• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.75-101
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• 2018

Social enterprise in Korea has faced with many problems such as small size, management capability, lack of technology and weak ability to obtain resources despite its quantitative growth, raising concern over sustainability of social enterprises. Despite such tough environment, unique feature of social enterprise, differentiated from commercial enterprise is that it has clear social mission. In addition, social enterprise has the organizational feature in that vulnerable social group of workers coexists with ordinary workers, and plays a role of helping independence of vulnerable social group. Due to this feature, successful organizational socialization of members in social enterprise is a very important feature. Based on assumption that social mission of social enterprise can be utilized as the unique competitiveness of social enterprise through vision-sharing in the organization, and may give positive effects on successful organizational socialization of organization members, this study aims to conduct empirical research on relationship between vision-sharing and organizational socialization and to explore mediation effects of organizational health as organizational environmental element in relationship between vision sharing and organizational socialization. This study was conducted on 156 employees working at social enterprises. As a result of study, first, vision sharing is found to have positive effects on organizational socialization at social enterprises. Second, vision sharing in social enterprise has positive effects on organizational health. Third, vitality and community-oriented in social enterprise are found to have mediation effects among lower elements of organizational health in relationship between vision sharing and organizational socialization. In conclusion, it is confirmed that the more visions of organization are shared, the more members recognize their organization healthy, resulting in successful organizational socialization. This study is meaningful in that it presents the plans for successful organizational socialization of members of social enterprise including vulnerable groups and that it is the empirical study on plans of social enterprise on human resource management.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.241-249
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• 2018

As the international trade increases, vessel traffics around the Korean Peninsula are also increasing. Maritime accidents hence take place more frequently in the southern coast of Korea where many big and small ports are located. Accidents involving ship collision and sinking result in a substantial human and material damage as well as the marine environmental pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to locate the ships quickly when such accidents occur. In this study, we suggest a new ship detection index by comparing and analyzing the reflectivity of each channel of the Korea MultiPurpose SATellite-2 (KOMPSAT-2) images of the area around the Gwangyang Bay. A threshold value of 0.1 is set based on a histogram analysis, and all vessels are detected when compared with RGB composite images. After selecting a relatively large ship as a representative sample, the distribution of spatial reflectivity around the ship is studied. Uniform shadows are detected on the northwest side of the vessel. This indicates that the sun is in the southeast, the azimuth of the actual satellite image is $144.80^{\circ}$, and the azimuth angle of the sun can be estimated using the shadow position. The reflectivity of the shadows is 0.005 lower than the surrounding sea and ship. The shadow height varies with the position of the bow and the stern, perhaps due to the relative heights of the ship deck and the structure. The results of this study can help search technology for missing vessels using optical satellite images in the event of a marine accident around the Korean Peninsula.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.1493-1501
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• 2012

The antioxidant activities of volatile aroma extracts from Cudrania tricuspidata (Carr.) Bureau were examined using two antioxidant assays. Ten volatile aroma compounds identified in this plant were also tested for antioxidant activity. The volatile aroma extracts of stem and root from C. tricuspidata exhibited antioxidant activities with a clear dose response relationship in both aldehyde/carboxylic acid and lipid/malonaldehyde assays. Antioxidant activities of volatile aroma extracts from C. tricuspidata at $500{\mu}g/mL$ were $77.02{\pm}8.12%$ (stem) and $74.19{\pm}6.82%$ (root) in the aldehyde/carboxylic acid assay. Antioxidant activities of volatile aroma extracts from C. tricuspidata at $160{\mu}g/mL$ were $76.17{\pm}4.25%$ (stem) and $61.43{\pm}2.11%$ (root) in the lipid/malonaldehyde assay. Positively identified volatile aroma components in extracts of stem and root from C. tricuspidata were seven terpenes and terpenoides, 14 alkyl compounds, 11 nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds, three oxygen containing heterocyclic compounds, 12 aromatic compounds, nine lactones, and seven miscellaneous compounds (possible contaminants). Among the positively identified compounds, eugenol, isoeugenol, and 2,4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl)phenol exhibited antioxidant activities comparable to those of BHT and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. Vanillin and 2-acetylpyrrole showed moderate activities in the lipid/malonaldehyde assay. These results suggest that consumption of antioxidant-rich beverages prepared from C. tricuspidata could have beneficial effects on human health by preventing diseases caused by oxidative damage.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.27-47
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• 1998

