• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.98-108
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• 2015

Staphylococcus aureus is an important foodborne pathogen that causes diverse diseases ranging from minor infections to life-threatening conditions in humans and animals. To further understand its pathogenesis, the genome of the strain S. aureus FORC_001 was isolated from a contaminated food. Its genome consists of 2,886,017 bp double-stranded DNA with a GC content of 32.8%. It is predicted to contain 2,728 open reading frames, 57 tRNAs, and 6 rRNA operons, including 1 additional 5S rRNA gene. Comparative phylogenetic tree analysis of 40 complete S. aureus genome sequences using average nucleotide identity (ANI) revealed that strain FORC_001 belonged to Group I. The closest phylogenetic match was S. aureus MRSA252, according to a whole-genome ANI (99.87%), suggesting that they might share a common ancestor. Comparative genome analysis of FORC_001 and MRSA252 revealed two non-homologous regions: Regions I and II. The presence of various antibiotic resistance genes, including the SCCmec cluster in Region I of MRSA252, suggests that this strain might have acquired the SCCmec cluster to adapt to specific environments containing methicillin. Region II of both genomes contains prophage regions but their DNA sequence identity is very low, suggesting that the prophages might differ. This is the first report of the complete genome sequence of S. aureus isolated from a real foodborne outbreak in South Korea. This report would be helpful to extend our understanding about the genome, general characteristics, and virulence factors of S. aureus for further studies of pathogenesis, rapid detection, and epidemiological investigation in foodborne outbreak.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.254-257
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• 2012

경기도 지방의 된장 시료로부터 악취감소 효과 미생물 중에서 효모가 분리되었으며 rDNA염기서열분석에 의하여 Pichia farinosa로 동정 되었다. 공시균주 P. farinosa NASS-2로 대량배양조건 확립 및 미생물처리제를 제조하였다. 분리한 효모로 제조한 악취저감효과 처리제의 실내 시험결과 돈분에 미생물제를 처리하고 15일 경과 후 악취가스 감소율을 조사한 결과, 암모니아가스($NH_3$ gas)는 처리 전 19.49 ppm에서 처리 후는 1.38 ppm으로, 황화수소가스($H_2S$ gas)는 처리 전 5.89 ppb에서 처리 후는 0.32 ppb으로 감소하는 효과를 나타내었다. 일반적으로 박테리아가 악취저감효과 미생물로 사용되고 있으나 본 연구에서 사용한 된장에서 분리한 효모 특히 산막효모인 P. farinosa NASS-2의 악취효과(암모니아가스, 황화수소 가스)는 처음 보고이다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.300-310
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• 2013

98주의 내생진균은 신두리 해안사구에 자생하고 있는 해안사구식물의 뿌리로부터 분리하였다. 8종의 해안사구식물 샘플은 모래지치(Argusia sibirica), 갯메꽃(Calystegia soldanella), 갯그령(Elymus mollis), 반디지치(Lithospermum zollingeri), 갯무(Raphanus sativus), 솔장다리(Salsola collina), 왕잔디(Zoysia macrostachya) 및 갯잔디(Zoysia sinica)이며, 신두리 해안사구로부터 채집되었다. 그리고 분리된 내생진균들은 ITS1, 5.8S와 ITS2를 포함하는 ITS-rDNA 영역에 의해 분석되었다. 해안사구식물로부터 분리된 내생진균에 대하여 다양한 지수를 적용하여 분석하였다. 해안사구식물로부터 분리된 모든 내생진균은 Capnodiales (3.09%), Eurotiales (70.10%), Glomerellales (1.03%), Helotiales (3.09%), Hypocreales (9.28%), Mortierellales (2.06%), Onygenales (1.03%), Ophiostomatales (1.03%), Pleosporales (1.03%), Polyporales (1.03%), Russulales (1.03%), Saccharomycetales (2.06%), Xylariales (1.03%)로 13개 목과 분류체계가 명확하지 않은 Incertae sedis (3.09%)으로 확인되었다. 본 연구에서는 8종의 식물로부터 내생진균을 분석한 결과 Eurotiales 목과 Hypocreales 목의 Penicillium 속(59.18%)과 Fusarium속 (5.10%)이 가장 많이 분포하는 것으로 나타났다. 갯메꽃으로부터 분리된 내생진균이 다른 해안사구식물들로부터 분리된 내생진균의 다양성 보다 높은 것으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.311-315
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• 2012

