• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.701-724
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• 2003

Since the late 19th century, the location and characteristics of Lop-Nor lake have been a major theme of debates among the scholars(Prejevalsky, Richthofen, Kozlov, Hedin, Huntington, Stein, Chen etc.) who have been interested in Inner Asia. In the 1980s the problem to find the exact location and characteristics of Lop-Nor lake was finally solved by the investigation group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Ironically, it was possible to find the solution by drying up of the lake due to the change of land use and the expansion of irrigation system in Tarim basin. Specially the excessive development of this area for agricultural use by the Xinjiang Production-Construction Army Corps since 1949 must have influenced on drying up of Lop-Nor lake. Furthermore it can be observed to be the very similar situation to Lop-Nor lake in many areas of Chinese Inner Asia Frontier. According to this finding, it may be proposed that human factors played an important role in the changes of Lop-Nor lake over the previous years too. This study can give an insight on the ecological interpretation of Inner Asian history and the environmental interpretation of the rising nationalism in this area.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.89-99
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• 2021

A brand community refers to a group of people who have a passion and loyalty for the brand, and is attracting attention as an effective marketing strategy to increase brand equity because it actively tends to support and promote the brand without expecting compensation. The objective of this study is to identify factors that are needed for sustainable brand community management. Existing studies on brand community management have mainly been conducted by quantitative methods measuring consumer satisfaction and dissatisfaction towards brand community activities, however, this study applied qualitative methods using means-end chains and laddering approaches in order to deeply identify a consumer's desired value on brand community activities. An in-depth interview of 41 members of BTS ARMY, a representative example of brand community, has been conducted and analyzed. The result of this study is as follows. In order to encourage active brand community activities, it is important to provide brand community members with a variety of high-quality brand-related content for a unique aesthetic experience, and a forum where all members can interact and exchange information and ideas to enhance brand value and experience. Finally, to nurture a strong brand community as a partner to co-create brand equity, rather than just a fan community, it is needed to build an environment that fosters opportunities for brand community members to increase self-respect and fulfillment through their brand community activities.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.495-502
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• 2007

In Korea, military authorities have neglected to consider impacts of military projects on local communities and natural environment. Moreover, local communities have had difficulties in dealing with the Ministry of National Defense (MND), which was stubborn enough not to implement environmental assessment on their projects. In this situation, recent case, "EIA of Baekgol Division's Howitzer Fire Training Site" in the Supreme Court-in which judges upheld the Higher Court's decision that the division violated the Environmental Impact Assessment law by ignoring to implement EIA-reveals that military projects can no longer forgo environmental assessment. The decision has serious ramifications on the future of Environmental Impact Assessment in military-led projects. This paper examines the proper scope of EIA in military-led projects and, more specifically, fire training site and searches for how to improve it through 'probable error,' a military training method that is applied to real 'howitzer' fire training. Probable error of the artillery field manual is nothing more than an error that exceeded as often as it is not exceeded and its scientific method was demonstrated through real fire tests in the US. Army. If it is applied to improve assessment methods about the proper scope of EIA in military 'howitzer' fire training site, 'probable error' will improve effect prediction, mitigation and reliability.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.368-378
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• 2020

This paper analyzed how the characteristics of 'punctum' and 'studium' in war documentary photography work on the audience through 'D-DAY' photographs taken by Robert Kappa and a U.S. army photographer. As a method of research, we conducted interviews with the audience to examine the process of expressing the punctum and studium experiences. Studies have shown that audiences feel a greater punctum experience in war documentary photographs of 'Robert Capa' than those of U.S. army photographers. Even if the same situation was taken in the same place, the audience could confirm that the photo could be a means of distortion because it did not show reality in various ways depending on the photographer who took it. This study is meaningful in that it revealed the distortion of war documentary photography and the audience's punctum experience by examining the audience's experience of war documentary photography through qualitative research.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• s.7
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• pp.55-89
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• 2009

