• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.610-614
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• 2013

Massive intercalation of urea into montmorillonite (MUCH) was recently proposed to enhance urea use efficiency through smart suppression of emission of $NH_3$ and NOx. This study was to synthesize citrate-incorporated MUCH (Cit-MUCH) which can enhance suppression of $NH_3$ volatilization. The XRD pattern of Cit-MUCH was very similar to that of MUCH to indicate successful incorporation of citric acid into MUCH. Incorporation of citric acid was confirmed by the existence of $COO^-$ symmetric stretching vibration. During the initial 4 days after application, $NH_3$ volatilization from both bare and perilla-planted soils was much more suppressed by application of Cit-MUCH than MUCH. A peak volatilization rate decreased from 28.3 N mg $m^{-2}\;h^{-1}$ of MUCH-broadcasted soil to 22.2 N mg $m^{-2}\;h^{-1}$ of Cit-MUCH-broadcast soil. $NH_3$ volatilization was less in planted soil than bare soil for 72 hrs after application. These results showed that incorporation of citric acid led to increase in suppression of ammonia volatilization from urea-applied soils.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.497-499
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• 1999

Distribution analysis on natural habitats for the genus Calanthe in Mt. Halla of Cheju province revealed that C. discolor and C. sieboldii were found mostly in the range of 120~400 m and 300~600 m above the sea level, respectively. C. bicolor was found in 300~400 m where both C. discolor and C. sieboldii were overlapped. The present morphological assessments showed that C. discolor had the smallest sizes of leaves and floral parts, C. had the largest, while C. bicolor had the intermediate between the above mentioned two species. Flower colors of C. discolor were brownish red and simple white, and that of C. sieboldii was merely golden yellow, whereas C. bicolor had a diverse mixed colors originated from the other two species. The specific distribution of natural habitats and morphological characteristics of three Calanthe species led the suggestion that C. bicolor can be regarded as new species derived originally from natural hybridization between C. discolor and C. sieboldii.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1318-1330
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• 2010

The 21st century is the age when a sensational image has more explanatory power and can deliver a more powerful message than a message consisting of logical thinking. Powerful visual images create a big impact on many people throughout the world, overcoming linguistic barriers and even replacing language as a means of communication. In the fashion field, the concept and power of visual images within the new multimedia of the 21st century are becoming increasingly important. In recent years, other than the above methods, videos, movies and animation features have been produced directly to enhance visual effects and attempts are increasing to use these new tools as communication methods. This study focuses on animation contents that have been used in the fashion industry to overcome prejudice of luxury international brands that feature images that emphasize value, quality and heritage. The purpose of this study is to focus on the specific character of fashion animation in order to overview the concept of 21st video fashion communication and to show how the collection concept that includes color and detail places an emphasis on visual images. Analysis of previous research, theoretical research through literature and case study on Prada fashion animation led to the following conclusion. The common features of two different Prada fashion animation show that both animation have the following features in common : realism, dramatic impact and convergence for expression methods, and creativeness, hybrid and a happy ending for contents. Beginning with this study, I believe that various angles of interest and concern about communication in the fashion world, which is a social and cultural phenomenon that changes rapidly, can be will be looked at and learned from.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.343-352
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• 2010

A zirconia gel/polymer hybrid nanofiber was produced in a nonwoven fabric mode by electrospinning a sol derived from hydrolysis of zirconium butoxide with a polyvinyl butyral. Results indicated that the hydroxyl groups on the vinyl alcohol units in the backbone of the polymer were involved in the hydrolysis as well as grafting the hydrolyzed zirconium butoxide. In addition, use of acetic acid as a catalyst resulted in further hydrolysis and condensation in the sol, which led to the growth of -Zr-O-Zr- networks among the polymer chains. These networks gradually transformed into a crystalline zirconia structure upon heating. The as-spun fiber was smooth but partially wrinkled on the surface. The average fiber diameter was $690{\pm}110\;nm$. The fiber exhibited a strong but broad blue photoluminescence with its maximum intensity at a wavelength of ~410 nm at room temperature. When the fiber was heat-treated at $400^{\circ}C$, the fiber diameter shrunk to $250{\pm}60\;nm$. Nanocrystals which belonged to a tetragonal zirconia phase and were ~5 nm in size appeared. A strong white photoluminescence was observed in this fiber. This suggests that oxygen or carbon defects associated with the formation of the nanocrystals play a role in generating the photoluminescence. Further heating to $800^{\circ}C$ resulted in a monoclinic phase beginning to form In the heat-treated fibers, coloring occurred but varied depending on the heating temperature. Crystallization, coloring, and phase transition to the monoclinic structure influenced the photoluminescence. At $600^{\circ}C$, the fiber appeared to be fully crystallized to a tetragonal zirconia phase.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.892-899
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• 2005

Groundwater is naturally of excellent microbiological qualify and generally of adequate quality for drinking water use. However, recently, the impact of urbanization and intensification of agricultural production have led to serious deterioration in groundwater quality. The representative SOCs used in this study were trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE). Powdered activated carbon (PAC) is widely used for SOCs removal. The overall goal of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of using a hybrid use of PAC-UF and PAC-MF processes for treating groundwater contaminated with TCE and PCE. The results show that the flux decline rate was lower for the PAC-UF or PAC-MF process than for UF or MF only process. Therefore, applying PAC before UF or MF membrane filtration showed not only enhancing the removal of TCE and PCE, but also reducing membrane fouling.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.55-62
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• 1997

