• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.123-133
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• 1971

The author is the first man who tried to use an anesthetic on insect specially for silkworm in orde to evaluate the silkworm health and silk yielding ability and the obtained results are as followings. 1. The necessary ether vapor induction for narcosis on silkworms is varied by the glowth of the silkworm which the larger worm is, the longer induction is required. For instance, it was 2∼3 minutes for the worms of third day fifth instar silkworm in case use of ether anesthetic. 2. The longer anesthetic induction for silkworms, the longer recovery needs from anesthesia. In case five minutes ether vapor induction, silkworms recovered narcosis during in 5∼130 minutes which had varied very much by the health variation. 3. The ether induction caused silkworm to vomit digestive juice from a few per cent of the worms, but the chloroform induction showed majority of the worms to vomit the digestive juice out of mouth. So, the ether was found as better anesthetic for silkworms. 4. When ether induction last more than 20∼30 minutes, the recovered silkworms can eat mulberry, but when it gets more than three hours they can not eat mulberry. And when it last more than ten minutes, the silkworm may eat mulberry leaf, but they can not spinn cocoon properly. 5. In case five minutes ether induction for silkworms on third day fifth instar, the stronger variety is, the rallier recovered from narcosis. 6. The recovering duration from narcosis varies regarding with each worm health which shows Poisson′s distribution even in a same variety silkworm. 7. The female worms recover from narcosis earlier than male worms which means the female worm is stronger than male one. 8. The later recovered silkworm from narcosis spinned more rich cocoon silk and ended with smaller pupae weight. Such a tendency showed until at some recovery duration, then the silk yield droped down on the worms recovered in more longer duration. The author (Choe) had named such a relation curve as "Silk Yield Curve against Silkworm Health." 9. The silk yield or cocoon layer ratio had varied from 13 to 27% even in a same worm varity cocoon which showed serious variation and call attention carefulness for the duplication work of a variety silkworm eggs. 10. Not always the rich silk yielding worm is the best worm during the silkworm selection and it should be considered with the silkworm health evaluation. 11. At present situation, only specific breeding expert is allowed to join in the selection service because of need many years experience by use of visual observation, but the ether anesthesia method may help such an evaluation with more accuracy and easy way even for the people in fresh on the field. 12. The effect of the narcosis on the silkworm for the next generation or hybrid worm will be reported in next publication.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to understand the meaning of clinical practice experience, including web-based simulation practice, in the context of the corona pandemic era. As for the research method, data were collected through a focus group interview on the experience of web-based simulation practice and subsequent clinical practice and analyzed by content analysis method. The contents of the two interview groups were analyzed, and the results were divided into 2 components, 7 topic groups, and 18 topics. The first component, the clinical practice, was divided into four topic groups: 'The anxious start of practice in a pandemic situation', 'Direct experience through various cases', 'Training opportunities to prepare as a future nurse', and 'The burden of performance and limited experience'. The second component, the web-based simulation practice, was divided into three topic groups: 'Unfinished nursing practice', 'Indirect experience of clinical nursing in virtual space', and 'Requirement of an integrated practice model'. Clinical practice is a very important part of the nursing education curriculum. However, the nursing that students can perform in the field is very limited. Therefore, to supplement the shortcomings of observation-oriented clinical practice and to increase the quality of practical education, it is necessary to consider a hybrid education model including web-based simulation practice.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.5B
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• pp.397-408
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• 2009

In this study, a stochastic precipitation generation framework for simultaneous simulation of daily precipitation at multiple sites is presented. The precipitation occurrence at individual sites is generated using hybrid-order Markov chain model which allows higher-order dependence for dry sequences. The precipitation amounts are reproduced using Anscombe residuals and gamma distributions. Multisite spatial correlations in the precipitation occurrence and amount series are represented with spatially correlated random numbers. The proposed model is applied for a network of 17 locations in the middle of Korean peninsular. Evaluation statistics are reported by generating 50 realizations of the precipitation of length equal to the observed record. The analysis of results show that the model reproduces wet day number, wet and dry day spell, and mean and standard deviation of wet day amount fairly well. However, mean values of 50 realizations of generated precipitation series yield around 23% Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) of the average value of observed maximum numbers of consecutive wet and dry days and 17% RMSE of the average value of observed annual maximum precipitations for return periods of 100 and 200 years. The provided model also reproduces spatial correlations in observed precipitation occurrence and amount series accurately.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.267-280
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• 2019

The hybrid phenomenon of pronunciation of K-Pop lyrics, which is the diction fusion phenomenon of lyrics, is not a strategic measure for an overseas expansion but a natural formation in the course of history of K-Pop. With the debut of Seo Tai-ji and Boys in 1992, the course of K-Pop changed and settled from ballad to dance music. After three years, the success of a hip hop dance music, 'Come Back Home', opened up a door to Korean Americans who ascertained the potential competitiveness of a hip hop music in K-Pop market. And the writer insists that such advance of Korean Americans into K-Pop market is the origin of the bilingual usage and diction fusion phenomenon of K-Pop lyrics. Therefore, this research will look into the pronunciation system of Korean and English in order to understand the bilingual pronunciation system shown in the lyrics sung by Korean American hip hop singers in the 1990s. Moreover, through Korean pronunciation system, this analysis will discover the main cause of continual acceptance and application of Korean American's broken Korean in the diction of lyrics. Last but not least, this exploration will show the correlation of English pronunciation method of Korean lyrics appeared in K-Pop and the diction of Korean lyrics used by Korean American hip hop singers in late 90s. This research will identify the primary cause of the diction fusion phenomenon in the course of history of K-Pop.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.384-394
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• 2024

