• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2010.03b
• /
• pp.43-43
• /
• 2010

we have investigated the field emission characteristics of the CNT/TEOS hybrid thin films fabricated by a spray method. It is found that the CNT/TEOS hybrid emitters show high current density, low turn on field, and long-term emission stability compared to the CNT emitters. These efficient field emission characteristics of the CNT/TEOS hybrid emitters are attributed to the TEOS sol, acting as a protection layer of nanotube emitter by surrounding the nanotube tip as well as a binder material to enhance the adhesion of nanotube emitters to the substrate. Therefore, the CNT/TEOS hybrid emitters could be utilized as an alternative for the efficient and reliable field emitters.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.154-160
• /
• 2006

Instantaneous reaction and intelligence are required for autonomous mobile robots to achieve multiple goals in the unpredictable and dynamic environments. Design of the appropriate control architecture and clear definitions of systems are needed to construct and control these robots. This research proposes the hybrid deliberative/reactive control architecture which consists of three layers and uses the method of software structure design. The highest layer, Deliberative Layer makes the overall run-time schedule for navigation and/or manipulation, and the middle layer, Task Execution Layer carries out various missions. The lowest layer, Reactive Layer enables a robot to react rapidly in the dynamic environment and controls the mechanical devices concurrently. This paper proposes independent system supervisors called Manager to reuse the modules so that the Manager supports common use of the system and multi-processing tasks. It is shown that the mobile robot based on the proposed control scheme can perform the basic navigation and cope with the dynamic obstacles reasonably well.

• Journal of Information Display
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.16-18
• /
• 2005

Hybrid insulator pentacene thin film transistors (TFTs) are fabricated with thermally grown oxide and cross-linked polyvinylalcohol (PVA) including surface treatment by dilute ploymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) layer on $n^+$ doped silicon wafer. Through the optimization of $SiO_2$ layer thickness in hybrid insulator structure, carrier mobility is increased to more than 35 times than that of the TFT which has only a gate insulator of $SiO_2$ at the same electric field. The carrier mobility of $1.80cm^2$/V-s, subthreshold swing of 1.81 V/decade, and $I_{on}/I_{off}$ current ratio> $1.10{\times}10^5$ are obtained less than -30 V bias condition. The result is one of the best reported performances of pentacene TFTs with hybrid insulator including cross-linked PVA layer as a gate insulator at relatively low voltage operation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.200-207
• /
• 2001

In this paper, we propose an HMM(Hidden Markov modeJ)-MLP(Multi-layer perceptron) hybrid model for recognizing legal words on the English bank check. We adopt an explicit segmentation-based word level architecture to implement an HMM engine with nonscaled and non-normalized symbol vectors. We also introduce an MLP for implicit segmentation-based word recognition. The final recognition model consists of a hybrid combination of the HMM and MLP with a new hybrid probability measure. The main contributions of this model are a novel design of the segmentation-based variable length HMMs and an efficient method of combining two heterogeneous recognition engines. ExperimenLs have been conducted using the legal word database of CENPARMI with encouraging results.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.1993-1998
• /
• 2011

Semiconductor industry needs to have fine patterns in order to fabricate the high density integrated circuit. For nano-scale patterns, hard-mask is used to multi-layer structure which is formed by CVD (chemical vaporized deposition) process. In this work, we prepared single-layer hard-mask by using organic-inorganic hybrid polymer for spin-on process. The inorganic part of hard-mask was much easier etching than photo resist layer. Beside, the organic part of hard-mask was much harder etching than substrate layer. We characterized the optical and morphological properties to the hard mask films using organic-inorganic hybrid polymer, and then etch rate of photo resist layer and hard-mask film were compared. The hybrid polymer prepared from organic and inorganic materials was found to be useful hard-mask film to form the nano-patterns.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.111-116
• /
• 2012

Oblique angle deposition (OAD) is a physical vapor deposition method which utilizes non-normal angles between the substrate and the vaporizing source. It has been known that tilting the substrate changes the properties of the film deposited on it, which was thought to be a result of morphological change of the film. In this study, OAD has been applied to prepare single and multilayer Al films by magnetron sputtering. The magnetron sputtering source of 4 inch diameter was used to deposit the films. Al films have been deposited on Si wafers and cold-rolled steel sheets. The multilayer films were prepared by changing the tilting angle upside down at each layer interval, which means that when the first layer was deposited at an angle of $+45^{\circ}$, the second layer was deposited at an angle of $-45^{\circ}$, and vice versa. The microstructure, surface roughness and reflectance of the films were investigated using a scanning electron microscope, a surface profiler and a spectrophotometer, respectively. The corrosion resistance was measured and compared using the salt spray test. The single layer film prepared at an oblique angle of $60^{\circ}$ prepared at other angles. However, for the multilayer films, the film prepared at an oblique angle of $45^{\circ}$ showed the most compact and featureless structure. The multilayer films were found to exhibit higher corrosion resistance than the single layer films.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.463-486
• /
• 1995

