다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2017

Objectives : This study aims to evaluate the effects of natural herb mixutre (NHM) on atopic dermatitis and skin regeneration using in vivo test. Methods : NHM was prepared with DW. 25% of NHM was applied to skin lesion, where atopic dermatitis was induced by DNCB in NC/Nga mice. The levels of cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, TNF-a, and $IFN-{\gamma}$), and IgE in serum were measured by Luminex. Immune cells (WBC, eosinophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte) in blood were counted by coulter counter. The gross investigation of atopic dermatitis index score test were performed during the NHM treatment period. Also, the histopathological change of dorsal skin was observed by H&E and M&T staining. Results : NHM showed the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, IgE, WBC, eosinophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte in serum or blood were significantly decreased. On the contrary, the productions of FGF, and VEGF were increased in the serum. Also, atopic dermatitis index score in NHM-treated mice were observed in the similar levels to those of normal group. Histological examination demonstrated that NHM suppressed immune cell infiltration and thickening of epidermis, meanwhile the extraction induced collagen production in the dorsal skin. Conclusion : This study demonstrated that NHM is appeared to be effective on atopic dermatitis and skin regeneration efficacy based on the observations with hematologic, gross, and histologic examinations. Therefore, we suggest that NHM could be effectively used as an external therapeutics against atopic dermatitis and a consequence skin damage.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.44.1-44.10
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• 2023

Tumor hypoxia, oxygen deprivation state, occurs in most cancers and promotes angiogenesis, enhancing the potential for metastasis. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family genes play crucial roles in tumorigenesis by promoting angiogenesis. To investigate the malignant processes triggered by hypoxia-induced angiogenesis across pan-cancers, we comprehensively analyzed the relationships between the expression of VEGF family genes and hypoxic microenvironment based on integrated bioinformatics methods. Our results suggest that the expression of VEGF family genes differs significantly among various cancers, highlighting their heterogeneity effect on human cancers. Across the 33 cancers, VEGFB and VEGFD showed the highest and lowest expression levels, respectively. The survival analysis showed that VEGFA and placental growth factor (PGF) were correlated with poor prognosis in many cancers, including kidney renal cell and liver hepatocellular carcinoma. VEGFC expression was positively correlated with glioma and stomach cancer. VEGFA and PGF showed distinct positive correlations with hypoxia scores in most cancers, indicating a potential correlation with tumor aggressiveness. The expression of miRNAs targeting VEGF family genes, including hsa-miR-130b-5p and hsa-miR-940, was positively correlated with hypoxia. In immune subtypes analysis, VEGFC was highly expressed in C3 (inflammatory) and C6 (transforming growth factor β dominant) across various cancers, indicating its potential role as a tumor promotor. VEGFC expression exhibited positive correlations with immune infiltration scores, suggesting low tumor purity. High expression of VEGFA and VEGFC showed favorable responses to various drugs, including BLU-667, which abrogates RET signaling, an oncogenic driver in liver and thyroid cancers. Our findings suggest potential roles of VEGF family genes in malignant processes related with hypoxia-induced angiogenesis.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2012

Objective : In the present study, we investigated the pharmacological profile of the aqueous extract of $Patrinia$ $scabiosaefolia$ Fischer ex Link (EPS) and $Patrinia$ $villosa$ Jussieu (EPV) for its anti-asthmatic activities. The purpose of this study is to ascertain if EPS result in better anti-asthmatic activities and functional outcome as compared with EPV. Methods : In this study, BALB/c mice were systemically sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) followed intratracheally, intraperitoneally, and by aerosol allergen challenges. We investigated the effect of EPS, EPV on the recruitment of pulmonary inflammatory cells, various immune cell phenotypes, Th1/Th2 cytokine gene expression and production and histamine production in serum. Results : In BALB/c mice, we found that EPV-treated groups had more effectively suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration of lung and BALF, B220+IgE+, CD11b+Gr-1+ cell population in lung and these occurred by suppressing the gene expression of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-4 cytokine production in BALF and serum. Conclusions : These results suggest that EPV may play an important role in the control of anti-asthmatic activities by down-regulation of Th2 cytokine (especially IL-4, IL-5). In general, EPV has shown a better anti-asthmatic activities compared to EPS.