• Title/Summary/Keyword: Human Resources Distribution

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Fabrication of Calcined Clay Granule Comprising Zeolite (제올라이트를 함유하는 소성점토의 제조)

  • Kim, Byoung-Gon;Lee, Gye-Seung;Park, Chong-Lyuck;Jeon, Ho-Seok;Jeong, Soo-Bok
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.239-246
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    • 2008
  • This research tried to find out the optimum fabrication method of calcined clay granules comprising zeolite. Kaolin clay and natural zeolite powder were used as raw materials of calcined clay, and silica stone powder was used for controlling the porosity of the granules. The granulation was performed with two kinds of granulators: a pan granulator and a high-shear mixer granulator. Various granules were fabricated by the mixing ratios and the rotation speeds of the granulators, and were heated from 400 to $700^{\circ}C$ at $100^{\circ}C$ interval. The crushing strength, pore size distribution, and CEC of the granules were measured. The evaluation method for the resistance of granules to human treading was created and the tests were conducted at dry and wet conditions. The resistance and crushing strength improved in proportion to the rotation speed of the granulator and the heating temperature, but the CEC decreased. The pellet made by the pan granulator did not have the strength against treading upon heating to below $700^{\circ}C$, but the pellet made by the high-shear mixer granulator endured the treading test upon heating to over $500^{\circ}C$

Selective Encryption Algorithm for Vector Map using Geometric Objects in Frequency Domain

  • Pham, Ngoc-Giao;Kwon, Ki-Ryong;Lee, Suk-Hwan;Woo, Chong-Ho
    • Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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    • v.20 no.8
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    • pp.1312-1320
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    • 2017
  • Recently, vector map data is developed and used in many domains widely. In the most cases, vector map data contains confidential information which must be kept away from unauthorized users. Moreover, the production process of vector maps is considerably complex and consumes a lot of money and human resources. Therefore, the secured storage and transmission are necessary to prevent the illegal copying and distribution from hacker. This paper presents a selective encryption algorithm using geometric objects in frequency domain for vector map data. In the proposed algorithm, polyline and polygon data in vector map is the target of the selective encryption process. Experimental results verified that proposed algorithm is effectively and adaptive the requirements of security.

Development of Simulation Model to Determine the Optimal Number of Pharmacist at the Hospital Pharmacy Considering the Waiting Time (병원약제부의 적정약사수를 결정하기 위해 대기시간을 고려한 시뮬레이션 모델 개발)

  • 최재혁;이배진;강창욱;최경업;김정미
    • Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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    • v.21 no.48
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    • pp.223-232
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    • 1998
  • In order to improve the hospital service quality, some hospitals try to reduce the outpatients' waiting time in the hospital. One of the dissatisfied service items at the hospital is the long waiting time to take the prescribed medicine. In most cases, the smaller the number of pharmacists, the longer could be the waiting time. The suggestion of criteria for optimal allocation of appropriate number of pharmacists must be very important to manage the hospital pharmacy. In this paper, we suggest the method to figure out appropriate number of pharmacists through the real situation study at the Sampling Medical Center Pharmacy. We present the simulation study results using the simulation package ARENA and the analysis of statistical distribution of the arriving prescriptions. The result of this research could be applied to the other service business to figure out the optimal allocation of available human resources and to do the job analysis for better service quality.

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A Study on the Certify for Enrolled Student Ability of Digital Interior Design Solution (재학생의 디지털 인테리어디자인 실무능력 인증에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Dong-Young
    • Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.1-4
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    • 2006
  • This research studied necessary digital Interior Design education and certification formality for Dept. of Interior Design students' percentage of employment raising and competitive power elevation of industry by the support of 2005 junior college finance support business from the Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development. Contents of this research is built from joint research by vender of software, which has the highest distribution and preference rate of digital Interior Design related software in industry, and The Korea Digital Architecture and Interior Association, and Daeduk college. The necessary certification standard and course-ware for employment of graduates were developed. There are descriptions for students' needs on digital Interior Design related practical application ability that can receive authentication, And made out education schedule as well as contents so that execution of authentication and education may be possible.