A novel ${\beta}$-proteobacterium, designated BXN5-$27^T$, was isolated from soil of a ginseng field of Baekdu Mountain in China, and was characterized using a polyphasic approach. The strain was Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, motile, non-spore-forming, and rod shaped. Strain BXN5-$27^T$ exhibited ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity that was responsible for its ability to transform ginsenoside $Rb_1$ (one of the dominant active components of ginseng) to compound Rd. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this strain belonged to the family Comamonadaceae; it was most closely related to Ramlibacter henchirensis $TMB834^T$ and Ramlibacter tataouinensis$TTB310^T$ (96.4% and 96.3% similarity, respectively). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.1%. The major menaquinone was Q-8. The major fatty acids were $C_{16:0}$, summed feature 4 (comprising $C_{16:1}$ ${\omega}7c$ and/or iso-$C_{15:0}$ 2OH), and $C_{17:0}$ cyclo. Genomic and chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of strain BXN5-$27^T$ to the genus Ramlibacter. However, physiological and biochemical tests differentiated it phenotypically from the other established species of Ramlibacter. Therefore, the isolate represents a novel species, for which the name Ramlibacter ginsenosidimutans sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain being BXN5-$27^T$ (=DSM $23480^T$ = LMG $24525^T$ = KCTC $22276^T$).

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2020

Gymnophallid metacercariae found in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum ('Banjirak' in Korean) from Gochang-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea were morphologically and molecularly confirmed to be Parvatrema duboisi (Dollfus, 1923) Bartoli, 1974. The metacercariae were morphologically characterized by having a large oral sucker, small ventral sucker, genital pore some distance anterior to the ventral sucker, no ventral pit, and 1 compact or slightly lobed vitellarium, which were all compatible with P. duboisi. Some of the metacercariae were experimentally fed to mice, and adult flukes were recovered at day 7 post-infection. The morphology of the adult flukes was basically the same as that of the metacercariae except for the presence of uterine eggs; the uterus was filled with up to 40 eggs. The nucleotide sequences (1,193 bp) from ITS regions (ITS1, 5.8S rDNA, and ITS2) of the metacercariae showed 99.7% identity with P. duboisi and 75.7% identity with Gymnophalloides seoi deposited in GenBank. These results confirmed the presence of P. duboisi metacercariae in the Manila clam R. philippinarum in an estuary region of Gochang-gun, Korea.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.169-182
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• 2003

