• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.148-157
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• 2012

Recently, evacuation safety of building residents becomes the major concern, as the building has been higher and more complicated. Many high-rise multi use buildings are under construction in Korea. Required evacuation time using stairway is longer in high-rise buildings, moreover it is impossible for the disabled to evacuate by using stairway. For this reason the study on the effectiveness of using elevator for evacuation is being progressed. Elevator shaft flow coefficient is the major factor for the calculation of elevator piston effect. The results of this study can be used for the study of elevator piston effect as basic data. The flow coefficient simulation was performed using FLUENT, commercial CFD program. As a result of the flow coefficient simulation, the coefficient is 0.88 considering the safety factor. This result is verified that the result of experimental study, 0.86 is conservative.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.187-194
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• 2024

The 53-meter tall Albizzia Tower is a white, mineral building with a mixed concrete and wood structure. It harmoniously interacts with the high rises of La Confluence. Its base is largely open, in direct relation to the public space. The spaces are mutable, reversible, moldable thanks to a streamlined structure: posts, beams in glued laminated wood, with posts pushed back on the facade to facilitate the layout of office and housing floors, CLT floors with a span of 7 meters.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2012.04a
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• pp.93-96
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 고층건물에서 화재가 발생할 경우, 방화구획에 의해 건물 내 공기유동특성 변화를 시뮬레이션을 통해 분석하고자 한다. 고층건물의 경우 일반적인 저층 건물과 달리 건물의 형태, 내부 구획 등에 따라 공기유동 특성이 다르게 분포하게 된다. 특히 화재 시에는 방화를 위해 구동되는 방화구획에 따라 내부 공간의 형태, 구획이 변화하여 공기유동의 특성이 변화하게 되므로 본 연구에서는 화재 시 방화구획에 따른 공기유동 특성변화 분석을 실시하였다.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.703-707
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• 2008

This paper proposes a method of design and implementation a simulation system in which humans can plan their evacuation paths in a high-rise building considering damages from high temperature and smoke in case of fire. Humans in evacuation search the nearest exit and follow a path to the exit. When humans are evacuating toward an exit, they are going to move with their highest speeds. However, many environmental factors prohibit their fast movements. In this paper, we calculate the evacuation speed of each human considering temperature damage and smoke damage. We restrict the number of humans that can be evacuated per second according to the actual size of the exit door. Experimental results showed that the evacuation speed is affected by the temperature condition and the smoke density.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.111-112
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• 2023

With the development of cities, the density of the population is continuously increasing as buildings become larger and more high-rise, but since the Haeundae residential complex fire in Busan in 2010, there has been a growing need to meet the fire protection performance of buildings as large-scale fires continue to occur every year. On the other hand, fire doors, which are one of the fire protection performance of buildings, have been judged unqualified in 82% of cases when fire doors constructed on the actual site were inspected after completion. The reason for this is that paper honeycomb and glasswool, which are used as core materials for fire doors, absorb moisture, reducing thermal insulation performance, and sagging due to increased weight, leading to performance degradation due to warping in empty spaces. To overcome these problems, research is underway to apply lightweight aerated concrete, an inorganic material, as a core material. Therefore, in order to select a blowing agent that produces stable bubbles prior to the production of lightweight bubble concrete for application as a fire door inner core, this study examined the physical performance according to the type of blowing agent and dilution concentration, and the following conclusions were drawn. Compared to vegetable bubbles and independent bubbles, synthetic bubbles have 3~8% higher thermal conductivity than independent bubbles, but 3~6% lower slurry density than vegetable bubbles, and 2~13% higher compressive strength, which is thought to be an improvement of synthetic bubbles.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 2024

A composite member made of concrete-filled steel tubes (CFT columns) has been recognized for its fire resistance due to the thermal mass effect of concrete inside the steel tube, as shown in various studies. In this study, the fire resistance performance of reinforced CFT columns under constant axial load was evaluated using finite element analysis with ABAQUS. For this purpose, the variables including cross-section size, steel tube thickness, and concrete cover thickness were set, and the temperature distribution in the column cross-section exposed to a standard fire was investigated using heat transfer analysis. Ultimately, a P-M interaction curve was obtained by evaluating the overall residual strength of columns, and the fire resistance time was determined by evaluating axial displacement-time responses due to the reduction in load capacity during fire through stress analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2014

High strength concrete has a structural advantage as well as superior usability and durability, so that its application in building is being steadily augmented. However, in the high temperature like in a fire, the high strength concrete has extreme danger named explosive spalling. It is known that the major cause of explosive spalling is water vapour pressure inside concrete. General solution for preventing concrete from spalling include applying fire protection coats to concrete in order to control the rising temperature of members in case of fire. The purpose of this study is to investigate the high temperature properties of fireproof mortar using organic fiber and various types of fine aggregate for fire protection covering material. The results showed that addition of perlite and polypropylene fiber to mortar modifies its pore structure and reduces its density. This causes the internal temperature to rise. As a results, it is found that a new fireproof mortar can be used in the fire protection covering material in high strength concrete.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.89-94
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• 2009

The stack effect in high-rise buildings is expected more significant at nights in winter due to the large temperature difference between the inside and outside of the buildings. However, the existence of large openings such as natural ventilators on the floor may effect the position of neutral plane, smoke spread at fire and thus obstruct the door openings for rescue. In this paper, the vertical and horizontal pressure distribution with different openings of natural smoke ventilators was experimentally analyzed by investigating pressure differentials.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.105-111
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• 2019

In South Korea, smoke control systems are designed according to the fire safety standards NFSC501 and NFSC 501A. However, there is a problem in that the design values are incompatible when measuring the performance of the system after the design construction for calculating the leakage crack area described in the standards. Therefore, we compared the standards for smoke control systems from South Korea, Japan, and the United Kingdom. In South Korea, designs are conducted uniformly according to the NFSC 501A Manual, but in Japan and the United Kingdom, designs consider smoke temperature, duct loss, and fire floor air supply. Furthermore, they use larger values than in South Korea.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.327-342
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• 2018

Geopolymer concrete (GPC), which is recognised as an environmentally friendly alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete, has been reported to possess high fire resistance. However, very limited research has been conducted to investigate the behaviour of geopolymer concrete-filled steel tubular (GCFST) columns at either ambient or elevated temperatures. This paper presents the compressive test results of a total of 15 circular concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) stub columns, including 5 specimens tested at room temperature, 5 specimens tested at elevated temperatures and the remaining 5 specimens tested for residual strength after exposure to elevated temperatures. The main variables in the test program include: (a) concrete type; (b) concrete strength; and (c) curing condition of geopolymer concrete. The test results demonstrate that GCFST columns have similar ambient temperature behaviour compared with the conventional CFST counterparts. However, GCFST columns exhibit better fire resistance than the conventional CFST columns. Meanwhile, it is found that the GCFST column made with heat cured GPC has lower strength loss than other columns after exposure to elevated temperatures. The research results highlight the possibility of using geopolymer concrete to improve the fire resistance of CFST columns.