This article aims to critically review recent U. S. RMA-centered theories of warfare having prevailed after the 1991-92 Gulf War upon which the current ROKA military transformation project, the Vision 2020, largely based. In order to evaluate validity as a universal warfighing theory of NCW (Network Centric Warfare) and EBO (Effects-Based Operations), this article reviews the intrinsic strength and weakness of the theories as well as results of several recent wars that the U. S. Army conducted based on doctrines derived form such theories, In addition, this article examines the impact of certain military technology or weapon system in some well-known historical wars to draw lessons regarding the relationship between technology(weapon system) and military victory. Historical examples has shown that victories in war were not achieved by new technologies alone in most cases. Rather military victories tended to owe to combination of new technology, original doctrine and well conceived organization. Although the U. S. Armed Forces showed brilliant records of operational successes anchored on the system of PGMs and NCW concepts in Iraq (1991-92; 2003) and Afghanistan (2001-02), it must be pointed out that the operational successes did not bring about political ones in cases of Iraq and Afghanistan. It reminds us of perils of too technologically tilted approach to the conduct of war. In sum, one ought to recognize that superior technology nowadays became a necessary condition of success but is not yet a sufficient condition, the ROKA needs to be abreast with development trends of military technologies and related theoretical concepts, it need not too be in a hurry in adopting cutting edged war-making technologies at the expense of large amount of budget. The essay recommends for the ROKA several basic requirements for coping with conduct of future wars as well as establishing a 'Korean style military thought'; (1) Recognition of importance of technology in conduct of war; (2) Imposition of officer self-study hours in working days; (3) Establishing a lifestyle of military professionalism in the Korean officer corps; (4) Setting up small or large groups of think-tanks that are specialized in army doctrinal formulation.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.53-63
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• 2018

Since warfare surroundings getting complex and diverse in the future, it is not simple to make appropriate structures and organizations for military groups along the phenomenon. Therefore, this study proposes a methodology of verification for army staff's structure and organization by units in the future using System Dynamics(SD). The procedure of using SD for the verification is a calculation of database(DB), the design of causal loop diagram, and the simulation and analysis. First, DB such as individuals' workload and time is calculated through observation after a real group of staff. Second, the causal loop diagram is considered by a flow of task, and it is modeled. Third, the DB is entered into the model and simulated for analyzing of appropriacy. This study used Powersim program for designing the SD model. One of the weaknesses of the methodology of this study is possibilities of a different result by the DB by observers and perspectives by analysts. As supplementation for the weakness, this study includes research analysis and surveys for the total analysis. The meaning of this study is that it suggests a methodology of warfighting experimentation to analyze structure and organization of military groups with quantifying suitability in the scientific method.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.2289-2297
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• 2014

There were a lot of attempts in the army to use various domestic thematic maps, but attribute data types of military topographic analysis maps use the FACC of DIGEST, so there is a limit in employing domestic thematic maps with different types of attribute codes. Therefore, this study analyzed the FACC as a data attribute based on the MIL-PRF-89040 of the US Army. Then, VITD was created by changing the attribute codes of domestic thematic maps produced in Korea to fit the FACC. Lastly, it was applied to the analysis of cross-country movement for maneuver defined in FM 5-33 in order to verify if it is applicable in practice. As a result, it was found that the suggested method was helpful in securing the cross-country movement for maneuver. This means that this method can be used not only in producing military topographic analysis maps using domestic thematic maps but in constructing emergency transport routes roads to transport by-products of forest in future.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2024

In this study, the scale of renewable photovoltaic(PV) panels and hydrogen fuel storage facilities required to achieve "net zero carbon emissions" in military facilities were predicted based on actual electricity consumption. It was set up to expect the appropriate installation size of PV panel and hydrogen fuel storage facility for achieving carbon neutrality, limited to the electricity consumption in the public sector, including national defense and social security administration in Yeongcheon. The experimental results of this paper are largely composed of two parts. First, representative meteorological factors were considered to predict solar power generation in the Yeongcheon area, and solar power generation was estimated through a multiple regression model using deep learning techniques. Second, the size of solar power generation facilities and hydrogen storage facilities in military bases was estimated with the amount of solar power generation and electricity consumption. As a result of this analysis, it was calculated that a site of 155.76×104 m² for PV panels was needed and a facility capable of storing 27,657 kg of hydrogen gas was required. Through these results, it is meaningful to demonstrated the prospect that military units can lead the achievement of "carbon net zero 2050" by using PV panels and hydrogen fuel storage facilities on idle sites of military bases.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.117-131
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• 1996

This paper presents the results of the systems analysis for the FCIM (Flexible Computer Integrated Manufacturing) system at the U.S. Tobyhanna Army Repair Depot, which is one of the RAMP (Rapid Acquisition of Manufactured Part) program sites for CALS implementation in the U.S. military. The FCIM system's acquisition and supply processes are represented by IDEFO function models and FCIM information systems are briefly decribed in this paper. The models presented here can be used at a reference for the development of CALS acquisition and supply systems. In addition. the distinction between input and control information on the IDEFO model it suggested from the practical modeling viewpoint.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 1975

The optimal time-sequential distribution of supporting fire against enemy ground units in combat against attacking friendly units is studied. Lanchester type models of warfare are combined with optimal control theory in this investigation. The optimal time-sequential fire-support policy is characterized for a specific problem. Although complete details for the determination of the optimal policy are not given, it is conjectured, on the basis of the theorems which were proved, that for this problem the optimal policy is to always concentrate all supporting fire on the same enemy unit until supporting fire must be lifted.