• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.626-629
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• 2003

The water extracts of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. showed significant reducing alcohol concentration in blood and hepatoprotective acitivity against D-galactoseamine/LPS and CCl4-toxicity. The concentration of blood alcohol was decreased from 2hr after injected in rats with Hovenia dulcis extracts. The water extracts of Hovenia dulcis significantly inhibited the elevation of serum ALT, AST and LDH levels. In this study, we investigated the effect of Hovenia dulcis extract on reducing alcohol concentration in blood. Also the efficacy and toxicity of Hovenia dulcis extract were evaluated by in vivo and in vitro tests.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.337-342
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• 2009

Acquired pigmentary skin diseases such as abnormal melanogenesis, vitiligo, chloasma and inflammatory pigmentation are related to regulate the melanin production, In this study, an ethanol extract of Hovenia dulcis Thunb.(EHD) makedly inhibited melanin biosynthesis and suppressed, the protein expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1(TRP-1), and tyrosinase-related protein 2(TRP-2) in B16F10 cells. On the other hand, EHD did not inhibit mushroom tyrosinase activity. These results indicate that EHD may contribute to the inhibition of melanin biosynthesis through regulating tyrosinase activity and expression, and serve as a new candidate in the design of new skin-whitening or therapeutic agents.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.166-172
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the optimum condition of breaking dormancy and to increase the germination rate of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. seeds. Germination of seeds which did not germinate at the various constant temperature was induced by the artificial breaking of seed coat, and the germination rate of seeds which the seed coats were broken was the highest(94%) at $15^{\circ}C$. The germination rate of seed was highest when seeds were treated with concentrated $H_2SO_4$ for 40 minutes. When seeds were stored in dry condition, the germination capability was maintained up to 5 years after harvest. However, their germination rate become lowered and average germinating duration was extended. Germination rate of seeds which were stored for 5 years significantly increased by the low temperature treatment more than 30 days.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.632-637
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• 2005

This study has been carried out to understand the effect of Hovenia dulcis on the hyperglycemic mice induced with streptozotocin (STZ). Mice in control group were administered with $0.9\%$ saline (2 mL/kg), and experimental groups were administered Hovenia dulcis extract (H1 group, 0.01 g/kg: H2 group, 0.04 g/kg) after hyperglycemic state was induced. Blood glucose concentrations of tile H1 and H2 groups administered with Hovenia dulcis extract for 6 weeks were significantly (p<0.01), compared to control group. Blood glucose tolerance was more favorable in H1 and H2 groups than control group. The Langerhan's islet of pancreas was destructed by treatment of STZ in the control group, but pancreatic islet of the experimental groups was partially recovered from damage, and a number of insulin-positive cells were observed. A number of insulin-like growth factor- I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II) positive cells occurred in the acinar cells of H1 and H2 groups. These results suggest that administration of Hovenia dulcis extract help mice recover from the damage induced with STZ.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.232-235
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• 2003

To investigate effect of fruits of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. on learning ability of ethanol-induced rats, we divided rats into 3 groups; normal, control and sample groups. Control group administered ethanol at a dose 3 g/kg bw. (25 v/v %), while sample group administered the water extract of fruits of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. 30 min. before treating same dose of ethanol as control group orally. All groups were subjected to trials of straight channel on the 1st day and to those of multiple T-maze during the following 3 days. The time required in normal group for the straight channel of the 2nd and the 3rd trials was significantly shorter than that of the 1st, while control group showed no significance. In the time required for the multiple T-maze trials of control group, there were no significance. But in the straight channel or multiple T-maze trials, the sample group showed significant decrease in the time required against control group, and also showed significant decrease in the number of selecting errors.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.617-629
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• 2023

