• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
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• pp.295-296
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• 2006

High hardness of P/M parts can be obtained in the cooling section of the sintering furnace by using sinter hardenable materials, thus the post-sintering heat treatment can be eliminated. However, the sinter hardened materials would have difficulties in secondary machining if it is required, which will limit the applications of sinter hardenable materials in the machined parts. Recent development in warm compaction technology can enable us not only to achieve the high green density up to $7.4\;g/cm^3$, but also the high green strength which is needed for green machining. Therefore by using warm compaction technology, the green machining can be applied to sinter hardenable materials for the high density, strength and hardness P/M parts. In the present study, a pre-alloyed steel powder, ATOMET4601, was used by mixing with 2.0% copper, 1.0% nickel, 0.9% graphite and a proprietary lubricant using a binder treatment process - FLOMET. The specimens were compacted and green machined with different machining parameters. The machined surface finish and part integrity were evaluated in selecting the optimal conditions for green machining. The possibility of applying the green machining to the high-density structural parts was explored.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.362-366
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• 2007

Magnesium and magnesium alloys are promising materials for light weight and high strength applications. In order to obtain homogeneous and high quality products in powder compaction and powder forging processes, it is very important to control density and density distributions in powder compacts. In this study, a model for densification of metallic powder is proposed for pure magnesium. The mode] considers the effect of powder characteristics using a pressure-dependent critical density yield criterion. Also with the new model, it was possible to obtain reasonable physical properties of pure magnesium powder using cold iso-state pressing. The proposed densification model was implemented into the finite element method code. The finite element analysis was applied to simulating die compaction of pure magnesium powders in order to investigate the density and effective strain distributions at room temperature.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.356-364
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• 1998

$ZTA:\;Al_2O_3/\;15\;vol{%}\;ZrO_2$ (Zirconia Toughened Alumina : ZTA)를 상압소결에 의해 제조시 분무건조한 granule의 특성에 따른 성형밀도 및 소결밀도의 변화를 고찰하여, 소결밀도의 재현성을 향상시킬 수 있는 성령 공정 조건을 제시하였다. 결합제의 첨가 유무에 따라 granule의 구형도, 평균크기, granule 내의 hollow의 생성정도, 수분함유량 등이 다름을 확인하였다. granule의 물성 차이가 성형거동에 미치는 영향을 성형압(80~120MPa)과 성형방법(일축성형과 정수압 성형)에 따른 성형밀도의 변화를 통하여 조사하였다. granule의 특성 변화에 의한 밀도의 낮은 재현성은 성형압과 성형방법의 최적화를 통하여 극복될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 즉 가능한 낮은 압력(80MPa)에서 일축성형한 후 고압(500MPa)에서 정수압 성형하였을 때 소결후 밀도변화는 1%이내에서 조절되었다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.81-103
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• 1979

The weathered granite soil involves problems in its stability in soil structures depending upon the reduction of soil strength due to the water absorption, crushability, and content of colored mineral and feldspar. As an attemt to solve the problems associated with soil stability, the crushability of weathered granite soil was investigated by conducting tests such as compaction test, CBR test, unconfined compression test, direct shear test, triaxial compression test, and permeability test on the five soil samples different in weathering and mineral compositions. The experimental results are summarized as follows: The ratio of increasing dry density in the weathered granite soil was high as the compaction energy was low, while it was low as the compaction energy was increased. The unconfined compressive strength. and CBR value were highest in the dry side rather than in the soil with the optimum moisture content, when the soil was compacted by adjusting water content. However, the unconfined compressive strength of smples, which were compacted and oven dried, were highest in the wet side rather than in soil with the optimum moisture content. As the soil becomes coarse grain, the ratio of specific surface area increased due to increased crushability, and the increasing ratio of the specific surface area decreased as the compaction energy was increased. The highest ratio of grain crushability was attained in the wet side rather than in the soil with the optimum moisture content. Such tendency was transforming to the dry side as the compaction energy was increased. The effect of water on the grain crushability of soil was high in the coarse grained soil. The specific surface area of WK soil sample, when compacted under the condition of air dried and under the optimum moisture content, was constant regardless of the compaction energy. When the weathered granite soil and river sand with the same grain size were compacted with low compaction energy, the weathered granite soil with crushability had higher dry density than river sand. However, when the compaction energy reached to certain point over limitation, the river sand had higher dry density than the weathered granite soil. The coefficient of permeability was lowest in the wet side rather than in the optimum moisture content, when the soil was compacted by adjusting soil water content. The reduction of permeability of soil due to the compaction was more apparent in the weathered granite soil than in the river sand. The highly significant correlation coefficient was obtained between the amount of particle breakage and dry density of the compacted soil.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.25-37
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 고함수비 상태의 흙의 토목섬유 보강에 의한 다짐효과를 확인하고자 실내다짐실험, 현장다짐실험, 수치해석을 실시하였다. 토목섬유의 구속효과를 검증하기 위해 D다짐실험의 몰드(래머/몰드의 면적비=0.33) 보다 큰 몰드(래머/몰드의 면적비=0.19)를 이용하여 다짐을 실시한 결과, D다짐실험에서는 고함수비 구간의 건조밀도가 0.5~0.6% 증가하였지만, 큰 몰드를 이용한 다짐실험에서는 2.4~3.7%가 증가하는 것으로 분석되어 하중 작용면에 비해 측면지반의 면적이 충분히 넓을 경우, 함수비가 높은 구간에서도 토목섬유 보강에 의한 구속효과가 발생하였다. 현장다짐실험에서 '전압면으로부터의 심도(z/B)'에 따른 고함수비 구간 흙의 다짐효과를 분석한 결과, 무보강 시에는 과도전압으로 인해 다짐상태가 나빠져 다짐이 잘 되지 않았지만, 토목섬유를 보강할 경우 구속효과의 발생으로 다짐층에 다짐에너지가 효과적으로 전달되고 건조밀도가 증가함을 확인하였다. 또한, 토목섬유와 토사층의 거동에 대한 개념적 모델을 통하여 토목섬유의 보강으로 인한 지반내 매커니즘을 설명하였고, 이를 유한요소해석을 통해 검증하였다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.380-385
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• 2007