The Purpose of this study is to offer basic data when the new printed media for sex education are developed, by grasping the problem through analyzing the data of the printed media for sex education that are produced by the government and composed of relatively inclusive contents. The subjects of analyzed data were 10 printed media books connected with sex education. This study focused on analysis for the printed media. therefore the method of analysis used effectively for the study of the mass media was used. The SAS program was used for analyzing the frequency of data and processing with percentage. The result of this study is as follows. 1. The subject of sex education that the printed media intend for was classfied the data for students and for teachers and the general. 2. According to the result of analyzing the writers of the printed media for sex education, classified by occupation, research workers accounted for $30.2\%$ as 23 persons, and the rest were distributed as 19 professors $(25\%)$, 13 teachers $(17.2\%)$, 10 workers in related institutions of various kinds $(13.1\%)$, 6 doctors $(10.6\%)$ and 3 writers $(3.9\%)$. Examing the organization of writers of the printed media for sex education for students, it was composed of sequence as research workers $30.5\%$. workers in related institutions of various kinds $19.6\%$, teachers $19.5\%$, professors $13\%$, doctors $10.8\%$ and writers $6.5\%$. And that of writers of the printed media for sex education for teachers and the general was shown as professors $43.2\%$ (13 persons), research workers $30.1\%$ (9 persons), teachers $13.2\%$ (4 persons) and doctors $10.2\%$ (3 persons). 3. Seeing the result of analyzing for the printed media, classified by themes, it was shown as 314.1 pages $(28.5\%)$ in a field of development of men, 195.9 pages $(17.6\%)$ in a field of sex-health, 141.7 pages $(12.9\%)$ in a field of relationship. 74.1 pages $(6.7\%)$ in a field of a sex act. 51.7 pages $(4.6\%)$ in a field of a personnal technology and 313.4 pages $(28.4\%)$ in the others. As are suit of the analysis classified by themes about the printed media for sex education for students, it was distributed as the content about sexual abuse $12.3\%$ (60.2 pages), the anatomical physiology of reproduction $12.1\%$ (59.3 pages). a friendship $8.5\%$ (41.6 pages). the reproduction $7.2\%$ (35.5 pages). a sexual disease $6.8\%$ (33.2 pages) and the puberty $4.3\%$ (20.9 pages). Examing the result of the analysis about contents classified by themes of the printed media for sex education for teachers and the general. it was indicated as 67.1 pages $(10.9\%)$ on the 'puberty', 37.9 pages $(6.2\%)$ on the anatomical physiology of reproduction, 36.6 pages ($6.0\%$ on a sexual disease, 23.2 pages $(3.8\%)$ on dating, 21.7 pages $(3.5\%)$ on a human sexual reaction. 21.0 pages $(3.4\%)$ on a sexual role. 20.1 pages $(3.3\%)$ of the reproduction. The suggestion according to the upper result is as follows. 1. It is needed to expand the range of analysis into the data. besides the printed media. into the data for sex education using such media as a video. a slide, a CD-ROM, on internet, etc. 2. It is necessary to develop the ideal program for sex education of teenagers and analyze the effect. on the basis of analyzing data about data sex education. 3. It is needed that practice workers for nursing or teachers for nursing as well as workers in educational field or medical experts participate in producing data for sex education.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.198-206
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• 2015

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the effect of combined various microgrooves and thermal oxidation on the titanium (Ti) and to evaluate various in vitro responses of human periodontal ligament cells (PLCs). Materials and methods: Grade II titanium disks were fabricated. Microgrooves were applied on titanium discs to have $0/0{{\mu}m}$, $15/3.5{{\mu}m}$, $30/10{{\mu}m}$, and $60/10{{\mu}m}$ of respective width/depth by photolithography. Thermal oxidation was performed on the microgrooves of Ti substrata for 3 h at $700^{\circ}C$ in air. The experiments were divided into 3 groups: control group (ST), thermal oxidation group (ST/TO), and combined microgrooves and thermal oxidation group (Gr15-TO, Gr30-TO, Gr60-TO). Surface characterization was performed by field-emission scanning microscopy. Cell adhesion, osteoblastic differentiation, and mineralization were analyzed using the bromodeoxyurdine (BrdU), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and extracellular calcium deposition assays, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using the oneway analysis of variance and Pearson's bivariate correlation analysis (SPSS Version 17.0). Results: In general, the combined microgrooves and thermal oxidation group (Gr15-TO, Gr30-TO, Gr60-TO) showed significantly higher levels compared with the control (ST) or thermal oxidation (ST-TO) groups in the BrdU expression, ALP activity, and extracellular calcium deposition. Gr60-TO group induced highest levels of cell adhesion and osteoblastic differentiation. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, we conclude that the Ti surface treatment using combined microgrooves and thermal oxidation is highly effective in inducing the cell adhesion andosteoblastic differentiation. The propose surface is also expected to be effective in inducing rapid and strong osseointegration of Ti oral implants.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.265-272
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• 2004