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Impact of Destination Image and Satisfaction on Tourist Loyalty: Mountain Destinations in Thanh Hoa Province, Vietnam

  • LE, Hoang Ba Huyen;LE, Thi Binh
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.185-195
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    • 2020
  • The study aims to assess the impact of destination image, satisfaction and loyalty of tourists at mountain destinations in Thanh Hoa province, Vietnam. The study involves questionnaire surveys and multivariate data analysis methods (Cronbach Alpha test, EFA, CFA, SEM). Research results from 500 tourists in the mountain destinations of Thanh Hoa province demonstrate that all factors have imposed a positive impact on tourist satisfaction, specifically: The most influential factor is Natural features, followed by Human factors while the least influential factor is Infrastructure; On the other hand, research results also demonstrate that satisfaction has a substantial impact on tourist loyalty. Based on the research results, we also proposed some key solutions to enhance the destination image, thereby contributing to increased satisfaction and loyalty of tourists, including: (i) Promoting Natural Tourism Resources. (ii) Raising Awareness of Environmental Protection. (iii) Building Local Cultural Identity. (iv) Building Exclusive Tourist Products. (5) Strengthening the Support of Local Authorities for Tourism Activities. (vi) Developing a Price Policy.

Factors Affecting Real Estate Prices During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Empirical Study in Vietnam

  • HA, Nguyen Ho Phi
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • v.8 no.10
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    • pp.159-164
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    • 2021
  • The COVID-19 pandemic has widely spread and has become a global problem. The pandemic has had a negative impact on most countries and on the global economic growth. In the real estate and housing market, the impact of the pandemic has directly disrupted the supply of raw materials and human resources. In case of Vietnam, the real estate and housing markets are increasingly becoming important contributors to Vietnam's economy, with a combined contribution of approximately 6% to the GDP of the country. Also, the pandemic has negatively affected the real estate in Vietnam. Using a sample data of 220 home, apartment and real estate buyers in the period of April 2020 to Apr 2021 in Nam Tu Liem and Cau Giay districts, Hanoi, the research results demonstrate that the area of the house, the number of beds, and the location of the land show a positive influence on the real estate price. Meanwhile, the distance from the land to the center of the district has a negative effect on the price, which means that the further away a land is from the center, lower is its price.

Evaluating the Multi-Period Management Efficiency of Domestic Online-Shopping Companies (DEA와 Malmquist 생산성지수를 이용한 우리나라 온라인쇼핑업체의 다기간 경영 효율성 분석)

  • Ma, Jin-Hee;Ja, Yoon-Ho;Ahn, Young-Hyo
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.45-53
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    • 2015
  • Purpose - Online shopping enables consumers to conveniently purchase products irrespective of the time and place. As a result, several online shopping companies have emerged to cater to this growing market and, therefore, the competition among them has become increasingly intense. This paper evaluates the comparative efficiency of online shopping companies for a multi-year period (2009-2013), in order to help online shopping managers identify major drivers for enhancing management efficiency and the subsequent competitiveness. Research design, data, and methodology - The researchers collected the data from 2009 to 2013 from the distribution yearbook. This paper analyzes the marketability (sales figures), profitability (business profits), and management conditions (net profits) of domestic online shopping enterprises by incorporating information on human resources (number of employees) and material resources (total assets and capital). Therefore, the number of employees, total assets, and capital are selected as input variables, and sales figures, business profits, and net profits as the output variables. In this study, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to measure the comparative efficiency of domestic online shopping companies. In addition, the Malmquist Productivity Index was used to evaluate the trend of change of Decision Making Units' (DMUs') efficiency for a multi-year period. Results - First, as of 2013, Interpark (2.415) was found to be the most efficient online shopping enterprise, followed by Aladdin Communications (2.117), Hyundai Home shopping (1.867), Home&Shopping (1.176), NS Home shopping (1.170), Commerce Planet (1.126), CJ O Shopping (1.105), Ebay Korea (1.088), and GS Home Shopping (1.051). Second, this study recognizes how the management efficiency has changed for the period 2009-2013. Third, the lesser the capital and employees, the more are the net profits, and the better is the management efficiency of domestic online shopping companies. Lastly, the productivity of such companies is influenced by endogenous factors rather than exogenous factors such as shifts in business environment and technological advances. Conclusions - DHC Korea influenced various distribution channels to reach customers through the Internet. Consequently, this helped in increasing the awareness about its products, in addition to an increase in sales. These achievements can be attributed to the characteristics of online shopping companies. Although it is easy for these companies to suggest goods for one-off purchases, they however have difficulties in retaining customers. Overcoming this challenge can be one of the ways to benchmark a successful case of an efficient company. For example, an online shopping company can attract customers by developing a corresponding mobile application as a convenient way to shop online. Additionally, they can satisfy customers by quick delivery of purchased products, which is possible by building an effective logistics network. Our study indicates that the productivity of an online shopping company was influenced by endogenous factors driven by improvements in managerial practices rather than exogenous factors. Accordingly, online shopping companies should adopt strategies to improve their operational efficiency rather than sales volume-oriented management.

