• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.164-168
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to confirm the content of total polyphenol, antioxidative and immune activities of the extracts of Cedrela sinensis leaf. The content of total polyphenol of water extracts ranged from 46.5-59.6 mg/100 g, which was higher than other extracts using organic solvents such as EtOAc, $CH_2Cl_2$ and $C_6H_{14}$. The antioxidant activity of the water and organic solvents extracts showed 6-33% in terms of 2,2-diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. To analyze the immuno-stimulation activity of C. sinensis leaf extract, we investigated the effect of the extracts on NO synthesis which is important in host defense against bacterial infection. Hot water extracts significantly increased NO generation by RAW 264.7, macrophage cell line, while organic solvent extract has no significant effect on NO production. To further analyzed the anti-inflammatory effect of the extracts, we investigated the effects of the extracts on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced NO generation. Organic solvent extracts of C. sinensis leaves showed strong inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. These results suggest that C. sinensis leaf extract may represent a useful immune stimulating agent and anti-inflammatory agent.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.443-449
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• 2014

To check the characteristics of nuclear fuels during an irradiation test, the nuclear fuel rod needs to be disassembled from the test rig located in the pool of the research reactor. Then, the disassembled fuel rod is delivered to the hot cell for intermediate examination. A fuel rod that passes the intermediate examination is delivered to the reactor pool to be reassembled into the test rig. The irradiation test is resumed with the reassembled test rig. Because nuclear fuel rods irradiated by neutrons are highly radioactive, all the disassembly and reassembly processes should be carried out in the pool of the research reactor to prevent operators being exposed to radiation. In particular, because a test rig is 5.4-m long and the reactor pool of HANARO is 6-m deep, special tools need to be developed for performing the disassembly and reassembly processes. In this study, a new assembly design of nuclear fuel rods for intermediate examination is introduced. Furthermore, tools for treating the irradiated fuel rod assembly are introduced, and their performance is verified by an out pile test.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.363-370
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• 1988

An attempt was made in this study to investigate the possibility of processing oyster and sea mussel into an intermediate moisture food. To obtain a palatable and instant product, shucked samples were heated in soy sauce for 5 min., heated in seasoning solution for 10 min., and then dried by the method of hot-air blowing for 4-6 hours at $40^{\circ}C$. Optimum seasoning solutions consisted of 2% monosodium glutamate, 3.5% sodium chloride, 15% sorbitol, 2% propylene glycol, 5% glycine and 0.02% rosemary oleoresin in 72.48% water. Judging from water activity, thiobarbituric acid, viable cell count, volatile basic nitrogen, surface color and sensory evaluation, vacuum-packaging method in nylon/PE $(20{\mu}m/40{\mu}m)$ or polyester/viniliden chloride/polypropylene $(12{\mu}m/15{\mu}m/50{\mu}m)$ film bag did hardly damage to the quality of intermediate moisture products, but air-packaging method in polyethylene(0.06m/m) bag did considerable damage to the quality during storage for 60 days in an incubator with 49-51% relative humidity at $30^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.301-307
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• 2005

The morphology of the high burnup $UO_2$ spent fuel, which was oxidized and annealed in a PIA (Post Irradiation Annealing) apparatus, has been observed. The high burnup fuel irradiated in Ulchin Unit 2, average rod burnup 57,000 MWd/tU, was transported to the KAERI's PIEF. The test specimen was used with about 200 mg of the spent $UO_2$ fuel fragment of the local burnup 65,000 MWd/tU. This specimen was annealed at $1400^{\circ}C$ for 4hrs after the oxidation for 3hrs to grain boundary using the PIA apparatus in a hot-cell. In order to oxidize the grain boundary, the oxidation temperature increased up to $500^{\circ}C$ and held for 3hrs in the mixed gas (60 ml He and 100 ml STD-air) atmosphere. The amount of 85Kr during the whole test process was measured to know the fission gas release behavior using the online system of a beta counter and a gamma counter. The detailed micro-structure was observed by a SEM to confirm the change of the fuel morphology after this test. As the annealing temperature increased, the fission products were observed to move to the grain surface and grain boundary of the $UO_2$ matrix. This specimen was re-structured through the reduction process, and the grain sizes were distributed from 5 to $10\;{\mu}m$.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.261-268
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the physiological activities and nutrition contents of Gonji No.10 and Solhyang, the strains of Neolentinus lepideus. In nutritional contents of two strains of N. lepideus, the content of free sugars and sugar alcohols and total polyphenol were more in Gonji No.10 than Solhyang. The total contents of amino acids and ${\beta}$-glucan in Solhyang are more than those in Gonji No.10. Solhyang also showed higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than Gonji No.10. In particular, hot water extract of Solhyang has higher inhibitory activity of ${\alpha}$-amylase and ${\alpha}$-amyloglucosidase while Gonji No.10 has higher anti-inflammatiory effect than Solhyang. But, they have similar effects on nitrite scavenging activity.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.196-201
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• 2015