In Japan, the membrane filtration is becoming a common technology for municipal water supply system especially for small plant. 6 years before (1991), the national research project of membrane filtration for small plant has started. The project was named as "MAC 21", MEMBRANE AQUA CENTURY 21. In the project the Ministry of Health and Welfare, 8 universities and 18 water treatment plant companies have been involved. This was the first attempt to research a common theme in joint with government, universities and private companies. After three years, the guide line for membrane filtration application for small plant has been established. This has promoted to install some actual plant. And also, another joint research for "RESEARCH OF MEMBRANE FILTRATION FOR ADVANCED WATER TREATMENT" has started in 1994 and completed in March, 1997. The project was named as MAC21. In the former project the main objectives were removal of turbidity and bacteria from water. However, in new project the objective was establishment of the further advanced membrane filtration technology which would be applicable for trace chemical components removal such as tri-halo-methane pre-courser, agricultural chemicals removal, offensive smell and taste removal and virus removal. For the objectives, application of nanofiltration and hybrid-system, a combination of micro-filtration ultra-filtration with biological, ozone and activated carbon treatment process have been studied. In addition, application of membrane filtration for treatment of back-wash waste water originated from membrane filters and conventional sand filters has.been studied. At the end of March of this year, about 30 membrane filtration plants are actually supplying the water, the total treatment capacity is about 6,000 m$^{3}$/day and another 20 will be installed within one year.led within one year.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.614-622
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• 2014

Melons (Cucumis melo L.) are generally grafted onto Cucurbita rootstocks to manage soilborne pathogens such as Monosporascus root rot and v ine decline (MRR/VD) and Fusarium wilt. However, g rafting onto Cucurbita rootstocks reportedly results in the reduction of fruit quality. In this study, the resistance to MRR/VD, yield, and fruit quality of melons grafted onto melon rootstocks were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Eight melon rootstocks (R1 to R8) were used and the inodorus melon 'Homerunstar' was used as scion. Melon rootstocks R1 to R6 were selected based on resistance to MRR/VD under greenhouse conditions. Non-grafted 'Homerunstar' and plants grafted onto squash interspecific hybrid 'Shintozwa' rootstock (Cucurbita maxima D. ${\times}$ C. moschata D.) served as controls. Grafted melons were cultivated in the greenhouse infested with Monosporascus cannonballus during two growing seasons (summer and autumn). The responses to MRR/VD, yield, and fruit quality differed depending on the rootstocks and growing season. The melons grafted onto 'Shintozwa' exhibited less severe disease symptoms and higher survival rates than non-grafted melons in both seasons. While the melon rootstocks in the summer cultivation did not increase the survival rate compared to non-grafted melons, the melon rootstocks R1 and R2 in the autumn cultivation led to higher survival rates. The melon rootstocks resistant to MRR/VD increased the percentage of marketable fruits and marketable yields. Grafting onto the melon rootstocks caused little or no reduction of fruit quality such as low calcium content, fruit softening, and vitrescence, especially in lower-temperature autumn season. Accordingly, these results suggest that grafting onto the melon rootstocks may increase the tolerance to MRR/VD and the marketable yield without a reduction of fruit quality.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.105-122
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• 2012

This paper proposes a fuzzy-based AHP model by which the greenhouse gas reduction for container terminal problem was systematically structured and then evaluated. The model was established by exploiting a fuzzy theory and AHP for capturing the inexactness and vagueness of information. In this study, measurement areas were selected for equipment aspect, operating aspect, and energy aspect. The greenhouse gas reduction is the number one priority in the equipment aspect, operating aspect, energy aspect in order. The analysis result of equipment aspect reveals that the most important element is electrical T/C. The most important element of operating and energy aspect were a container rehandling and a LED lighting. As for the whole priority which conversion weight was applied, the results were shown as follows: an electrical T/C(16.2%) as the first rank: a hybrid Y/T(14.4%) as the second rank: a AMP(10.6%) as the third rank. The result of this study suggests some guidelines for deciding priority of greenhouse gas reduction for container terminal.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2020

This study discussed 'inclusive growth', which recently has gained attention as the 4th Industrial Revolution spreads, and considered innovative growth as a requirement for inclusive growth. Combining inclusiveness and innovativeness, a new concept of 'Digital New Deal' is suggested. Specifically, the new market creation strategy through digital transformation of existing industries and public sectors, and solving social problems were presented. It also analyzed problems of the past government-led top-down innovation drive and suggested the "Hybrid" approach as a new way of promoting digital New Deal. Finally, we looked at the 'job creation' effect, discussed the meaning of it in terms of inclusiveness and innovativeness, and proposed a policy alternatives to create lasting effects.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.48-69
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• 2003

Colonialism heretofore described merely as a political economic phenomenon denotes another aspect, namely, an ecological imperialism that accompanies the biological implantation of human beings, crops, weeds, domestic animals, and pathogens onto colonized lands. Foremost, the Korean Peninsula during the colonial period served as a testing ground for the transplanted Japanese varieties of rice. Near the mid-1940s, the new varieties came to dominate over 90% of cultivated rice paddy. The speedy diffusion of transplanted rice was attributable to the aggressive promotion of agricultural institutions led by the Institute of Agricultural Tests and Experiments. Various policies and tactics were also instrumental to the nationwide distribution of new varieties, and they included naming recommended varieties, sponsoring rice contests, establishing crop inspection offices, educating young farmers at training camps, and publishing newsletters for agricultural societies. The forward and backward linkages that came along with the new varieties of transplanted rice helped to consolidate colonial status quo and to create hybrid agricultural landscapes in the Korean countryside.