Mechanism-based View of Innovative Capability Building in POSCO (메커니즘 관점에서 본 조직변신과 포스코의 혁신패턴 연구)

  • Kim, So-Hyung
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.11 no.6
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    • pp.59-65
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    • 2013
  • Purpose - Studies of mechanism as a competitive strategy, a relatively new field in the study of strategic management research, has recently drawn the attention of the business management scholars. The literature has so far proposed the subjective-based view, environment-based view, and the resource-based view in its analyses of firm management. Hence, it is highly likely for the firm management to be reasonably thought of as a combination of and interaction among the three key elements of subject, environment, and resources this is the mechanism-based view (MBV). It is reasonable to consider firm management to be the combination of and interaction among the three key elements of subject, environment, and resources. The overall dynamic process that integrates these three elements and creates functional harmony is identified as the mechanism, the principle of firm management. Much of the extant literatures on MBV has mainly focused on case studies, a qualitative approach prone to subjectivity of the researcher, although the intuition from the study may lead to meaningful insights into a firm-specific mechanism. This study's focus is also on case analysis, but it still attempts a quantitative approach in order to reach a scientific and systematic understanding of the MBV. Research design, data, and methodology - I used both a qualitative and quantitative approach to a single model, given the complexity of the innovation processes. I conducted in-depth interviews with POSCO employees-20 from general management, two from human resources, eight from information technology, five from finance and accounting, and five from production and logistics management. Once the innovative events were selected, the interview results were double-checked by the interviewees themselves to ensure the accuracy of the answers recorded. Based on the interview, I then conducted statistical validation using the survey results as well. Results - This study analyzes the building process of innovation and the effect of the mechanism pattern on innovation by examining the case of POSCO, which has survived over the past 21 years. I apply a new analytical tool to study mechanism innovation types, perform a new classification, and describe the interrelationships among the mechanism factors. This process allows me to see how the "Subject"factor interacts with the other factors. I found that, in the innovation process of the adoption stage, Subject had a mediating effect but that the mediating effect of resource and performance was smaller than the effect of Subject on performance alone. During the implementation stage, the mediating effect of Subject increased. Conclusion - Therefore, I have confirmed that the subject utilizes resources reasonably and efficiently. I have also advanced mechanism studies: whereas the field's research methods have been largely confined to single case studies, I have used both qualitative and quantitative methods to examine the relationships among mechanisms.

A study on the improvement of distribution system by overseas agricultural investment (해외농업투자에 따른 유통체계 개선방안에 관한 연구)