This paper presents the impact of partial shading on $CuIn_xGa_{(1-x)}Se_2(CIGS)$ photovoltaic(PV) modules with bypass diodes. When the CIGS PV modules were partially shaded, the modules were under conditions of partial reverse bias. We investigated the characterization of the bypass diode and solar cell properties of the CIGS PV modules when these was partially shaded, comparing the results with those for a crystalline silicon module. In crystalline silicon modules, the bypass diode was operated at a partial shade modules of 1.67 % shading. This protected the crystalline silicon module from hot spot damage. In CIGS thin film modules, on the other hand, the bypass diode was not operated before 20 % shading. This caused damage because of hotspots, which occurred as wormlike defects in the CIGS thin film module. Moreover, the bypass diode adapted to the CIGS thin film module was operated fully at 60% shading, while the CIGS thin film module was not operated under these conditions. It is known that the bypass diode adapted to the CIGS thin film module operated more slowly than that of the crystalline silicon module; this bypass diode also failed to protect the module from damage. This was because of the reverse saturation current of the CIGS thin film, $1.99{\times}10^{-5}A/cm^2$, which was higher than that of crystalline silicon, $8.11{\times}10^{-7}A/cm^2$.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.126-129
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• 2000

The hypoglycemic effects of the hot water extract of soybean paste containing mycelia of Phellinus linteus, Cordyceps militaris, Ganoderma lucidum were evaluated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. All the diabetic groups were not significantly affected in food intake and food efficiency ratio. Significant decrease in blood glucose was observed in all the soybean paste containing mushroom mycelia (SPM) groups. Especially, administration of soybean paste containing mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum, blood glucose level was significantly lowered up to 45% compared to that of diabetic control group. The GPT and GOT activities indicated lower values in all the SPM groups than in the diabetic control group.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.525-533
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• 2015

The effect of the hot water extract of defatted green tea seed cake (GTSE) on lipid metabolism and the underlying mechanisms of lipolysis in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes were investigated. In this study, we found that the naringenin content of GTSE was 5.5 mg/g; however, catechins were not detected. The intracellular lipid droplets were stained with Oil Red O dye and quantified. Compared to the control, lipid accumulation was significantly decreased by 52%, and intracellular triglyceride (TG) level was reduced by 33% after treatment with GTSE at a concentration of $40{\mu}g/mL$. To determine the mechanism of reduction in TG content, we determined the level of fatty acid synthase (FAS), phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) in the cell model. Incubation of the 3T3-L1 adipocytes with GTSE stimulated AMPK and ACC phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner, and decreased the expression of FAS.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.241-249
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• 2002

In this research, we targeted to see if there was difference of shelf$.$lives of two different species cucumber. We pickled domestic and exporting cucumber to make comparison while they were fermented and stored. As for the domestic cucumber we choose CHICHEONG and for the exporting cucumber we choose special BAEKSEONG and SHARP 1. We blanched them and soaked them into hot saline water for 8 hours. Two kinds of Cucumber Kimchi were at room temperature for first day and 5'c from 2nd to 28th day. It was found, from the results, that all of samples of pH reached at 3.5 $\pm$ 0.1 on the 14th day of fermentation. The titratable acidity of the control increased on 14th day of fermentation, which was bit late than change of others. The reducing sugar contents of the control did not decrease until 7th day of fermentation while reducing sugar contents of others decreased gradually from the beginning. The patterns of Microfloral changes of two kinds of Cucumber Kimchi were similar during fermentation period. The number of total cell increased up to 14th day, similary the numbers of lactic acid bacteria increased up to 14th day then barely decreased. The hardness of the control was bit higher than others when it was measured on 14th day of fermentation. The sensory evaluation of Cucumber Kimchi with different species showed that both species had siginificant high negative scores in green color and crispness when those were compared between fermentation time and samples.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2007

Armillaria tabescens, one of edible and medicinal mushrooms belonging to Agaricales of Basidiomycota, has been known to have outstanding curative effects on chronic hepatitis and cholecystitis and inhibitory effects on the sarcoma 180 and Erhrlich carcinoma of mice. Neutral saline soluble (0.9% NaCl), hot water soluble and methanol soluble substances (hereinafter referred to Fr, NaCl, Fr. HW and Fr, MeOH, respectively) were extracted from fruiting body of the mushroom. In vitro cytotoxicity tests showed that crude polysaccharides were not cytotoxic against cancer cell lines such as NIH3T3 and Sarcoma 180 at the concentration of $2000\;{\mu}g/ml$. Intraperitoneal injection with crude polysaccharides exhibited life prolongation effect of $28.8{\sim}46.5%$ in mice inoculated with Sarcoma 180, respectively. Fr. NaCl improved the immunopotentiation activity of B lymphocyte by increasing the alkaline phosphatase activity by $1.8{\sim}2.1$ folds, respectively. In case of Fr, NaCl, the numbers of peritoneal exudate cells and circulating leukocytes were increased by 9 and 1.9 folds, respectively.