• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2011

In this study, We investigated the properites of nano-emulsions containing hydrogenated lecithin prepared by high pressure homogenizer. The size of droplet of emulsions prepared by homogenizer at various rpm (rotation per minute) was not measured due to the unstability of emulsions, however, the size of droplet of nano-emulsions prepared by high pressure homogenizer was around 300 nm and the appearance of emulsions was bluish. The stability of emulsions with various lecithin concentration was tested against time. POV (Peroxide value) of emulsions were plotted against time. POVs of emulsions prepared with an egg lecithin and a soy lecithin were increased with time, however, POV of emulsion with Lecinol S-$10^{(R)}$ was kept constant within 60 hours and at $60^{\circ}C$. In consumer test, the nano-emulsion showed higher affinity regardless of skin type. Both of irritation scores of emulsions were similar.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.190-195
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• 2016

We report the effect of pressure varying from 0 to 1500 bar on the magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles synthesized from $Fe(OH)_2$ suspension using a high pressure homogenizer without any dispersing agent and oxidant. The observed X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that all the synthesized nanoparticles had the inverse spinel structure of magnetite. It was found from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and XRD analysis that the average size of the synthesized magnetite particles could be controlled by the pressure of the high pressure homogenizer. The average particle size was found to range from 21 to 26 nm and decrease with increasing pressure. Magnetic hysteresis measurements performed at room temperature using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) revealed the appearance of a superparamagnetic behavior in the magnetite nanoparticles synthesized at a pressure of 1500 bar.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.411-416
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• 2005

The aim of the present work was to prepare the nanosuspension of inorganic pigment which shows light reflection and scattering as efficient sunscreen. The zinc oxide (ZnO) was chosen as an inorganic pigment, and high pressure homogenizer and bead mill have been used for the preparation of nanosuspension. The ZnO nanosuspensions were characterized by particle size, in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) and UV transmittance. ZnO nanosuspension prepared by bead mill showed the average diameter of $119{\pm}4\;nm$, resulting in the high value of SPF $(28.74{\pm}2.06,\;n=20)$, while that prepared by high pressure homogenizer showed the average diameter of $751{\pm}32\;nm$ with the relative lower value of SPF $(21.38{\pm}1.94\;n=20)$. In addition, the film of ZnO nanosuspension prepared by bead mill was showed a high visible ray (VIS) transmittance, indicating a high transparency. In conclusion, a physically stable ZnO nanosuspension in cyclomethicone was successfully prepared using bead mill for the suitable sunscreen preparations.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2020

In this study, manganese dioxide (MnO₂) nanoparticles were synthesized from KMnO₄ and MnCl₂·4H₂O without any dispersing agents and oxidant via ultra-high pressure homogenization process. We investigated various physicochemical properties and CO oxidation reactions of the MnO₂ nanoparticles as a function of the number of passes at 1,500 bar in a high pressure homogenizer nozzle. The observed X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the synthesized MnO₂ nanoparticles had a hexagonal structure and a uniform spherical shape. It was found from the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements that the pore size of the MnO₂ nanoparticles ranged from 23.6 to 7.2 nm and their specific surface area ranged from 24 to 208 m²g^-1. In particular, it was confirmed from the measurements of CO conversion into CO₂ that CO oxidation reaction over the MnO₂ nanoparticles exhibited excellent catalytic activity at low temperatures below 100℃.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.404-409
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• 2014

In this study, the effects of high-pressure homogenizer treatment on the physicochemical properties of wheat bran from different areas were evaluated. The results showed that the high-pressure homogenizer process could effectively decrease particle size and loosen the microstructure of the wheat bran matrix. As the particle size decreased, the bulk density of wheat bran was significantly decreased (p<0.05) and the water-holding capacity, swelling capacity, oil-holding capacity, and cation-exchange capacity were substantially increased. In addition, microscopic analysis revealed the gradual disintegration of the original cell wall structure and the dissociation of bran tissues over the course of high-pressure homogenization treatment. Scanning electron micrographs showed that the process could also effectively separate out the structural components of wheat bran. These results suggest that the high-pressure homogenizer process is an effective method to modify the physicochemical properties of wheat bran and likely other cereal brans, which might provide potential fiber-rich ingredients for use in functional foods.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.79-85
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• 2024

