• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.140-149
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• 2010

We determined the seasonal gonad maturation in Strongylocentrotus nudus sea urchins inhabiting an artificially enhanced seaweed forest along the Samchuk Coast of Korea from April 2006 to March 2007. A total of 30 sea urchins per month were collected from the study area, and gonadosomatic index (GSI), gonad index (GI), egg diameter, and RNA/DNA variation were measured for each specimen. GSI values of female and male urchins achieved maximums of 17.6 and 17.0, respectively, in June. Based on histological studies, maximum GI values occurred in July (4.6 for females and 4.8 for males). A mean ovarian egg diameter of $73.7\;\pm\;14.2\;{\mu}m$ was measured in August; during the main spawning period in September, mean egg diameter reached a maximum of $74.2\;\pm\;17.8\;{\mu}m$. The RNA/DNA ratio and RNA content for both males and females showed a distinct peak during the ripe stage in July, but another peak occurred in the spring season from March to April, when urchins deposit protein into the nutritive phagocytes of immature gonads prior to gametogenesis. The reproductive cycle of S. nudus is divided into five stages: early active (December-May), late active (March-July), ripe (July-September), spent and degenerative (August-November), and inactive (October-February). Our continuous removal of sea urchins from the study area did not influence the reproductive cycle, as populations quickly recovered, and achieved normal gonad development cycle in the site.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.11-22
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• 2011

Objectives : Hwangyeonhaedok-tang(HHDT) has been traditionally used for various clinical symptoms associated with gastrointestinal disorder, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation in the Oriental medicine. However, little is known for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of HHDT on dextran-sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Methods : In this study, we investigated an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of HHDT on DSS-induced colitis in mice. An experimental colitis was induced by daily treatment with 5% DSS. HHDT was orally administrated the various concentrations(25-100 mg/kg, body weight/day) for 7 days with one time per day. Results : HHDT reduced significantly clinical sign of DSS-induced colitis, including body weight loss, shorten colon length, disease activity index(DAI), and histological colon injury. HHDT also inhibited significantly serum NO and prostaglandine $E_2(PGE_2)$ productions in DSS-induced colitis mice. Furthermore, HDDT increased significantly an superoxide anion(SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase(GPx) activity of the colon tissue in DSS-induced colitis mice. Conclusions : These results suggest that HHDT administration could reduce significantly the clinical signs and inflammatory mediators, and increase antioxidant activity in DSS-induced colitis model mice and is a good candidate for further evaluation as an effective anti-ulcerative agent.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.54-63
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• 2018

We investigated the effect of $CO_2$ exposure on the reproductive process of chameleon goby Tridentiger trigonocephalus. Rearing aquaria were exposed for 90 days to $CO_2$ gas through diffuser connected with pH controller maintaining at pH 7.2 ($156.31{\pm}7.90ppm$) in low treatment, and at pH 6.5 ($274.17{\pm}6.51ppm$) in high treatment. $CO_2$ treatment had no significant effects on survival rates although the value was decreased compared to the controls. In female fish, $CO_2$ treatment had no significant effects on gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI) and condition factor (CF). However, high $CO_2$ treatment decreased HSI and CF in males significantly compared to the controls (P<0.05). The spawning occurrence was 6 times in the low level $CO_2$ treatment, and 4 times in the high level $CO_2$ treatment although only once in the controls. For the histological observations, there was no significant difference in $CO_2$ treatments. However, in male fish, $CO_2$ treatment delayed the formation of sperm from spermatid compared to controls. These results suggest $CO_2$ may disrupt reproductive process by delaying gametogenesis in chameleon goby and it was more sensitive in males.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.406-411
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• 2011

To investigate the effects of short-term treatment with tri-n-butyltin chloride (TBTCl) and bisphenol A (BPA) on the reproduction of striped field mice, the mice were intramuscularly injected with TBTCl or BPA immediately before the reproductive season and examined in the reproductive season after keeping them for 4 months. As a result, there were no differences between the control and the compound-treated groups regarding body weight in both sexes, the residual levels of the compounds in the adult males, and the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and the histological structures with LM and EM of the testes and epididymides in both the adult and young males. The infant mortality and abortion rate, however, were high in the TBTCl-treated groups and BPA-treated groups respectively, compared to the control group. Conclusively, it was suggested that short-term treatment with TBTCl or BPA in mice in the non-reproductive season might have inhibited the development of the uterine embryos or fetuses, although it did not induce accumulations of these compounds or affect the reproductive organs of adult and young (F1) males.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2004