Background : RASSF1A, which is one of tumor suppressor genes, is frequently inactivated by hypermethylation of the promoter region in a variety of human cancers, including lung cancer. This study was performed to investigate the association between RASSF1A methylation and the clinicopathological factors in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Methods : Eighty-one samples from the patients with squamous cell carcinoma of lung were examined. The promoter methyation of RASSF1A was analyzed by methylation specific PCR and sequencing. Statistical analysis was made to examine the association between RASSF1A methylation and the clinicopathological parameters. Results : RASSF1A methylation was observed in 37.0 % (30 of 81) of the patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. RASSF1A methylation was found to be associated with cellular differentiation(p=0.0097) and the overall survival(p=0.0635). However, there was no association between RASSF1A methylation and the other clinicopathological parameters, such as the pathological TNM stage, the recurrence rate, lymph node invasion and the amount of cigarettes smoked. Conclusion : RASSF1A methylation might be associated with a poor prognosis in patients with squamous carcinoma of the lung. A larger scale study is needed.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.210-220
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• 2015

Athletic performance is an important criteria used for the selection of superior horses. However, little is known about exercise-related epigenetic processes in the horse. DNA methylation is a key mechanism for regulating gene expression in response to environmental changes. We carried out comparative genomic analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in the blood samples of two different thoroughbred horses before and after exercise by methylated-DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-Seq). Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in the pre-and post-exercise blood samples of superior and inferior horses were identified. Exercise altered the methylation patterns. After 30 min of exercise, 596 genes were hypomethy-lated and 715 genes were hypermethylated in the superior horse, whereas in the inferior horse, 868 genes were hypomethylated and 794 genes were hypermethylated. These genes were analyzed based on gene ontology (GO) annotations and the exercise-related pathway patterns in the two horses were compared. After exercise, gene regions related to cell division and adhesion were hypermethylated in the superior horse, whereas regions related to cell signaling and transport were hypermethylated in the inferior horse. Analysis of the distribution of methylated CpG islands confirmed the hypomethylation in the gene-body methylation regions after exercise. The methylation patterns of transposable elements also changed after exercise. Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) showed abundance of DMRs. Collectively, our results serve as a basis to study exercise-based reprogramming of epigenetic traits.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.117-131
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• 2000

