• 한국조경학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.68-81
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• 2005

The styles of contemporary landscape design have diversified since the emergence of Postmodernism in landscape architecture. The diversification was mostly influenced by contemporary fine arts and architecture. This study examines the pluralistic development of Postmodern landscape design through the investigation of the influences from those sister arts. In this point of view, the main approaches of Postmodern landscape design are thought to be classified into three categories;'the formal abstract approach', 'the figurative approach' and 'the new picturesque approach'. The first category of the formal abstract approach was formulated with the concepts and vocabulary of Minimal Art and Installation Art. Its representative icons such as 'point grids' and 'stripes', and the main concepts such as the sense of 'flahess', 'expansion' and 'materiality' are mostly thought to be originated from these art forms. The second category of the figurative approach is characterised by the concepts and vocabulary of Pop Art and New Image Paintings. Its representative icons such as 'map' or 'figurative forms' and main concepts like the sense of 'reality', 'context' and 'symbolism' are mostly thought to be originated from these art forms. The third category of the new picturesque approach was formulated with the concepts and vocabulary of Land Art and Late Deconstructive Architecture. Its representative icons such as 'hybrid', 'layer' and 'fold', and the main concepts such as the sense of 'complexity', 'continuity' and 'reversibility' are thought to be originated from these art forms. The research shows that the main stream of contemporary landscape design seems to be gradually moving toward the second and third approach above, in step with the cultural orientation and the dynamism of contemporary urban life. Therefore, the study focused especially on the new picturesque approach which would be in greater need for coping with the hybrid culture today.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2024

P2P와 클라우드 컴퓨팅의 기술적 장점이 결합된 하이브리드 구조에서는 효율적인 자원의 공급과 부하의 배분이 가능하다. 즉 P2P를 구성하는 플레이어들의 처리 능력과 클라우드 컴퓨팅 환경에 있는 서버의 처리 능력을 적절하게 활용함으로써 경제적 비용과 서비스 품질의 규모를 고려하는 MMOG를 구성할 수 있다. 실제로 클라우드에 존재하는 서버의 컴퓨팅 능력과 통신 대역폭은 중요한 요구형 자원이며 임차를 많이 할수록 비용이 증가하는 대신 서비스 품질은 향상된다. 반면 플레이어의 처리 능력을 많이 활용하면 서비스 품질은 상대적으로 저하되는 대신 경제적 비용은 감소하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 하이브리드 구조 기반의 MMOG를 위한 서버와 플레이어들 간의 대역폭 조정 기법이 기술된다. 동시에 실행되는 플레이어들의 수가 증가할 때 플레이어들의 요청 행위를 서버와 플레이어들에게 적절히 분배하여 서버의 컴퓨팅 능력과 통신량을 효과적으로 활용하는 기법이 본 논문에서 기술된다. 시뮬레이션 결과 클라우드와 P2P 하이브리드 구조에 기반한 MMORPG에서 플레이어들이 직접 처리하는 대역폭이 증가할수록 서버의 대역폭이 비례하여 감소되는 결과가 나타났다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.124-139
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• 2016