  • Sun, Il-Suck;Lee, Dong-Ok
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.17-26
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    • 2010
  • Recently concerns have been raised due to the unbalanced supply of crops: the price of crops has been unstable and at one point the price went up so high that the word Agflation(agriculture+ inflation) was coined. Korea, in particular, is a small-sized country and needs to secure the stable supply of crops by investing in the produce importation at a national level. Investment in foreign produce importation is becoming more important as a measure for sufficient supply of crops, limited supply of domestic crops, weakened farming conditions worldwide, as well as recent changes in the use of crops due to the development of bio-fuels, influence of carbon emission on crops, the price increase in crops, and influx of foreign hot money. However, there are many problems with investing in foreign produce importation: lack of support from the government; lack of farming information and technology; difficulty in securing the capital; no immediate pay-off from the investment and insufficient management. Although foreign produce is originally more price-competitive than domestic produce, it loses its competiveness in the process of importation (due to high tariffs) and poor distribution system, which makes it difficult to sell in Korea. Therefore, investment in foreign produce importation is being questioned for feasibility; to make it possible, foreign produce must maintain the price-competitiveness. Especially, harvest of agricultural products depends on natural and geographical conditions of each country and those products have indigenous properties, so distribution system according to import and export of agricultural products should be treated more carefully than that of other industries. Distribution costs are differentiated into each item and include cost of sorting and wrapping, cost of wrapping materials, cost of domestic transport, cost of international transport and cost of clearing customs for import and export. So transporting and storing agricultural products generates considerable costs compared with other products. Also, due to upgrade of dietary life, needs for stability, taste and visible quality toward food including agricultural products are being raised and wrong way of storage causes decomposition of food and loss of freshness, making the storage more difficult than that in room temperature, so storage and transport in distribution of agricultural products needs specialty. In addition, because lack of specialty in distribution and circulation such as storage and wrapping does not solve limit factors in distance, the distribution and circulation has been limited to a form of import and export within short-distant region. Therefore, need for distribution out-sourcing which can satisfy specialty in managing distribution and circulation and it is needed to establish more effective distribution system. However, existing distribution system of agricultural products is exposed to various problems including problems in distribution channel, making distribution and strategy for distribution and those problems are as follows. First, in case of investment in overseas agricultural industry, stable supply of the products is difficult because areas of production are dispersed widely and influenced by outer factors due to including overseas distribution channels. Also, at the aspect of quality, standardization of products is difficult, distribution system is quite complicated and unreasonable due to long distribution channels according to international trade and financial and institutional support is not enough. Especially, there are quite a lot of ineffective factors including multi level distribution process, dramatic gap between production cost and customer's cost, lack of physical distribution facilities and difficulties in storage and transport due to lack of wrapping containers. Besides, because import and export of agricultural products has been manages under the company's own distribution according to transaction contract between manufacturers and exporting company, efficiency is low due to excessive investment in fixed costs and lack of specialty in dealing with agricultural products causes fall of value of products, showing the limit to lose price-competitiveness. Especially, because lack of specialty in distribution and circulation such as storage and wrapping does not solve limit factors in distance, the distribution and circulation has been limited to a form of import and export within short-distant region. Therefore, need for distribution out-sourcing which can satisfy specialty in managing distribution and circulation and it is needed to establish more effective distribution system. Second, among tangible and intangible services which promote the efficiency of the whole distribution, a function building distribution environment which includes distribution information, system for standard and inspection, distribution finance, system for diversification of risks, education and training, distribution administration and tax system is wanted. In general, such a function building distribution environment is difficult to be changed and supplement innovatively because its effect compared with investment does not appear immediately despite of its necessity. Especially, in case of distribution of agricultural products, as a function of collecting and distributing is performed individually through various channels, the importance of distribution information and standardization is getting more focus due to the problem of repetition of work and lack of specialty. Also, efficient management of distribution is quite difficult due to lack of professionals in distribution, so support to professional education is needed. Third, though effort to keep self-sufficiency ratio of staple food, rice is regarded as important at the government level, level of dependency on overseas of others crops is high. Therefore, plan for stable securing food resources aside from staple food is also necessary. Especially, governmental organizations of agricultural products distribution in Korea are production-centered and have unreasonable structure whose function at the aspect of distribution and consumption is quite insufficient. And development of new distribution channels which can deal with changes in distribution environment and they do not achieve actual results of strategy for distribution due to non-positive strategy for price distribution. That is, it implies the possibility that base for supply will become vulnerable because it does not mediate appropriate interests on total distribution channels such as manufacturers, wholesale dealers and vendors by emphasizing consumer protection excessively in the distribution of agricultural products. Therefore, this study examined fundamental concept and actual situation for our investment to overseas agriculture, drew necessities, considerations, problems, etc. of overseas agricultural investment and suggested improvements at the level of distribution for price competitiveness of agricultural products cultivated in overseas under five aspects; government's indirect support, distribution's modernization and distribution information function's strengthening, government's political support for distribution facility, transportation route, load and unloading works' improvement, price competitiveness' securing, professional manpower's cultivation by education and training, etc. Here are some suggestions for foreign produce importation. First, the government should conduct a survey on the current distribution channels and analyze the situation to establish a measure for long-term development plans. By providing each agricultural area with a guideline for planning appropriate production of crops, the government can help farmers be ready for importation, and prevent them from producing same crops all at the same time. Government can sign an MOU with the foreign government and promote the importation so that the development of agricultural resources can be stable and steady. Second, the government can establish a strategy for an effective distribution system by providing farmers and agriculture-related workers with the distribution information such as price, production, demand, market structure and location, feature of each crop, and etc. In order for such distribution system to become feasible, the government needs to reconstruct the current distribution system, designate a public organization for providing distribution information and set the criteria for level of produce quality, trade units, and package units. Third, the government should provide financial support and a policy to seek an efficient distribution channel for foreign produce to be delivered fresh: the government should expand distribution facilities (for selecting, packaging, storing, and processing) and transportation vehicles while modernizing old facilities. There should be another policy to improve the efficiency of unloading, and to lower the cost of distribution. Fourth, it is necessary to enact a new law covering exceptional cases for importing produce in order to maintain the price competitiveness; currently the high tariffs is keeping the imported produce from being distributed domestically. However, the new adjustment should be made carefully within the WTO regulations since it can create a problem from giving preferential tariffs. The government can also simplify the distribution channels in order to reduce the cost in the distribution process. Fifth, the government should educate distributors to raise the efficiency and to modernize the distribution system. It is necessary to develop human resources by educating people regarding the foreign agricultural environment, the produce quality, management skills, and by introducing some successful cases in advanced countries.