ADRP 유전자가 24개월령 한우 등심조직에서 발현량이 급격히 증가하여 30개월령 등심조직에서는 발현량이 다소 감소하는 발현양상 분석결과로부터 이전 연구에서는 ADRP 유전자를 한우 성장단계 특이발현 유전자로 선정하였다. 본 연구에서는 ADRP 유전자의 발현조절 기작을 분석하기 위하여 promoter 영역을 포함하는 ADRP 유전자 전체영역을 cloning하였으며, 구조를 분석하고 promoter의 특성을 조사하였다. 한우 ADRP cDNA 단편을 probe로 합성하여 Southern blot 분석을 실시한 결과로부터 ADRP 유전자가 한우 genome 상에서 single copy로 존재하고 크기는 대략 12 kb에 해당하는 것을 확인하였다. Genomic DNA library screening을 실시하여 promoter 영역을 포함하는 ADRP 전체 유전자에 해당하는 clone을 확보하고 HwADRPg-1으로 명명한 후, 염기서열을 결정하고 분석하였다. 한우 ADRP 유전자, HwADRPg-1은 8개의 exon과 7개의 intron으로 구성되어 있으며 모든 exon-intron 경계는 GT/AG 원칙을 따르고 있었고, coding 영역은 7,633 bp로서 6개의 intron에 의해 7개의 exon으로 나누어져 있었다. HwADRPg-1의 promoter 영역에서는 TATAA box는 발견되지 않았으며, -70 위치에 근육 특이적 transcription activator인 Myo G 서열이 존재하였고, -629 위치에는 지방세포의 분화를 유도하는 것으로 알려진 C/EBP (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein) 서열이 존재하였다. HwADRPg-1의 조절영역에 있는 Myo G factor가 근육조직에서 ADRP 유전자가 발현될 수 있도록 하며, 근육의 발달정도를 신호로써 감지하여 근육조직에서 성장단계에 따른 ADRP 유전자의 발현량을 조절할 것으로 추정되고, 다른 종류의 지방세포 특이적인 전사인자 및 지방세포의 분화정도를 신호로 인식하는 전사단계 조절인자를 조사하기 위하여 promoter 영역의 추가분석이 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국양식학회 2004년도 수산관련학회 공동학술대회 발표요지집
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• pp.513-513
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• 2004

Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, is commercially and ecologically important marine bivalve in Korea and japan. However, clam landings in the two countries have dramatically declined since the 1980-1990's. In the present study, the protozoan parasite, Perkinsus sp., lectin (host's defense-related glycoprotein) and histopathological features were investigated in Manila clams collected from Gomso Bay in Korea and Ariake Bay in japan (one of the largest clam beds in each country) during summer and fall, 2002-2003. DNA sequences of non-transcribe spacer (NTS), internal transcribed space. (ITS) and 5.85 rRNA of Perkinsus sp. were identical to those of P. atlanticus that was reported in Europe and Korea. For diagnosis of Perkinsus, the fluid thioglycollate medium (FTM) and the 2 M NaOH lysis methods were used. Prevalence of the parasite varied from 92.5-98.7% in Gomso Bay and 35.5-37.9% in Ariake Bay. Infection intensity, in terms of the number of Perkinsuscells per gram tissue wet weight, in the clams of Gomso Bay in fall 2002 averaged 1,010,077-470,937 recording approximately100 times higher than that of Ariake Bay, and these were twice higher than those of summer samples in each location. Mean hemagglutination titer of the clams from Gomso Bay was approximately 60-folds higher than that of clams from Ariake Bay in 2002. In histological preparation of the clams from Gomso Bay in 2002, trophozoites of P. atlanticus were in groups and resulted in severe inflammatory response of host clam. Prevalence of the trematod, Cercaria tapes-like in the clams of Gomso Bay and Ariake Bay were 8.8 % and 10.5% respectively. In conclusion, the clams from Gomso Bay showed more severe pathologic symptoms and higher immune response than those of the clams from Ariake Bay.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2020

The third stage larvae (L3) of Anisakis typica were detected in 2 species of threadfin bream, Nemipterus hexodon and N. japonicus, from the Gulf of Thailand, and were morphologically and molecularly characterized. Total 100 threadfin breams, 50 Nemipterus hexodon and 50 N. japonicus, were examined with naked eyes after the opening of abdominal cavity with scissors. Almost all infected larvae remained alive and active even the fish were transported for 1-2 days. Anisakid larvae were exclusively distributed in the body cavity and rarely in the liver. The prevalence of A. typica L3 were 68.0% and 60.0% in N. hexodon and N. japonicus and their infection intensities were 3.5 and 4.2 per fish infected each. Morphological and morphometric analysis were performed by viewing specimens under both a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope. Interestingly, the protruded mucron of Anisakis typica under SEM showed a distinct cylindrical shape that differed from the cone shape of A. simplex. The protruded mucron could be used to identify A. typica L3 larvae in the future. A comparison of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA nucleotide sequences of these species revealed high blast scores with A. typica. Conclusively, it was confirmed that A. typica L3 are prevalent in threadfin breams from the Gulf of Thailand, and their morphological and molecular characters are something different from those of other anisakid larvae, including A. simplex and A. pegreffii.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.305-313
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• 2016