본 연구는 조경수용 무궁화 우수품종 보급을 위한 유전자원 수집과 특성을 평가하기 위해 최근 국내외에서 육성된 127품종의 1년생 접목묘를 이용하여 2014년부터 2015년까지 2년 동안 생육 및 형태적 특성조사를 실시하였다. 수집된 품종 중 화색 및 꽃이 특이한 품종을 조사하여 무궁화를 조경수로 활용도를 높이는데 기여하고자 하였으며 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 최근 국내외에서 육성된 품종들의 화색별 분류로는 크게 분홍색 단심(pink color with red eye spot), 흰색 단심(white color with red eye spot), 붉은 자주색 단심(purplish red color with red eye spot), 분홍보라색 단심(violet pink color with red eye spot), 심홍색 단심(crimson color with red eye spot), 흰색 바탕에 붉은색 무늬의 이중색(asadal), 흰색(white color), 푸른색(blue color) 등 총 8종류로 분류되었다. 화색이 붉은 자주색으로서 적색이 강한 꽃으로 국내에서 육성된 품종으로 '광명', '난파', '노스페이스', '불새', '비단', '송암', '영창', '적퍼소', '키호', '탐라', '화수레드', '환희' 등이 있었으며, 국외에서 육성되어 국내에 도입된 품종으로는 'Aphrodite', 'Dr. Uemoto', 'Freedom', 'Pink Cup', 'PS 80-1', 'Purpureus Variegatus', 'Red Giant', 'Woodbridge' 등이 있었다. 화색이 분홍보라색으로서 특이한 품종으로는 '꼬마', '도투락', '명미', '병화', '산처녀', '태화', 'Hikari-hanagasa', 'Little Kim Violet' 등이 있었다. 화색이 심홍색으로 기존의 꽃에서는 볼 수 없는 특이한 품종으로 '종무'와 'Ruffled Satin' 등이 있었다. 최근 국내외에서 육성된 품종중 조경수용 소재로 보급할 수 있는 품종중 기존 품종에 비해 꽃의 크기가 큰 품종으로 무궁화 종간교잡종인 Hibiscus hybrid 'Daewangchun', 'Daeil', 'Jina' 등이 있었다. 반면 꽃이 작고 조경적 가치가 높은 품종으로 '꼬마', '미백', '안동', '릴킴', '은하수' 등이 있었다. 백단심계 무궁화 '꼬마' 품종은 수고가 작은 왜성형으로 꽃의 크기가 5.2cm로 작은 소형화 품종으로 나타났다. 기존 품종에 비해 단심의 길이가 긴 품종으로 '훈장'과 '하이리레드'가 있었다. 홍단심계 무궁화 '훈장'은 꽃의 크기는 12.0cm로 중간크기이나 단심길이는 4.8cm로 지금까지 육성된 품종중 가장 긴 품종이었다. 또한 홍단심계 무궁화 '하이리레드'의 단심길이 역시 4.2cm로 꽃잎 길이에 비해 단심의 길이가 길어 조경적 가치가 높은 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.746-751
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• 2004

Demands for higher productivity in container terminal environments continues to escalate consideration of equipment upgrades. And then transportation of containers using the automated container crane becomes more and more important for productivity enhancements. Introducing a hybrid control architecture to the container crane, it provides a effective means to the automated operation of the container crane. This paper addresses the methodology for automation of container cranes. In addition, this paper proposes a new control architecture for the automated container crane and explains each component of that architecture. The control architecture is composed of a deliberative control layer, a sequencing layer, and a reactive control layer. The proposed architecture is applied to a dual-hoist double-trolley container crane.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.925-946
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• 2015

This paper presents a new cost-effective hybrid GFRP-Concrete deck system that the GFRP panel serves as both tensile reinforcement and stay-in-place form. In order to understand the fatigue behavior of such hybrid deck, fatigue test on a full-scale specimen under sagging moment was conducted, and a series of static tests were also carried out after certain repeated loading cycles. The fatigue test results indicated that such hybrid deck has a good fatigue performance even after 3.1 million repeated loading cycles. A three-dimensional finite element model of the hybrid deck was established based on experimental work. The results from finite element analyses are in good agreement with those from the tests. In addition, flexural fatigue analysis considering the reduction in flexural stiffness and modulus under cyclic loading was carried out. The predicted flexural strength agreed well with the analytical strength from finite element simulation, and the calculated fatigue failure cycle was consistent with the result based on related S-N curve and finite element analyses. However, the flexural fatigue analytical results tended to be conservative compared to the tested results in safety side. The presented overall investigation may provide reference for the design and construction of such hybrid deck system.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

In many image processing tasks, connected component labeling (CCL) is performed to extract regions of interest. CCL was usually done in a sequential fashion when image resolution was relatively low and there are small number of input channels. As image resolution gets higher up to HD or Full HD and as the number of input channels increases, sequential CCL is too time-consuming to be used in real time applications. To cope with this situation, parallel CCL framework was introduced where multiple cores are utilized simultaneously. Several parallel CCL methods have been proposed in the literature. Among them are NSZ label equivalence (NSZ-LE) method[1], modified 8 directional label selection (M8DLS) method[2], and HYBRID1 method[3]. Soh [3] showed that HYBRID1 outperforms NSZ-LE and M8DLS, and argued that HYBRID1 is by far the best. In this paper we propose an improved hybrid parallel CCL algorithm termed as HYBRID2 that hybridizes M8DLS with label backtracking (LB) and show that it runs around 20% faster than HYBRID1 for various kinds of images.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.399-409
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• 2019