Reactive oxygen species are the byproducts of metabolic processes in the body, However, excessive amount may cause side effects such as cancer. Therefore, to reduce the production of these species, but their long-term administration at high doses may induce side effects. Hence, natural materials with antioxidant activities are attracting attention. Two of these natural materials are soybean sprouts and Hovenia dulcis Thunb. fruits, but few studies have evaluated the effects of their combination. Thus, we prepared a soybean sprout extract containing 1.5% H. dulcis Thunb. fruit concentrate (BHM) to develop a functional food material derived from natural products and then confirmed its physicochemical properties and physiological activity. Among the organic acids detected in BHM, malic acid exhibited the highest content of 1,451.03 ppm, and the main free sugars were glucose (645.48 ppm) and fructose (738.11 ppm). Taurine was the most abundant free amino acid at a concentration of 11.95 ppm, followed by those of arginine (10.97 ppm) and glutamic acid (10.16 ppm). Analyses of the mineral components revealed large amounts of Zn and Fe in BHM, and the respective total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in BHM were 957.16 and 601.93 ppm. The DPPH radical and H₂O₂ scavenging activities and reducing power indicated excellent antioxidant efficacy compared to the positive controls. Furthermore, blood alcohol and acetaldehyde concentrations were measured to confirm the hangover-relieving effects of BHM, with both significantly decreased (p<0.05). BHM displays potential for development as a functional food, and the results of this study may be used as basic data in further research.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.484-484
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• 2002

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.905-910
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• 2002

To investigate an eliminatory effect of mixed extract of Hovenia dulcis Thunb, Gastrodia elata and Alnus japonica etc., on the ethanol-induced hangover, 12 hr-fasted male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220±20 g were given mixed extract (10 mL/kg, p.o.) and administered ethanol at a dose of 3 g/kg bw (25% in distilled water) orally 30 min postdosing. Blood was collected from caudal artery at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 hr and then the animals were sacrificed at 24 hr after the ethanol treatment. From 0 to 12 hr, the administration of mixed extract significantly decreased the area under the serum alcohol concentrations-vs.-time curves by 21 % compared with control group. In these experiments, liver function indices, such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities, showed unaltered results in all treated groups compared with the normal group. These results suggest that oral intake of the mixed extract may be effective on elimination of ethanol-induced hangover.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.56-61
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• 2008

The hepatoprotective effects of the water extracts of Hovenia dulcis Thunb (HD) were investigated in vitro. Following the induction of hepatotoxicity by ethanol in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes, the protective effects of four different water extracts of HD were determined through serial dose-response and time-dependent studies. The individual extracts used in these studies were prepared from fruits, seeds, leaves and tubes. Treatment of hepatocyte cultures with the water extracts of HD provided a significant protection from the increased lactate dehydrogenase activity induced by ethanol. Particularly, the fruits extract was the most effective against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in the primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. The results demonstrated that the extracts might have the protective effect against ethanol-induced toxicity in hepatocyte cultures.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.11-24
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of mixture with Hovenia dulcis Thunb (HDT) and Acer tegmentosum Maxim(ATM) on D-galactosamine-induced liver failure in rats. Methods : The animals were divided into 4 groups: control, with liver failure and no treatment; H1A1, with liver failure and oral treatment with HDT 1 and ATM 1; H1A2, with liver failure and oral treatment with HDT 1 and ATM 2; H1A4, with liver failure and oral treatment with HDT 1 and ATM 4. The animals were treated for 3 weeks and then examinations of change of body weight, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase ($\gamma$-GTP), total cholesterol, triglyceride, total bilirubin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, histopathologic change, and complete blood count (CBC) were performed. Results : All experimental groups had significantly decreased AST in serum and markedly increased activity of SOD as compared with the control group. H1A1, and H1A4 significantly decreased ALT in serum and H1A4 at 2 weeks was significantly higher on the change of body weight as compared with the control group. In histopathologic change of liver tissue by light microscopy, all experimental groups showed recovery effects of liver cells which were damaged by D-galactosamine. Conclusions : Based upon these results, it could be assumed that a mixture of HDT and ATM has hepatoprotective and antioxidative effects on D-galactosamine-induced liver failure. Therefore, a mixture of HDT and ATM might be utilized as a protective agent in therapy for liver diseases.