• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.17 no.32
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• pp.255-266
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• 1994

This study does present things to suggest to foreign multinational corporation or domestic corporation through the empirical study on the standardization level. If we summary this study, it is as follows. In chapter I, we did institute the problems and explain the objects and methods and system of the study. In chapter II, we did explain the universality of the culture and international advertisement. Next, we did explain the background of doing specialization strategy and standardization strategy. Also we did study the previous study about the arguements for and against these. Lsat we did institute the hypothesises as follows. - Hypothesis 1 $H_0$ : The use of westerner appeal means has been increased than 11 years before and is able to increase continuously. - Hypothesis 2 $H_0$ : The use of westerner model and knowned has been increased than 11 years before and is able to increase continuously. - Hypothesis 3 $H_0$ : The use of the English language has been increased than 11 years before and is able to increase continuously. - Hypothesis 4 $H_0$ : The use of the west short piece and background has been increased than 11 years before and is able to increase continuously. In chapter III, we did refer to the method of this study. First, we did adjust the measure of standardization index, and we did work coding it, such after the two coder did check the freguency of the appeal meanstype about the advertisement of four daily report. Then we did select eight production as high involvement production and seven production as low involvement. We did test the coder's trust degree on the such sample to be selected through the 't-test' of the SAS statistic program and regression analysis through the spss/$pc^+$ statistic program to approve the this study's hypothesises. In chapter IV, we did analysis the results of the empirical study on the high or low involvement productions. First, the results of t-test to approve the coder's trust degree is that it is same statistically attentionly the distribution of the sample between coder at 10% attention level. Next, the results of the regression analysis on eight hypothesises are as fellows. In case of high involvement production we are able to speak that the use of the English language appeal among the eight appeals is only standardized. And incase of low involvement production, we are able to speak that the use of the hard-sell appeal among the eight appeds is only standardized. Therefore we did conclude that the standardization level of Korea newspaper advertisement is low. Also this suggests that it will do plan and do the specialzation strategy or localization strategy foreign multinational corporation or domestic corporation in Korea newspaper advertisement. In chapter V, we do present the boundary of this study and new study methods.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.700-705
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• 2009

Several studies have demonstrated that chlorophyll has many beneficial properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antioxidant properties. Chlorophyll has been also shown to have an excellent chemopreventive potential against skin tumor. Its preventive mechanism against skin tumor, however, has not been examined in detail. Furthermore, the effects of chlorophyll on UVB-induced cellular responses have not been investigated. Solar UV radiation, in particular its UVB component, is the primary cause of many adverse biological effects, which is responsible for the photoaging and skin cancer. We investigated the preventive effects of chlorophyll a on UVB-mediated responses in human immortalized HaCaT kerationocytes and normal human fibroblast. We found that treatment of chlorophyll a markedly inhibited UVB-induced generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. Chlorophyll a also prevented UVB-induced MMP-1 expression and MMP-2 activation and increased Type I pN collagen synthesis. These results suggest that chlorophyll a is a potent candidate for the prevention and treatment of UVB-induced skin cancer and photoaging.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.207-224
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• 2006

It has been widely known that the seismic piezo-cone penetration test (SCPTu) is one of the most useful techniques for investigating the geotechnical characteristics such as static and dynamic soil properties. As practical applications in Korea, SCPTu was carried out at two sites in Busan and four sites in Incheon, which are mainly composed of alluvial or marine soil deposits. From the SCPTu waveform data obtained from the testing sites, the first arrival times of shear waves and the corresponding time differences with depth were determined using the cross-over method, and the shear wave velocity $(V_S)$ profiles with depth were derived based on the refracted ray path method based on Snell's law. Comparing the determined $V_S$ profile with the cone tip resistance $(q_t)$ profile, both trends of profiles with depth were similar. For the application of the conventional CPTu to earthquake engineering practices, the correlations between $V_S$ and CPTu data were deduced based on the SCPTu results. For the empirical evaluation of $V_S$ for all soils together with clays and sands which are classified unambiguously in this study by the soil behavior type classification index $(I_C)$, the authors suggested the $V_S-CPTu$ data correlations expressed as a function of four parameters, $q_t,\;f_s,\;\sigma'_{v0}$ and $B_q$, determined by multiple statistical regression modeling. Despite the incompatible strain levels of the downhole seismic test during SCPTu and the conventional CPTu, it is shown that the $V_S-CPTu$ data correlations for all soils, clays and sands suggested in this study is applicable to the preliminary estimation of $V_S$ for the soil deposits at a part in Korea and is more reliable than the previous correlations proposed by other researchers.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.605-611
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• 2006

