• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.87-92
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• 2009

In this study, we evaluated anti-oxidation and whitening effects of Ligularia stenocephala extract for use as the cosmeceuticals. L. stenocephala was extracted by three different solvents which was n-Hexane, ethyl acetate, $H_{2}O$. The free radical (1,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity of extract of L. stenocephala was in the order: ethyl acetate fraction of leaf ($IC_{50}$ value of 10.512ug/mL) > ethyl acetate fraction of stem ($IC_{50}$ value of 31.877ug/mL) > $H_{2}O$ fraction of leaf ($IC_{50}$ value of 129.194ug/mL). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity of extract of L. stenocephala was in the order: ethyl acetate fraction of leaf ($IC_{50}$ value of 0.230mg/mL) > ethyl acetate fraction of stem ($IC_{50}$ value of 0.528mg/mL) > $H_{2}O$ fraction of leaf ($IC_{50}$ value of 0.799mg/mL). Tyrosinase inhibition activity of L. stenocephala extracts was reduced 29.477% on ethyl acetate fraction of leaf, 13.583% on ethyl acetate fraction of stems. Therefore, L. stenocephala extracts may be useful as a new antioxidant and whitening agent to inhibit melanogenesis.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.110-112
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• 1995

A LOGIT transformation is a method to estimate IC50 values with two arbitrary concentration data when complete dose response curves(DRCs) are not available. We propose a modified LOGIT transformation (MLOGIT) which predicts IC50 values more accurately than the conventional LOGIT method.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.631-642
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• 2017

Protein hydrolysates derived from plants and animals having antioxidant, suppression of hypertension, immunodulatory, alleviation of pain, and antimicrobial activity has been known as playing important role like hormone. This study was performed to hydrolysis of Ogae egg white protein using the six proteases. The antioxidant activity of the produced peptides was analyzed. As a result, the maximum value of hydrolysis was protamex(46.3%), DPPH radical scavenging was bromelain(57.23%), hydroxy radical scavenging was alcalase(30.21%), superoxide radical scavenging was alcalase(58.07%), and $Fe^{2+}$ chelation ability was alcalase(72.06%). Furthermore, the antioxidant Inhibition concentration ($IC_{50}$) of peptides was evaluated for each enzyme. As a result, the maximum value of alcalase was $Fe^{2+}$ cheating ability($IC_{50}$, 1.24 mg/mL), bromelain was DPPH radical scavenging($IC_{50}$, 2.46 mg/mL), flavourzyme was $Fe^{2+}$ cheating ability($IC_{50}$, 1.25 mg/mL), neutrase was DPPH radical scavenging($IC_{50}$, 3.64 mg/mL), papain was DPPH radical scavenging ($IC_{50}$, 3.82 mg/mL) and protamex was DPPH radical scavenging($IC_{50}$, 1.93 mg/mL). Therefore, we expect that peptides produced from Ogae egg white protein using protease enzyme are useful as an antioxidant functional food ingredients.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 2014

Stem bark extracts of Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance were found to contain two major bioactive components, esculetin and esculin. Esculetin substantially inhibited melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells, with an $IC_{50}$ value of $2.8{\mu}M$, and reduced melanin synthesis in Melan-A cells. Moreover, esculetin suppressed melanin biosynthesis by inhibiting mushroom tyrosinase activity, with an $IC_{50}$ value of $40{\mu}M$. Taken together, these results suggest that esculetin could serve as an effective skin-lightening agent that inhibits melanin production by regulating the activity of melanogenic enzymes.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.652-658
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• 2012

This study was carried out to identify the ACE (Angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitory activity of casein hydrolysates for development of anti-hypertensive hydrolysates. Sodium caseinate was treated with six kinds of commercial proteases such as Flavourzyme, Protamex, Neutrase 1.5, Alcalase, Protease M, and Protease S for 8 h individually, and was then treated with the enzyme combination for 4 h at $45^{\circ}C$. The hydrolysate which had the highest ACE inhibitory effect was then hydrolysed successively with three digestive enzymes: pepsin, trypsin, and ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin, at $37^{\circ}C$ for 4 h under conditions mimicking those of the gastrointestinal tract. UF (ultra filtration) treatment was applied to one of the secondary hydrolysates to determine ACE inhibitory activity. When sodium caseinate was hydrolysed by commercial proteases, the degree of hydrolysis (DH) showed 2.54 to 4.25% and after secondary hydrolysis, DH showed 4.30 to 5.22%. ACE inhibitory activity and $IC_{50}$ values decreased, and inhibition rates increased during hydrolysis. Protamex treatment showed the lowest $IC_{50}$ value ($516{\mu}g/mL$) and Flavourzyme hydrolysate showed the highest $IC_{50}$value ($866{\mu}g/mL$). As the first hydrolysate was treated with Flavourzyme, the ACE inhibitory activity increased. Neutrase hydrolysate had the highest activity with an $IC_{50}$ value ($282{\mu}g/mL$). When Neutrase plus Flavourzyme treatment was hydrolyzed by digestive enzymes, the $IC_{50}$ value ($597{\mu}g/mL$) was decreased statistically (p<0.05). As Neutrase plus Flavourzyme hydrolysate is treated by UF with MW cut-off 10,000, permeate showed $273{\mu}g/mL$ of $IC_{50}$ value, showed no difference, but retentate which has over MW 10,000 showed statistically different $IC_{50}$ value, $635{\mu}g/mL$ (p<0.05).