Objective: To evaluate the image quality of novel dark-blood computed tomography angiography (CTA) imaging combined with deep learning reconstruction (DLR) compared to delayed-phase CTA images with hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR), to visualize the cervical artery wall in patients with Takayasu arteritis (TAK). Materials and Methods: This prospective study continuously recruited 53 patients with TAK (mean age: 33.8 ± 10.2 years; 49 females) between January and July 2022 who underwent head-neck CTA scans. The arterial- and delayed-phase images were reconstructed using HIR and DLR. Subtracted images of the arterial-phase from the delayed-phase were then added to the original delayed-phase using a denoising filter to generate the final-dark-blood images. Qualitative image quality scores and quantitative parameters were obtained and compared among the three groups of images: Delayed-HIR, Dark-blood-HIR, and Dark-blood-DLR. Results: Compared to Delayed-HIR, Dark-blood-HIR images demonstrated higher qualitative scores in terms of vascular wall visualization and diagnostic confidence index (all P < 0.001). These qualitative scores further improved after applying DLR (Dark-blood-DLR compared to Dark-blood-HIR, all P < 0.001). Dark-blood DLR also showed higher scores for overall image noise than Dark-blood-HIR (P < 0.001). In the quantitative analysis, the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) values between the vessel wall and lumen for the bilateral common carotid arteries and brachiocephalic trunk were significantly higher on Dark-blood-HIR images than on Delayed-HIR images (all P < 0.05). The CNR values were significantly higher for Dark-blood-DLR than for Dark-blood-HIR in all cervical arteries (all P < 0.001). Conclusion: Compared with Delayed-HIR CTA, the dark-blood method combined with DLR improved CTA image quality and enhanced visualization of the cervical artery wall in patients with TAK.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.1345-1354
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• 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify candidate genes that play important roles in skeletal muscle development in ducks. Methods: In this study, we investigated the transcriptional sequencing of embryonic pectoral muscles from two specialized lines: Liancheng white ducks (female) and Cherry valley ducks (male) hybrid Line A (LCA) and Line C (LCC) ducks. In addition, prediction of target genes for the differentially expressed mRNAs was conducted and the enriched gene ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes signaling pathways were further analyzed. Finally, a protein-to-protein interaction network was analyzed by using the target genes to gain insights into their potential functional association. Results: A total of 1,428 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with 762 being up-regulated genes and 666 being down-regulated genes in pectoral muscle of LCA and LCC ducks identified by RNA-seq (p<0.05). Meanwhile, 23 GO terms in the down-regulated genes and 75 GO terms in up-regulated genes were significantly enriched (p<0.05). Furthermore, the top 5 most enriched pathways were ECM-receptor interaction, fatty acid degradation, pyruvate degradation, PPAR signaling pathway, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Finally, the candidate genes including integrin b3 (Itgb3), pyruvate kinase M1/2 (Pkm), insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1), glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Gpi), GABA type A receptor-associated protein-like 1 (Gabarapl1), and thyroid hormone receptor beta (Thrb) showed the most expression difference, and then were selected to verification by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The result of qRT-PCR was consistent with that of transcriptome sequencing. Conclusion: This study provided information of molecular mechanisms underlying the developmental differences in skeletal muscles between specialized duck lines.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.238-245
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• 2024

The lactate electrode can be utilized either as an electrode for lactate sensor to monitor the patient's health status, stress level, and athlete's fatigue in real time or lactate fuel cell. In this study, we fabricated a high-performance electrode composed of lactate oxidase, catalase, and mitochondria, and investigated the surface analysis and electrochemical properties of this electrode. Carbon paper modified with single-walled carbon nanotubes (CP-SWCNT) had significantly improved electrical conductivity compared to before modification. The electrode to which lactate oxidase, catalase, and mitochondria were attached (CP-SWCNT-LOx-Cat-Mito) produced a higher current than the electrode to which lactate oxidase and catalase were attached. The amount of reduction current produced by the bilirubin oxidase (BOD)-attached electrode (CP-SWCNT-BOD) was greatly affected by the presence or absence of oxygen in the electrolyte. The fuel cell composed of CP-SWCNT-LOx-Cat-Mito (anode) and CP-SWCNT-BOD (cathode) produced maximum power (29 ㎼/cm²) at a discharge current density of 133 ㎂/cm². From this study, we had proved that mitochondria is essential for improving lactate sensor and fuel cell performance.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.335-340
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• 2024