We have developed in-situ vacuum gauge calibration system in the range 1 Pa to 100 kPa by using constant volume method. The system is capable of gauge calibration by comparison method without demount the reference gauges. The system will be useful for dissemination of national vacuum standards to foreign developing countries and domestic industries.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.46-49
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• 2018

To improve in-field critical current densities ($J_c$) of $GdBa_2Cu_3O_{7-{\delta}}$ (GdBCO) coated conductors(CCs) fabricated by the reactive co-evaporation by deposition and reaction (RCE-DR) process, employing the nominal composition of Gd:Ba:Cu=1:1:2.5, we tried to refine the $Gd_2O_3$ particles trapped in the GdBCO superconducting matrix. For this purpose, we carefully selected the processing conditions on the stability phase diagram of GdBCO for this composition. By lowering the growth temperature of $Gd_2O_3$ in the liquid, we could refine the average particle size of $Gd_2O_3$ particles trapped in the GdBCO matrix and also achieve the zero-resistive transition temperatures ($T_{c,zero}$) of 92.3~94.2 K. Unfortunately, however, it was unsuccessful to achieve enhanced in-field $J_c$ values from these samples because of an air-contamination of the amorphous precursor film before its conversion into crystalline GdBCO film, suggesting that any exposure of the amorphous precursor film to air is fatal in obtaining high performance GdBCO CCs via the RCE-DR process.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.3-8
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• 1996

The settling charaderist~aU I flocculation of Dae-mynng kaolin were studicd by measurrng the electropharetic mnhilbty and the light transmittance of suspensions with various concentrations of floccul;mnts, hydragcn inn and ~ I ~ c t r ~ l y t e s . Isoelectric points of kaolin occurred at pH 3.2. The fine particle cnagulation of kaolin \\'as achieved must cffcctivcly a1 the isoelcctric points. The optinurn flocculation of Accofloc was occurred when thc concentration w;o 4 ppm. and thc coagulation became greater in thc order of an~onic,n al>~aniacn d catiomc. The flocculation of Accofloc(C-4S2) \\,as more effective lhan that of Superfloc(C-577) No cffeectiveness was found whcn NaCl was added, hut flocculations oi nonionic and anionic were more effective when NaCl and flacculants werc added.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.28-31
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• 2012

We report the solid-liquid phase equilibria on the $GdBa_2Cu_3O_{7-{\delta}}$ (GdBCO) stability phase diagram in low oxygen pressures ($PO_2$) ranging from 1 to 100 mTorr. On the basis of the GdBCO stability phase diagram experimentally determined in low oxygen pressures, the isothermal sections of three different phase fields on log $PO_2$ vs. 1/T diagram were schematically constructed within the $Gd_2O_3-Ba_2CuO_y-Cu_2O$ ternary system, and the solid-liquid phase equilibria in each phase field were described. The invariant points on the phase boundaries include the following three reactions; a pseudobinary peritectic reaction of $GdBCO{\leftrightarrow}Gd_2O_3$ + liquid ($L_1$), a ternary peritectic reaction of $GdBCO{\leftrightarrow}Gd_2O_3+GdBa_6Cu_3O_y$ + liquid ($L_2$), and a monotectic reaction of $L_1{\leftrightarrow}GdBa_6Cu_3O_y+L_2$. A conspicuous feature of the solid-liquid phase equilibria in low $PO_2$ regime (1 - 100 mTorr) is that the GdBCO phase is decomposed into $Gd_2O_3+L_1$ or $Gd_2O_3+GdBa_6Cu_3O_y+L_2$ rather than $Gd_2BaCuO_5+L$ well-known in high $PO_2$ like air.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.148-151
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• 2003