Objectives: To develop a new immunohistochemical marker system for supplementation of the Noyes histological classification of the endometrium in women of child bearing age with regular menstrual cycles, and to employ this system to evaluate pathologic factors involved in endometriosis, and thus to ascertain if it is useful in diagnosis. Materials and Methods: Endometrial biopsies were sampled from the posterior fundus of 41 (24 proliferative phases, 17 secretory phases) women with regular menstrual cycles (28-32 days), and each sample was immunohistochemically stained according to Noyes et al (1975) for determination of expression for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), integrin ${\alpha}_1$, ${\alpha}_4$, ${\beta}_3$, COX-1 and COX-2. Then, the PR, integrin ${\beta}_3$ and COX-2 which were clearly expressed in the luteal phase was with endometrial samples were obtained from 20 cases of normal patients (group 1) and 25 cases with endometriosis (group 2) after confirming the day of ovulation by sex steroid level measurements 7-8 days after ovulation Results: In the regular menstruation group the expression of ER showed a tendency to be increased in the proliferative phase and decreased in the secretory phase, and was the highest in the proliferative phase. However, PR in the stromal cells showed no change in the entire menstrual cycle while in the epithelial cells, PR reached a peak in the late proliferative phase and was almost absent in the secretory phase. Integrin (${\alpha}_1$, ${\alpha}_4$, and ${\beta}_3$ expression in the epithelial cells was absent in the proliferative phase but ${\alpha}_1$ was strongly expressed starting from the early secretory phase into the entire secretory phase. ${\alpha}_4$ was expressed strongly in the early and mid secretory phases and disappeared in the late proliferative phase, while ${\beta}_3$ appeared after the mid secretory phase and continued to be expressed until the late secretory phase. Expression in the stromal cells was weak overall and did not show any cyclic pattern. COX-1 expression was shown as a cyclic pattern in the stromal and epithelial cells and was particularly strongly expressed in the mid secretory phase of epithelial cells, and in the mid secretory and menstruation phase of stromal cells. In the endometrial epithelial cells there was strong expression during the entire cycle with stronger expression in the secretory phase compared to the prolferative phase. COX-2 was clearly expressed in the late proliferative, early and mid secretory phases in the stromal cells. No expression was observed in the proliferative phase of the epithelial cells, but which began to appear in the early secretory phase reaching a significant pattern from the mid secretory phase onwards. There was almost no expression in the stromal cells. In the cases with endometriosis showing normal endometrial maturation according to the Noyes classification, PR expression was increased while Integrin-${\beta}_3$의 expression was significantly decreased compared to the normal group. Also, COX-2 expression was slightly decreased in the stromal cells of patients with endometriosis while it was significantly increased in the stromal cells. Conclusion: Immunohistochemical markers can supplement the original Noyes classification of histological endometrial dating and therefore ascertain existing pathologic conditions. Particularly for patients with endometriosis with normally mature endometrial cells, changes in COX-2 and integrin expression patterns may assist in elucidating pathophysiologic mechanisms and therefore aid in the diagnosis of abnormal implantation conditions, and consequently determine a treatment modality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.410-416
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• 2016

After the Sewol Ferry accident, the importance of maritime safety has been emphasized in Korea. In particular, educational and experience training are not only being conducted for maritime personnel but also in schools and at maritime-related organizations in order to broadly instill maritime safety awareness. Based on SOLAS regulations, safety education for sailors conducted every 10 days passenger boats, and fire-fighting drills and abandon-ship training should be conducted once a month on merchant ships. After the Sewol Ferry accident, the maximum number of trainees was reduced from 40 to 20 in order to improve the effectiveness of these training sessions by requiring all trainees to participate in the actual training. The current training process consists of two steps: textbook-based theoretical training and actual practice. Current training environment provides limited capability from human and facility recourses which limit the numbers of trainee participated and system operation time. By introducing the simulation training, it will improve the trainee skill and performance prior to the on-site training and allow the more effective and rapid progress on actual practice. Therefore, it will be proposed the three-step training method in order to improve the effectiveness on fire-fighting drill in Maritime Safety Education on this study. This study suggests a three step training method that would increase the efficiency of maritime safety education. An image-training step to enhance individual task awareness and equipment usage via simulation techniques after theoretical training has been added. To implement this simulation, a virtual training session will be conducted before actual training, based on knowledge obtained from theoretical training, which is expected to increase the speed with which trainees can adapt during the practical training session. In addition, due to the characteristics of the simulation, repeated training is possible for reaction drills in emergency circumstances and other various scenarios that are difficult to replicate in actual training. The efficiency of training is expected to improve because trainees will have practiced before practical training takes place, which will decrease the time needed for practical training and increase the number of training sessions that can be executed, increasing the efficiency of training overall. This study considers development methods for fire-fighting drill simulations using virtual reality techniques.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.249-256
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• 2011

Finding a new set of features representing textured images is one of the most important studies in textured image analysis. This is because it is impossible to construct a perfect set of features representing every textured image, and it is inevitable to choose some relevant features which are efficient to on-going image processing jobs. This paper intends to find relevant features which are efficient to textured image segmentation. In this regards, this paper presents a different method for the segmentation of textured images based on the Gabor filter. Gabor filter is known to be a very efficient and effective tool which represents human visual system for texture analysis. Filtering a real-valued input image by the Gabor filter results in complex-valued output data defined in the spatial frequency domain. This complex value, as usual, gives the module and the phase. This paper focused its attention on the phase information, rather than the module information. In fact, the module information is considered very useful at region analysis in texture, while the phase information was considered almost of no use. But this paper shows that the phase information can also be fully useful and effective at region analysis in texture, once a good method introduced. We now propose "phase derivated method", which is an efficient and effective way to compute the useful phase information directly from the filtered value. This new method reduces effectively computing burden and widen applicable textured images.