In this paper, we synthesized organic and inorganic hybrid materials to introduce antibody functionality to UIO-66 and incorporated them into a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay to enhance the sensitivity of detecting small molecules such as oxytocin. A biological marker peptide called oxytocin may help in the diagnosis of heart failure, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer. To detect oxytocin at concentrations as low as a few femtomole (fM), we developed a surface sandwich assay utilizing a pair of oxytocin-specific antibodies for enhancing selectivity and one of metal organic frameworks [e.g., UiO-66-(COOH)₂] possessing high porosity and surface-area as a signal amplifier. Initially, real-time SPR assays were used to confirm that each selected oxytocin-specific antibody binds strongly to oxytocin and to different binding sites on oxytocin. One of these antibodies (e.g., anti-OXT[OTI5G4]) was immobilized on the surface of a thin gold chip. Upon sequential injecting of oxytocin and the other antibody (e.g., anti-OXT[4G11]) conjugated to UiO-66-(COOH)₂ onto the surface to form the surface sandwich complex of anti-OXT[OTI5G4]/oxytocin/UiO-66-(COOH)₂-anti-OXT[4G11]), SPR changes, which varied with oxytocin concentration, were then measured in real time. The results demonstrated that sensitivity was amplified by over a million-fold compared to assays without UiO-66-(COOH)₂, enabling oxytocin detection down to approximately 10 fM.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.190-196
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• 2015

We evaluated the morphological characteristics in 100 super sweet corn inbred lines, which were developed to breeding super sweet corn variety at Gyeongsangbuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, by examining six quantitative and two qualitative characteristics. On the result of evaluation of two qualitative traits, most of inbred lines showed yellow (91 inbred lines) at seed color (QL1) and weak (68 inbred lines) at seedling vigor (QL2). In the survey of six quantitative traits, the average value for each trait indicated as follows: days of tasseling (QN1, 41.0 to 55.0 days), days of silking (QN2, 44.0 to 59.0 days), anthesis-silking interval (QN3, 2.0 to 7.0 days), tillering (QN4, 0.0 to 2.0), plant height (QN5, 96.0 to 187.0 cm) and ear height (QN6, 30.0 to 86.0 cm). In PCAs (principal component analysis) for 8 morphological characteristics, seedling vigor (QL2) and tillering (QN4) greatly contributed in negative direction and the days of tasseling (QN1) and days of silking (QN2) greatly contributed in positive direction on the first principal component. While, ear height (QN6) and plant height (QN5) contributed in positive direction on the second principal component. Thus these morphological traits, which were greatly contributed in the first and second principal components, might be considered to be useful for discrimination in 100 super sweet corn inbred lines. In our study, the results of morphological variation and PCAs for 100 super sweet corn inbred lines will be helpful for super sweet corn breeding programs such activities as planning crosses for hybrid and line development.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.145-155
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• 2002

The results of the present feasibility study are summarized as follows, 1. The three unit bridge of knitted material and UD fibre reinforcement has both the rigidity and the strength against a vertical occlusal load of 75N. 2. Stress concentration at the junctional area between the bridge and the abutments, i.e. between the pontic and the knitted caps was observed. In the case of the bridge with reinforcement straps, it was partly shown that the concentration problem could be improved by simply increasing the fillet size at the area. Further refining in the surface of the junctional area will be needed to ensure a further improvement in the stress distribution. This will require some trade off in the level of the stress and the available space. A parametric study will help to decide the appropriate size of the fillet. 3. Design refinement is a must to improve the stress distribution and realize the most favourable shape in terms of fabrication. The current straight bar with a constant cross section area can be redesigned to a tapered shape. The curve from the dental arch should also be placed on the pontic design. In accordance with design refinement, the resistance of the bridge frame to other load cases should be evaluated. 4. Although not included in the present feasibility study, it is estimated that bridges of the anterior teeth can be made strong enough with the knitted material without further reinforcement using unidirectional materials. In this regard, a feasibility study on design concepts and stress analysis for 3, 4, 5 unit bridge is suggested. 5. Two types of bridge were analysed in terms of fatigue. The safe life design concept, i.e. fatigue design concept, looks reasonable for the bridge where if cracks should form and propagate there is virtually nothing a dentist to do. The bridge must be designed so that no crack will be initiated during the life span. In the case of crowns, however, if constructed with composite resin with knitted materials, it might be possible to repair them, which in general is impossible for crowns of PFM or of metal. Therefore for composite resin crowns, a damage tolerance design concept can be applied and reasonably higher operational stresses can be allowed. In this case, of course, a periodic inspection program should be established in parallel. 6. Parts of future works in terms of structural viewpoint which need to be addressed are summarized as the following: 1) To develop processing technology to accommodate design concepts; 2) More realistic modelling of the bridge and analysis-geometry and loading condition. Thickness variation in the knitted material, taper in the pontic, design for anterior tooth bridge, the effect of combined loads, etc, will need to be included; 3) To develop appropriate design concepts and design goals for the fibre composite FPD aiming at taking the best advantage of knitted materials, including the damage tolerance design concept; 4) To develop testing method and perform test such as static ultimate load test, fatigue test, repair test, etc, as necessary.