The effect of moistening and air-drying of acid-conditioned dentin before priming on the formation of resin-dentin hybrid zone was investigated, Freshly extracted human molars were used and divided at random into 5 groups, Groups 1 - 3 consisted of specimens conditioned with 10 % phosphoric acid for 20 seconds; Group 1 served as a control in which the conditioned dentin was simply blot-dried with a damp facial tissue; Group 2 was air dried for 30 seconds ; Group 3 was air dried for 30 seconds and immediately remoistened for 10 seconds with air-water syringe. and then the specimen was blot-dried with a damp facial tissue. Groups 4-5 were not acid conditioned ; In group 4, the smear layer on the dentin was blot dried before primer placement; Group 5 was air dried only for 30 seconds, The acetone-based primer and bonding agent of All Bond 2 (Bisco. Inc., USA) and composite resin (Z-100, 3M Dental products, USA) were applied for acid conditioned dentin and non-conditioned dentin. The morphologic ultrastructure of resin-dentin hybrid zone was examined by the use of SEM and TEM. and the existence of inorganic material and analysis of Ca/P weight-percent ratio in the resin-dentin hybrid zone were revealed by the EDAX, The results were as follows : 1. In the moistened specimens from acid-conditioned groups, the resin penetrated about 3-$4{\mu}m$ into dentin and the denatured collagen smear layer was not present at the surface. The resin tag was formed to a thickeness of 3-$4{\mu}m$ at the upper part of dentinal tubule and compactively connected to each other by means of many lateral branching. 2. In the air-dried specimens from acid-conditioned groups, the resin penetrated about 2.0-$2.5\;{\mu}m$ into dentin and an upper thin black layer to a thickness of 30-35nm was identified between adhesive resin and demineralized collagen layer. The resin tag to have a diameter of $2.5{\mu}m$ was formed at the upper part of dentinal tubule. However the funnel shape of the tag was not notable compared to the moistened specimens. 3. In the remoistened specimens from acid conditioned groups, the resin penetrated about 2.0-$2.5{\mu}m$ into dentin and an upper black layer was not present. The resin tag at the upper part of dentinal tubule was formed less than $2{\mu}m$ and was weakly connected to each other by means of few lateral branching. 4. In the non-conditioned groups, the smear layer was formed to a thickness of $0.5{\mu}m$ at dentin surface. However, the resin-dentin hybrid zone was not identified by TEM. The evidence of resin penetration into intertubular and intratubular dentin did not show. 5. All the acid-conditioned groups showed that the detected calcium and phosphorus weight percent ratios at the $2{\mu}m$ upper portion from the resin-dentin interface into the resin were much higher than that at the $2{\mu}m$ lower portion from the resin-dentin interface to dentin. (P<0.01).

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.637-640
• /
• 2011

The hybrid neural networks have characteristics such as fast learning times, generality, and simplicity, and are mainly used to classify learning data and to model non-linear systems. The middle layer of a hybrid neural network clusters the learning vectors by grouping homogenous vectors in the same cluster. In the clustering procedure, the homogeneity between learning vectors is represented as the distance between the vectors. Therefore, if the distances between a learning vector and all vectors in a cluster are smaller than a given constant radius, the learning vector is added to the cluster. However, the usage of a constant radius in clustering is the primary source of errors and therefore decreases the recognition success rate. To improve the recognition success rate, we proposed the enhanced hybrid network that organizes the middle layer effectively by using the enhanced ART1 network adjusting the vigilance parameter dynamically according to the similarity between patterns. The results of experiments on a large number of calling card images showed that the proposed algorithm greatly improves the character extraction and recognition compared with conventional recognition algorithms.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.36-42
• /
• 2007

A low-power compact driver for multistandard physical layer is presented. The proposed driver achieves low power and small area through the voltage-mode driver with trans-impedance configuration and the novel hybrid driver,. In the voltage-mode driver, a trans-impedance configuration alleviates the problem of limited common-mode range of error amplifiers and the area and power overhead due to pre-amplifier. For a standard with extended output swing, only current sources are added in parallel with the voltage-mode driver, which is named a 'hybrid driver'. The hybrid architecture not only increases output swing but reduces overall driver area. The overall driver occupies $0.14mm^2$. Power consumptions under 3.3-V supply are 24.5 mW for the voltage-mode driver and 44.5 mW for the hybrid driver.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2006.08a
• /
• pp.1115-1118
• /
• 2006

Using a thermally-crosslinkable organosiloxane-based organic-inorganic hybrid material, solution processable gate dielectric layer for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) have been fabricated. The hybrid dielectrics are synthesized by the sol-gel process, followed by the heat-treatment at $190{\bullet}\;.{\bullet}$ To investigate the electrical property of hybrid dielectric, leakage current behavior and capacitance were measured. To fabricate coplanar-type OTFTs, Au/Cr electrode was deposited onto the heavily doped silicon substrate with the organic-inorganic hybrid dielectric layer and then ${\alpha},{\omega}-dihexylquaterthiophene$ was drop-cast between source and drain electrical performance of the fabricated transistor.