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Effects of Core Competence and Resource Sharing on the Relational Bond among Franchisees and on Re-contract Intention in the Franchising Parent Companies (프랜차이즈 모기업 핵심역량 자원이 가맹점 관계결속과 재계약의도에 미치는 영향)

  • Huh, Yeong-Uk;Ju, Mal-Chan
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.11-22
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    • 2014
  • Purpose - The domestic franchise industry has made significant contributions to industry such as investment, employment, and community economy development, facilitating growth potential. The franchise industry provides management knowhow transfer between parent companies and franchisees as per contracts addressing use of business signs, franchisees' independent position, franchisor support, and royalties to be paid to the franchisors. However, many franchisors lack management knowhow and provide insufficient support because of poor control of franchisees and not having a systematic approach to support. This results in dissatisfied franchisees and failure to establish long-term relationships. Few studies have examined relational commitment and/or re-contract intention by support resources between franchisors and franchisees, despite a considerable output of theories and studies of the growth of the franchise industry. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to examine the effects of the ability to provide resources on relational commitments and re-contract intention, and to suggest causal relationships and implications. Research design, data, and methodology - The subject was domestic franchisors registered with the Association of Franchise with more than 50 franchisees. Franchisees under contract for 2 years and considering re-contract of their franchise 2 years later were used. The subjects totaled 300 franchisees in Seoul. A questionnaire survey was used to investigate the subject of franchisees' concessions during the 10 days from November 21, 2013 to November 30, 2013. After excluding 16 surveys with poor answers, 284 responses were finally used. Four areas and 44 questions were used. A nominal scale was used for four common characteristics questions including gender, ages, educational background, and franchise managing time. Questions regarding ability, relational commitment, and re-contract intention made use of a Likert 5-point scale. Data coding and data cleaning were used. SPSS 18.0 was used as follows. First, frequency analysis was done to investigate demographic characteristics. Second, exploratory factor analysis was done to verify validity of testing tools, and Cronbach's α coefficient was used to verify reliability. Third, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were done. An exploratory factor analysis was done to verify validity of concepts. A correlation analysis was done to test relationships between the variables, and multiple regression analysis was done to verify franchisor's ability, franchisees' relational commitment, and re-contract intention. Results - The following were the outcomes. First, store operation management, finance operation management, and human resource management affected the calculated bond. Second, store operation management and finance operation management affected the emotional bond. Third, store operation management, finance operation management, human resource management, and marketing management affected the prescriptive bond. Fourth, calculated bond and prescriptive bond had an effect on re-contract intention. Conclusions - As stated above, in franchise management, parent companies' offer and instruction of core competence to their franchisees as an information resource could improve the relational bond by helping them grow together through the resource sharing. Consequently, core competence factors were promoting factors that could improve franchisees' re-contract intention for a long time.