• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.662-668
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of methanolic extracts of 10 kinds of wild vegetables cultivated in Gangwon province on antioxidant activity, acetylcholinesterase, and β-secretase inhibitory activities. Results showed that among the wild vegetables, Aralia elata(Miq.) Seem shoot extract exhibited the highest total phenol content (84.65±1.08 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoids content (70.77±0.55 mg RE/g), respectively. The antioxidant activity of wild vegetables extracts was measured by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay. Aralia elata(Miq.) Seem shoot extracts had the highest DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity (90.16%, 40.18% at 2 mg/mL). As a result, Aralia elata(Miq.) Seem shoot extract was the most effective in terms of acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (35.94% at 1 mg/mL). In the β-secretase activity assay, all 10 kinds wild vegetables extracts showed low inhibitory activity, and Aralia elata(Miq.) Seem shoot extract had highest inhibitory activity among the 10 wild vegetables extracts was 14.99%. Taken together, these results showed that Aralia elata(Miq.) Seem shoot extract has potential cognition improvement impact, suggesting that it may provide an effective strategy for improving cognition.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.113-126
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• 2021

In the present study, the halophyte C. falcatum extract and its solvent fractions (n-hexane, 85% aqueous methanol, n-butanol, and water) were evaluated for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Antioxidative ability was measured by DPPH radical, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxynitrite scavenging, DNA oxidation inhibition, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). For DPPH radical and peroxynitrite scavenging, DNA oxidation inhibition, and FRAP, 85% aq.MeOH and n-BuOH fractions showed significant scavenging activity. For production of intracellular ROS in HT-1080 cells, 85% aq.MeOH fraction showed the highest scavenging activity. In addition, anti-inflammatory activity was also assessed by measuring the inhibitory effect against mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors (NO, IL-1β, IL-6 and COX-2) in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 macrophages. For NO production, crude extract exhibited a strong inhibitory effect at a concentration of 100 ㎍/ml. For mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and COX-2), n-BuOH greatly suppressed expression levels of IL-1β and IL-6 at 100 ㎍/ml concentration while 85% aq. MeOH fraction significantly inhibited that of COX-2 even at 100 ㎍/ml. These results suggest that C. falcatum may be used as a potential source for the development of a natural antioxidant or anti-inflammatory agent.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.368-376
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• 2021

This study was to investigate the Taraxinic acid from Taraxacum coreanum on tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis. In B16BL6 cell, Taraxinic acid did not show cytotoxicity even at concentrations of up to 100 ㎍/mL. In addition, tyrosinase inhibitory activity and melanogenesis inhibitory activity were confirmed by stimulation with α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) in the presence of taraxinic acid. Taraxinic acid was added to cells at concentrations of 10, 50 and 100 ㎍/mL and treated for 48 hours to confirm tyrosinase inhibitory activity and melanin production. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity increased in proportion to the amount of the sample, and showed an inhibitory activity of about 54.5% at a concentration of 50 ㎍/mL. Melanin production decreased in proportion to the sample amount, and it was about 62.2% at the concentration of 10 ㎍/mL. From the above results, it was found that Taraxinic acid had higher tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis inhibitory activity in melanocyte than arbutin. The results suggest that Taraxinic acid can be utilized in natural whitening cosmetics.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.82-85
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• 2006

Eucommia ulmoides bark extracts by cold water, boiling water, 100% EtOH, 70% EtOH, 100% MeOH, 70% MeOH and $CHCl_3$ were assayed for their medicinal effects. The antioxidant activity of the extracts ranged from $IC_{50}$ 125.2 to $IC_{50}\;872.7{\mu}g/ml$ in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DDPH) free radical-scavenging assay, and cold water extracts had the highest antioxidant activity. $CHCl_3$ extracts had the highest inhibitory effect on angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) giving inhibition of up to 56.4% at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. Extracts in 100% EtOH had the greatest inhibitory effect on $\acute{a}-amylase$ activity ($IC_{50}=174.6{\mu}g/ml$), and 70% MeOH extracts had the greatest inhibitory effect on ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ activity ($IC_{50}=14.0{\mu}g/ml$). Taken together, these results provided the in vitro evidence on the ACE, amylase and glucosidase inhibitory actions of E. ulmoides bark that form the pharmacological basis for its antihypertensive and antidiabetic action.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.877-884
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• 2005

A number of wogonin derivatives have been synthesized as congeners of wogonin and evaluated for their inhibitory activities of $PGE_2$ production. Wogonin derivatives modified at the B ring of wogonin were obtained from 2,4-Dihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyacetophenone (1) via several steps. Most wogonin derivatives exhibited much reduced inhibitory activities against COX-2 catalyzed $PGE_2$ production compared to that of wogonin. Alkylation of 5,7-phenol groups and substitution at the B ring of wogonin generally caused reduction of inhibitory activity.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.29-41
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• 2024

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to confirm the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-aging efficacy of Pyeonggangaeuljihyeol-tang(PGJT) extract. Methods : In order to confirm the anti-inflammatory activity of PGJT extract, the inhibitory effect on NO PGE₂ production were evaluated and the expression level of iNOS, COX-2 and IL-6 mRNA were measured through qRT-PCR, Antioxidant activity was evaluated for radical scavenging activity using DPPH and ABTS, anti-aging activity was evaulated for collagenase, elastase, tyrosinase and L-DOPA oxidation inhibitory activity. Results : PGJT extract shows anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the production of NO and PGE₂ by reducing the expression level of iNOS, COX-2 and IL-6 mRNA, antioxidant effect by increasing DPPH and ABTS scavenging abillity in a concentration dependent manner. In addition, the anti-aging effect was confirmed by inhibiting collagenase, elastase, tyrosinase production and L-DOPA oxidation. Conclusion : This suggests that PGJT showed an overall excellent anti-inflammatory effect and an inhibitory effect on the activity of antioxidant and anti-aging related enzymes.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.198-206
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• 2007