갓(Brassica juncea; 2n = 4x = 36, AABB genome, 1,068Mb)은 U's triangle의 배추와 흑겨자 사이의 복이배체 작물로 구분한다. 본 연구는 갓 15 품종의 ribosomal DNA ITS 영역과 MITE를 이용하여 갓의 유연관계 및 품종구분 분자표지를 확인하였다. Ribosomal DNA ITS 영역은 종 및 품종의 유연관계를 알아보는 연구로 많이 사용되고 있어서, 이를 이용하여 갓 15 품종의 유연관계를 알아보았다. 또한, MITE는 매우 많은 copy 수를 가지고 있고, 유전적으로 안정적이기 때문에 유전체 및 진화 연구에 매우 적합한 재료이다. MITE를 이용한 갓의 품종구분 분자표지를 확인하기 위해 MITE super-families 중 Stowaway(BraSto) 관련 70점, Tourist(BraTo) 관련 79점, hAT(BrahAT) 관련 6점, Mutator(BraMu) 관련 5점으로 품종구분 표지를 알아보았다. 총 160점의 분자표지 중 32점이 갓 15 품종에서 뚜렷한 다형성을 보였다. 특히, 흑갓은 표현형뿐만 아니라 유전자형도 매우 다르게 나타났다. 또한 8점의 MITE 분자표지를 활용하여 47점의 유전자원에서 다형성 및 품종구분 표지로의 활용 가능성을 확인하였다. 이러한 다형성 표지들은 갓의 품종구분 및 품종 보호에 매우 유용하게 사용할 수 있을 것이라 기대한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1509-1518
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• 2013

An agar-degrading bacterium, designated as strain $G7^T$, was isolated from a coastal seawater sample from Gaya Island (Gayado in Korean), Republic of Korea. The isolated strain $G7^T$ is gram-negative, rod shaped, aerobic, non-motile, and non-pigmented. A similarity search based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that it shares 95.5%, 90.6%, and 90.0% similarity with the 16S rRNA gene sequences of Catenovulum agarivorans $YM01^T$, Algicola sagamiensis, and Bowmanella pacifica W3-$3A^T$, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that strain $G7^T$ formed a distinct monophyletic clade closely related to species of the family Alteromonadaceae in the Alteromonas-like Gammaproteobacteria. The G+C content of strain $G7^T$ was 41.12 mol%. The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain $G7^T$ and the phylogenetically closest strain $YM01^T$ was 19.63%. The genomes of $G7^T$ and $YM01^T$ had an average ANIb value of 70.00%. The predominant isoprenoid quinone of this particular strain was ubiquinone-8, whereas that of C. agarivorans $YM01^T$ was menaquinone-7. The major fatty acids of strain $G7^T$ were Iso-$C_{15:0}$ (41.47%), Anteiso-$C_{15:0}$ (22.99%), and $C_{16:1}{\omega}7c/iso-C_{15:0}2-OH$ (8.85%), which were quite different from those of $YM01^T$. Comparison of the phenotypic characteristics related to carbon utilization, enzyme production, and susceptibility to antibiotics also demonstrated that strain $G7^T$ is distinct from C. agarivorans $YM01^T$. Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain $G7^T$ was considered a novel genus and species in the Gammaproteobacteria, for which the name Gayadomonas joobiniege gen. nov. sp. nov. (ATCC BAA-2321 = $DSM25250^T=KCTC23721^T$) is proposed.