In order to achieve reliable but cost-effective crash simulations of stamped parts, sheet forming process effects were incorporated in simulations using the ideal forming theory mixed with the 3D hybrid membrane/shell method, while the subsequent crash simulations were carried out using a dynamic explicit finite element code. Example solutions performed for forming and crash simulations of I- and S-shaped rails verified that the proposed approach is cost-effective without sacrificing accuracy. The method required a significantly small amount of additional computation time, less than 3% for the specific examples, to incorporate sheet forming effects to crash simulations. As for the constitutive equation, the combined isotropic-kinematic hardening law and the non-quadratic anisotropic yield stress potential as well as its conjugate strain-rate potential were used to describe the anisotropy of AA6114-T4 aluminum alloy sheets.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.46
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• pp.133-158
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• 2010

Independent guarantee is a creation of the need from the both sides, i.e. the applicant (principal debtor) and the beneficiary (creditor). The former used to have to deposit cash in favor of the beneficiary in case of his default, which laid a burden on his liquidity while the latter still wanted to have the equivalent to cash. Independent guarantee satisfied the both parties by freeing the applicant of a deposit and maintaining the beneficiary's right at the same time. The fact that independent guarantee has three payment mechanisms is not widely known to the public. They are (i) payment on first demand, (ii) payment upon submission of third-party documents, (iii) payment upon submission of an arbitral or court decision. From the applicant's point of view, the order in his favor is (iii), followed by (ii) and (i). As there shouldn't be a case where one party is at a disadvantage against the other, useful insight is being sought for the benefit of the applicant. First, the applicant can offer his intention to provide a payment mechanism (ii) or (iii) rather than (i) if he must deliver it. Second, if the beneficiary still wants to have (i) and the applicant is in a position not to reject it, the latter should thoroughly check any provisions that may work against him later. Third, the applicant could use counterbalancing provisions in underlying contract to cope with protective clauses in the guarantees. Forth, the applicant should review the beneficiary's sincerity to prevent unfair calling risks. The applicant may use an ECA(Export Credit Agency) in his country to which he can transfer not only unfair calling risks, but also political risks. On the other hand, a bank needs to keep the following advice in mind. The foremost important thing for the bank not to forget is that it provides a guarantee as a service provider, not as a responsible party for the feasibility of the project, etc. Credit risk of the applicant should require the greatest attention when issuing a guarantee: the bank should look into the possibility that it can procure immediate reimbursement from its customers after payment to the beneficiary. Second, the applicant's ability to complete the project should be reviewed by checking its track records, techniques and reputation, etc. Third, the bank may also use an ECA to cover the beneficiary's unfair calling risks as well as political risks. In the case of Korea, as Korea Export Insurance Corporation(KEIC) can cover all the risks mentioned above, the bank could use its service called 'Export Bond Insurance.' What's better for the bank is that ECA cover can enhance the bank's asset quality by putting it zero on its risk weighted asset.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.471-477
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• 1997

A study detennined whether certain biochemical and physiological variables were altered during marginal Zn deficiency. Ten weaned crossbred Hereford Angus heifer calves, weighing $163{\pm}2kg$, were utilized. Five calves were fed a Zn - deficient (- Zn) brome-alfalfa hay diet containing 17 mg Zn/kg diet DM, and five calves were fed a Zn-adequate (+Zn) diet with 23 mg Zn/kg diet DM from $ZnSO_4$ added to the - Zn diet (total diet, 40 mg Zn/kg diet DM), for 32 d. At 21 d the - Zn calves had a reduction (p < .05) in feed efficiency. By 25 d, plasma Zn and alkaline phosphatase concentrations were reduced (p < .05) in the - Zn calves. Blood urea nitrogen, glucose, insulin, IGF-I, Cu plasma concentration and Zn and Cu concentrations of red blood cell (RBC) and liver were not altered (p > .05) by the - Zn diet through 25 d. In response to a single i. m. injection of dexamethasone (20 mg) on d 25, calves fed the two dietary Zn amounts showed no changes (p > .05) in plasma or RBC Zn and Cu concentrations, serum IGF-I, insulin, and glucose when measured at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after injection. In response to an intradermal injection of phytohemagglutinin on d 30, cell mediated immune (CMI) response was reduced (p < .05) in the - Zn calves. These observations indicate that during a marginal Zn deficiency in calves, there was a decrease in feed efficiency, plasma Zn, serum alkaline phosphatase, and CMI response.