This paper presents the experimental investigations on the seismic performance of a peculiar steel-concrete vertical hybrid structural system referred to as steel truss-RC tubular column hybrid structure. It is typically applied as the supporting structural system to house air-cooled condensers in thermal power plants (TPPs). Firstly, pseudo-dynamic tests (PDTs) are performed on a scaled substructure to investigate the seismic performance of this hybrid structure under different hazard levels. The deformation performance, deterioration behavior and energy dissipation characteristics are analyzed. Then, a cyclic loading test is conducted after the final loading case of PDTs to verify the ultimate seismic resistant capacity of this hybrid structure. Finally, the failure mechanism is discussed through mechanical analysis based on the test results. The research results indicate that the steel truss-RC tubular column hybrid structure is an anti-seismic structural system with single-fortification line. RC tubular columns are the main energy dissipated components. The truss-to-column connections are the structural weak parts. In general, it has good ductile performance to satisfy the seismic design requirements in high-intensity earthquake regions.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.355-363
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• 2013

Panel methods are essential tools for analyzing a fluid-flow problem around complex three dimensional bodies, but they lack ability to solve viscous effects. On the other hand, CFD methods are considered as powerful tools for analyzing fluid-flow characteristics including viscosity. However, they also have short falls, requiring more computing time and showing different results depending on the selection of turbulence models and grid systems. In this paper a hybrid scheme combining a panel method and a CFD method is suggested. The scheme adopts a panel method for far-field solution where viscous effects are negligible and a CFD method for the solution of RANS equations in near-field where viscous effects are relatively strong. The intermediate region between the far-field and near-field is introduced where the calculated field point velocities by the panel method are given as boundary velocities for the CFD method. To verify the scheme, calculated results, by a panel method, a CFD method and the hybrid scheme, for a two dimensional foil section are compared. The suggested hybrid scheme gives reasonable results, while computation time and memory can be dramatically reduced. By using the hybrid scheme efforts can be concentrated for the local flow near the leading and trailing edges, by providing more dense grid system, where detailed flow characteristics are required.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2003

Aim of this article is to propose Micro-Genetic Simulated Annealing (${\mu}GSA$) as a hybrid metaheuristics approach to find the global optimum of nonlinear optimisation problems. This approach combines the features of modern metaheuristics such as micro-genetic algorithm (${\mu}GAs$) and simulated annealing (SA) with the general robustness of parallel exploration and asymptotic convergence, respectively. Therefore, ${\mu}GSA$ approach can help in avoiding the premature convergence and can search for better global solution, because of its wide spread applicability, global perspective and inherent parallelism. For the superior performance of the ${\mu}GSA$, the five well-know benchmark test functions that were tested and compared with the two global optimisation approaches: scatter search (SS) and hybrid scatter genetic tabu (HSGT) approach. A practical application to structural sandwich panel is also examined by optimism the weight function. From the simulation results, it has been concluded that the proposed ${\mu}GSA$ approach is an effective optimisation tool for soloing continuous nonlinear global optimisation problems in suitable computational time frame.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.379-388
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• 2008

A hybrid Cartesian/immersed boundary code is expanded to simulate flow field around a three-dimensional body which undergoes large dynamic deformation. Immersed boundary nodes are automatically distributed based on the edges crossing triangles on body boundary. Velocity vectors are reconstructed at those immersed boundary nodes along local normal lines to the boundary. The reconstruction of pressure is avoided using the hybrid staggered/non-staggered grid method. The developed code is validated through comparisons with other results on laminar flow over a sphere. The code is applied to simulate flow around a foil which is attached to a body of revolution and rotates under periodic deformation. The periodic variation of the tip vortex is observed and the effects of the deformation on hydrodynamic force acting on the body are investigated.