Hydroquinone is a toxic compound and a major benzene metabolite. We report that it strongly inhibits the activation of macrophages and associated cells. Thus, it suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-3, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-23], secretion of toxic molecules [nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)] and the activation and expression of CD29 as judged by cell-cell adhesion and surface staining experiments. The inhibition was due to the induction of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in LPS-activated macrophages, since blocking HO-1 activity with ZnPP, an HO-1 specific inhibitor, abolished hydroquinone's NO inhibitory activity. In addition, hydroquinone and inhibitors (wortmannin and LY294002) of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway had very similar inhibitory effects on LPS-induced and CD29-mediated macrophage responses, including the phoshorylation of Akt. Therefore, our data suggest that hydroquinone inhibits macrophage-mediated immune responses by modulating intracellular signaling and protective mechanisms.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.115-119
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• 2007

To discover the sources with antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities in Korean traditional medicines, 10 extract of medicinal plants were screened for their potential to scavenge stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, inhibit hydroxyl radical (${\cdot}OH$), total phenolic content, and inhibition of tyrosinase. The potency of DPPH radical scavenging activity was shown in the extract of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica Nakai that has a greater effect with $IC_{50}$ values of $6.49{\pm}5.43{\mu}g/mL$, than BHA ($IC_{50}=20.99{\pm}0.74{\mu}g/mL$), L-ascorbic acid $(IC_{50}=20.59{\pm}1.06{\mu}g/mL),\;and\;{\alpha}-tocopherol\;(IC_{50}=25.55{\pm}0.26{\mu}g/mL)$ as a positive control. The ${\cdot}OH$ scavenging activities were observed in the plants tested. Acanthopanax senticosus, Cirsium setiders, U. davidiana exhibited scavenging activity of more than 60% at $500{\mu}g/mL$. The scavenging activity(%) of BHA and a-tocopherol were 64.32 and 55.87% at $500{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The total phenolic content was determined, in order to assess its effect on the extract's antioxidant activity. The total phenoic content of $33.37{\pm}0.52mg/g$ was conformed by methanolic extract of U. davidiana. The U. davidiana and Morus bombycis exhibited tyrosinase inhibitory activity with a $34.28{\pm}1.32\;and\;75.57{\pm}1.10%$, respectively. In particular, M. bombycis has stronger tyrosinase inhibitory activity than albutin with $36.48{\pm}3.56%$ as a positive control. This work showed that the inhibitory abilities of Korean medicinal plants, such as U. davidiana and M. bombycis, on DPPH free radical, inhibit hydroxyl radical (${\cdot}OH$), and inhibition of tyrosinase and total phenolic content, can be useful in the prevention and treatment of free radical-relate disease. Investigations into further isolation of inhibitory principles of U. davidiana and M. bombycis are now in progress.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.63-71
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• 2010

Objectives: Gallic acid (GA) is the major component of tannin which could be easily founded in various natural materials such as green tea, red tea, grape juice, and Corni Fructus. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Gallic acid (GA) on production of interleukin (IL) in mouse macrophage Raw 264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: Productions of interleukins were measured by High-throughput Multiplex Bead based Assay with Bio-plex Suspension Array System based on $xMAP^{(R)}$ (multi-analyte profiling beads) technology. Firstly, cell culture supernatant was obtained after treatment with LPS and GA for 24 hour. Then, it was incubated with the antibody-conjugated beads for 30 minutes. And detection antibody was added and incubated for 30 minutes. And Strepavidin-conjugated Phycoerythrin (SAPE) was added. After incubation for 30 minutes, the level of SAPE fluorescence was analyzed on Bio-plex Suspension Array System and concentration of interleukin was determined. Results: The results of the experiment are as follows. 1. GA significantly inhibited the production of IL-3, IL-10, IL-12p40, and IL-17 in LPS-induced mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells at the concentration of 25, 50, 100, 200 uM (p<0.05). 2. GA significantly inhibited the production of IL-6 in LPS-induced mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells at the concentration of 50, 100, 200 uM (p<0.05). 3. GA diminished the production of some cytokine such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in LPS-induced mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. 4. GA did not show the inhibitory effect on the production of IL-$1{\alpha}$ and IL-9 in LPS-induced mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusions: These results suggest that GA has anti-inflammatory activity related with its inhibitory effects on the production of interleukins such as IL-3, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-17, and IL-6 in LPS-induced macrophages.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.653-658
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• 1996

As part of our search for less toxic antimicrobial agents from natural resources. rutin was isolated from Sophora japonica and then hydrolyzed to quercetin. Antimicrobial activity of quercetin was tested in vitro against five kinds of gram positive and ten kinds of gram negative bacteria by serial broth dilution method. Among fifteen kinds of bacteria tested, the antimicrobial activity of quercetin was the most potent against Proteus vulgaris showing minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of 125 ${\mu}$g/ml. To investigate the effect of antimicrobial combinations of quercetin with four kinds of antibiotics (ampicillin, cefazolin, oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol). the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) was determined by checkerboard assay for each strain. The antimicrobial combinations of quercetin with four kinds of antibiotics resulted in synergism in one instance, additive effect in four instances, but no antagonism was observed.