We investigated the crystal structural property and chemical bonding nature of cellulose nanocrystal extracted directly from cotton cellulose using high-pressure homogenizer. The nanowire-like cellulose nanocrystals were randomly distributed in the form of a dense mesh. Based on calculating the interplanar distance of the Bragg-diffracted crystal plane observed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, it was found that the cellulose nanocrystals formed by high-pressure homogenizer had a monoclinc crystal structure, corresponding to the cellulose Iβ sub-polymorph. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis for the quantitatively evaluation of the amorphous region in cellulose nanocrystals revealed that the crystallinity index of cellulose nanocrystals was calculated to be 53.06 %. The O/C ratio of the surface of cellulose nanocrystal was estimated to be 0.82. Further analysis showed that chemical bonds of C-C bond or C-H bond, C-O bond, O-C-O bond or C=O bond, and O-C=O bond were the main chemical bonding states of the cellulose nanocrystal surface.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

Response surface methodology (RSM) is a statistical approach widely used in food processing to optimize the formulation, processing conditions, and quality of food products. The homogenization process is achieved by subjecting milk to high pressure, which breaks down fat globules and disperses fat more evenly throughout milk. This study focuses on an application of RSM including the logit transformation to predict the efficiency of milk homogenization, which can be maximized by minimizing the relative difference in fat percentage between the top part and the remainder of milk. To avoid a negative predicted value of the minimum of this proportion, the logit transformation is used to turn the proportion into the logit, whose possible values are real numbers. Then, the logit values are modeled and optimized. Subsequently, the logistic transformation is used to turn the predicted logit into the predicted proportion. From our model, the optimum condition for the maximized efficiency of milk homogenization was predicted as the combination of a homogenizer pressure of 30 MPa, a storage temperature of 10℃, and a storage period of 10 days. Additionally, with a combination of a homogenizer pressure of 30 MPa, a storage temperature of 10℃, and a storage period of 50 days, the level of milk homogenization was predicted to be acceptable, even with the problem of extrapolation taken into account.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.197-205
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• 2011

Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with 50~100 nm diameter were manufactured from micro-size cellulose by an application of a high-pressure homogenizer at 1,400 bar. High strength nanopapers were prepared over a filter paper by a vacuum filtration from CNF suspension. After reinforcing and dispersing CNF suspension, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based composites were tailored by solvent- and film-casting methods, respectively. After 2, 4, 6 and 8 passes through high-pressure homogenizer, the tensile strength of the nanopapers were extremely high and increased linearly depending upon the pass number. Chemical modification of 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyl-triethoxysilane (PFDTES) on the nanopapers significantly increased the mechanical strength and water repellency. The reinforcement of 1, 3, and 5 wt% CNF to HPC and PVA resins also improved the mechanical properties of the both composites.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.530-535
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• 2020

A ceramide-containing nanoemulsion was synthesized by using a High-Pressure Homogenizer (HPH) to observe its changes in properties and long-term stability. The droplet size, droplet distribution and zeta potential of nanoemulsion were examined by varying the pressure and the number of passes of the HPH. The increase in HPH pressure and number of passes decreased the average droplet size and made the nanoemulsion more uniform. However, beyond certain operating condition, the recombination between the droplets was confirmed due to droplet surface energy and emulsifier. This study also shows that the decrease in droplet size increased the nanoemulsion viscosity although only minimal changes occurred in the zeta potential. The formed nanoemulsion was then tested for its stability by storing it at 25 and 45 ℃ for 28 days. During the first week, the average droplet size increased due to recombination and then subsequently remained constant. We confirmed that ceramide nanoemulsion for industrial application could be synthesized by using HPH.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.324-329
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• 2008

The effect of ultra-high pressure homogenization on the emulsifying properties of whey protein was investigated in a model emulsion made with whey protein isolate and soya oil under various pH. The emulsifying properties, the average diameter of the oil droplets ($d_{vs}$), and the protein load, were measured for each emulsion produced at different homogenization pressures (50 to 200 MPa) and pH values (4.6 to 8.0). According to the results of variance analysis and response surface, the pH had more influence on oil droplet size and protein load than homogenization pressure. The model equations, which were obtained by response surface analysis, show that pH and homogenization pressure had the major effect on oil droplet size and protein load. Higher homogenization pressure decreased the average droplet size and the protein load. Homogenization at high pressure, as opposed to low pressure, causes no overprocessing, but the effect was pH-dependent. The average diameter of the oil droplets increased slightly by decreasing the pH from 8.0 to 6.5 and then increased dramatically toward the isoelectric point of whey protein (i.e., at pH 4.6). Moreover associated droplets were found at acidic pH and their size was increased at high temperature.