Gametogenesis, changes of gonad bulk index (GBI), monthly variation in oocyte diameter, reproductive cycle and spawning with lunar cycle of the top shell, Trochus niloticus were investigated by histological examination. The specimens were sampled in the coastal waters of Chuuk Island, Micronesia, form November 1999 to September 2000. T. niloticus is a gonochorism, and the female and male were present in an approximately 1:1 ratio (p > 0.05). The ovary contained with the oocyte of yolk stage, the testis composed of the spermatid and spermatozoa at around the year. Monthly GBI were higher at February, March, April and June than the other months. Major spawning occurred between April and May, and June and July but the individuals of partially spawning were presented throughout the year. GBI with lunar cycle were higher at the full moon than the other lunar phase. These results suggest that the spawning occurred between the full moon and last quarter moon.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.656-660
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• 2001

Gametogenesis, the reproductive cycle, and the condition index of the soft clam, Mya arenaria were investigated monthly based on histological observation at Sachon Bay, south coast of Korea from May 1998 to September 1999 . M. arenaria is dioceious. The ovary and testis were composed of a number of ovarian sacs and testicular tubules, respectively. Ripe oocytes were characterized by germinal vesicles with nucleoli, and their sizes about $60{\mu}m$ in diameter. Monthly changes in condition index and water temperature were closely related to the annual reproductive cycle. The reproductive cycle can be classified into 5 stages: early active stage (february to March), late active stage (April to August), ripe stage (September), partially spawned and spent stage (September to October), inactive stage (November and January).

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2009

Gonadal development and reproductive cycle of the granular ark Tegillarca granosa were investigated by histological observations. Samples were collected monthly from January to Decemberry 2002 in the Yeoja Bay of Yeosu, Jeollanam-do, Korea. T. granosa was dioecious. The gonads consist of a number of oogenic follicle and acinus. Monthly changes in the gonad index reached a maximum in June and a minimum in August. Monthly changes in the condition index reached a maximum in July and a minimum in September. The reproductive cycle of this species can be divided into five successive stages: early active stage (March to May), late active stage (April to June), ripe stage (May to July), spent stage (July to August) and recovery and resting stage (September to March). The spawning of T. granosa occurred in July and August in Yeoja Bay. The sex ratio of female to male was not significantly different from 1:1.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.329-335
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• 2008

This study was intended to research into the possibility of corilagin (CRN) isolated from Euphorbia helioscopia as rheumatoid arthritis drug. For the study, CRN was medicated to the abdominal cavity of collagen induced arthritis (CIA) mice that was a animal model for rheumatoid arthritis and its effects on incidence and arthritis index (AI) were studied. The results were as folllows; Medicating corilagin that were isolated from Euphorbia heliscopia to CIA mice resulted in inhibiting an incidence of arthritis and reducing in arthritis index. It was found that inflammatory cells were remarkably decreased and joint cavity was well secured. Also it was displayed that the formation of pannus was not observed and a cartilage was preserved well by cell histological research. Performing fluorescence flow cytometry of CIA mice resulted in reducing in inflammatory cells infiltrated each tissue.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1235-1240
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to clarify histologically the effects of fermented fishmeal on the growth rate of fish. For this purpose, olive flounders were fed on fermented fishmeal at the substitution ratios of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%, and the effects on the liver and muscle were examined by microscopy. The olive flounder fed on fermented fishmeal at the 25% substitution ratio had the best hepatic condition, as indicated by the highest hepatosomatic index and the lowest fatty liver level, when compared with fish fed the other substitution ratios. The olive flounder fed on fermented fishmeal at the 25% substitution ratio had good motility, based on the presence of wide myocytes. The high growth rate in the olive flounder fed on fermented fishmeal at the 25% substitution ratio therefore seemed to be related to the health status of the liver and muscles. Higher amounts of the fermented fishmeal (75% and 100% substitution ratios) suppressed the growth rate due to adverse effects on hepatic function and motility of the olive flounder.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.55-62
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• 2017

Objectives : This study aims to evaluate the effects of natural herb mixutre (NHM) on atopic dermatitis and skin regeneration using in vivo test. Methods : NHM was prepared with DW. 25% of NHM was applied to skin lesion, where atopic dermatitis was induced by DNCB in NC/Nga mice. The levels of cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, TNF-a, and $IFN-{\gamma}$), and IgE in serum were measured by Luminex. Immune cells (WBC, eosinophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte) in blood were counted by coulter counter. The gross investigation of atopic dermatitis index score test were performed during the NHM treatment period. Also, the histopathological change of dorsal skin was observed by H&E and M&T staining. Results : NHM showed the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, IgE, WBC, eosinophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte in serum or blood were significantly decreased. On the contrary, the productions of FGF, and VEGF were increased in the serum. Also, atopic dermatitis index score in NHM-treated mice were observed in the similar levels to those of normal group. Histological examination demonstrated that NHM suppressed immune cell infiltration and thickening of epidermis, meanwhile the extraction induced collagen production in the dorsal skin. Conclusion : This study demonstrated that NHM is appeared to be effective on atopic dermatitis and skin regeneration efficacy based on the observations with hematologic, gross, and histologic examinations. Therefore, we suggest that NHM could be effectively used as an external therapeutics against atopic dermatitis and a consequence skin damage.