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.68-72
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• 2016

To examine the possibility of using thiacremonone isolated from high-temperature-high-pressure treated garlic, this study investigated the physiological activities properties. The $IC_{50}$ values of hydroxyl, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide radical scavenging activities of thiacremonone were 92.50, 65.05, 12.60, and $81.53{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. On the other hand, the activities of vitamin C were 104.93, 99.43, 42.42, and $122.64{\mu}g/mL$, and the activities of butylated hydroxyanisole were 37.22, 68.45, 22.47, and $40.54{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The $IC_{50}$ value of ACE inhibition activities of thiacremonone and captoprill were 0.265 and $0.036{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The $IC_{50}$ value of xanthine oxidase inhibition activities of thiacremonone and allopurinol were 39.430 and $9.346{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The $IC_{50}$ value of tyrosinase inhibition activities of thiacremonone and kojic acid were 101.931 and $65.648{\mu}g/mL$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.673-682
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• 2017

Protein hydrolysates derived from plants and animals having antioxidant, suppression of hypertension, immunodulatory, alleviation of pain, and antimicrobial activity has been known as playing important role like hormone. This study was fractioned to hydrolysis of Ogae egg white protein using the ultrafiltration. The antioxidant activity of the produced peptides was analyzed. As a result, the maximum value of DPPH radical scavenging was 1 kDa(70.83 %), hydroxy radical scavenging was 5 kDa(47.01 %), superoxide anion radical scavenging was 5 kDa(40.57 %), and $Fe^{2+}$ chelation ability was 5 kDa(29.87 %). Furthermore, the antioxidant Inhibition concentration ($IC_{50}$) of peptides was evaluated for each fraction. As a result, the maximum value of HDS was superoxide anion radical scavenging($IC_{50}$, 5.42 mg/ml). 1 kDa was $Fe^{2+}$ chelation ability($IC_{50}$, 1.67 mg/ml), 5 kDa was $Fe^{2+}$ cheating ability($IC_{50}$, 2.09 mg/ml), 10 kDa was $Fe^{2+}$ cheating ability($IC_{50}$, 2.61 mg/ml), papain was $Fe^{2+}$ cheating ability($IC_{50}$, 4.53 mg/ml). Therefore, we expect that peptides produced from Ogae egg white protein using 5 kDa fraction are useful as an antioxidant functional food ingredients.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.578-584
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• 2021

In this study, we investigated the potential of 70% ethanol extracts from wild edible plants (Pueraria lobata sprout, Rosa multiflora sprout, Artemisia princeps leaf, Diospyros kaki leaf, Morus alba leaf, Robinia pseudoacacia flower, Inula britannica var. japonica flower), as natural antioxidants. The antioxidant contents and activities of extracts were examined using various methods. The measurements of total polyphenol content revealed that Rosa multiflora sprout extract had the highest value and total flavonoid content showed that Diospyros kaki leaf extract had the highest value. Antioxidant activities were the highest in Rosa multiflora sprout for DPPH (IC₅₀ 232.52 ㎍/mL), ABTS⁺ (IC₅₀ 470.10 ㎍/mL), superoxide^- (IC₅₀ 431.88 ㎍/mL), nitrite (IC₅₀ 363.38 ㎍/mL) scavenging activity, and reducing power (2.47 O.D.). These results suggest that the ethanolic extract of Rosa multiflora sprout is a potential source of natural antioxidants.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.274-280
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• 2014

Six compounds were isolated from the n-BuOH fraction of the aerial parts of Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus including: sambunigrin (1), prunasin (2), aruncide A (3), aruncide C (4), 1-O-caffeoyl-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranose (5), and caffeic acid (6). Their structures were confirmed by comparing the spectral data with those reported in the literature. The isolated compounds (1 - 6) were then examined for their cytotoxic effects towards MCF-7, HL-60, and HeLa cancer cell lines, as well as their DPPH radical scavenging activity. The results indicated that compound 4 possessed the strongest inhibitory effect toward HeLa cell line with $IC_{50}$ value of $5.38{\pm}0.92{\mu}M$. Compound 3 possessed selective cytotoxic activity on HL-60 cells with $IC_{50}$ value of $6.27{\pm}0.17{\mu}M$, compound 5 was found as the best in inhibiting proliferation with $IC_{50}$ value of $2.25{\pm}0.09{\mu}M$, and the other compounds showed significant inhibition with $IC_{50}$ values ranging from 6.10 to $11.27{\mu}M$. Compound 5 also displayed the strongest cytotoxic effect toward MCF-7 cell line ($IC_{50}$ $4.32{\pm}0.15{\mu}M$). Both 5 and 6 demonstrated strong radical scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$ $6.87{\pm}0.03$ and $4.33{\pm}0.22{\mu}M$, respectively). Compounds 1 and 5 were isolated for the first time from this plant.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.310-319
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• 2001

To compare skin irritation and cytotoxicity of anti-wrinkle agents, we examined skin irritation of six anti-wrinkle agents (ascorbic acid, glycolic acid, all trans-retinoic acid, ginseng extract, retinol, EB) in New Zealand white rabbit. Cytotoxicity of these agents was determined by MTT [tetrazolium salt 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] at multi-time points in cultured HaCaT cell, a human immortalized keratinocyte cell. We then analyzed correlation between skin irritation and cytotoxicity by spearman's rank correlation analysis. All trans-retinoic acid showed the highest primary irritation index (0.92) in skin irritation test. Being all the six agents not irritant, retinal showed the most cytotoxic agents. The correlation between skin irritation and cytotoxicity ($IC_{50}$/ at different time point was 0.814, 0.757, 0.814 and 0.7 at 3, 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. We also fecund that IC$_{20}$ and IC$_{80}$ of these agents showed similar correlation with skin irritation. These results therefore demonstrated that there is close correlation between skin irritation and cytotoxicity $IC_{50}$/ value by MTT in HaCaT cell at early time points by anti-wrinkle agents or IC$_{20}$ value. $IC_{50}$/ at earily time point or IC$_{20}$ values may be reliable alternative determinant of skin irritation.n.