Characteristics of Al-based composites with waste stainless steel short fiber, fabricated by magnetic pulsed compaction and sintering were investigated. The compacts prepared by magnetic pulsed compaction showed high relative density and homogeneous microstructure compared with that by conventional press compaction. The relative density of sintered composites at $430^{\circ}C$ for 1 h exhibited the same value with compacts and decreased with increase in STS short fiber content. The reaction between Al and STS phase was confirmed by the microstructural analysis using EDS. The sintered composites, prepared by magnetic pulsed compaction, showed increased hardness value with increasing STS fiber content. Maximum yield strength of 100 MPa and tensile strength of 232 MPa were registered in the AI-based composite with 30 vol% STS short fiber.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 세라믹 제품의 고밀도를 얻기 위해 분말 압축 성형 공정 변수의 최적화가 수행되었다. 이를 위해 먼저 임의의 초기 밀도를 갖는 분말 성형체를 모델링하였다. 그리고 반복 가압 성형 공정시 상대밀도에 영향을 주는 Al₂O₃ 입자의 크기, 반복 가압 진폭 크기, 그리고 마찰계수에 따른 상대밀도의 변화를 유한요소법으로 해석하였다. 유한요소 해석 결과를 반응 표면법으로 수식화한 후, 격자 탐색법으로 가압 성형 공정 변수의 최적 조건을 찾았다. 입자의 크기가 22.5 ㎛, 반복 가압 진폭이 75 MPa, 마찰계수가 0.1103인 경우에 상대 밀도 값이 0.9390으로 최대가 되었다.

• 지질공학
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.439-445
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• 2016

신축되는 공항은 미래 항공수요를 선점하고 주변지역 공항들과의 경쟁에서 앞서나가기 위해, 고품질의 활주로를 건설하고자 체계적으로 활주로 하부지반 건설에 임하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 여객계류장 운영시 하부 연약지반의 잔류침하를 최소화 할 수 있도록 시공관리하기 위하여 기존의 표준다짐시험의 단점을 보완하는 연구를 하고자 하였으며, 직경 100 mm 이하의 성토 재료를 사용한 4개소 현장에서 성토재료를 채취하여 표준다짐시험(KS F 2312), 대형원형몰드 다짐시험, 물치환 현장밀도시험(ASTM D 5030)을 수행하였다. 현장밀도시험과 표준 실내다짐시험의 상관관계를 회귀분석 하면, 유의수준(P-value) 0.05에서 신뢰할 수 없는 값을 나타내었으며, 현장밀도시험과 대형 실내다짐시험의 회귀분석 결과 상관계수(R)가 0.8878로 상관관계가 높게 나타났다. 설계 및 시공에 사용되는 최대건조밀도를 평가할 때 성토재료의 최대치수를 고려하여 다짐시험방법이 선택되어야만 현장여건이 충실히 반영되어 전체적으로 균질한 품질의 시공이 이루어 질 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.40-44
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• 2019

In this study, the effects of the compaction method for (Mg+2B) powders on the apparent density and superconducting properties of $MgB_2$ bulk superconductor were investigated. The raw powders used in this study were nano-sized boron (B) and spherical magnesium (Mg). A batch of a powder mixture of (Mg+2B) was put in a steel mold and uniaxially pressed at 1 ton or 3 tons into pellets. Another batch of the powder mixture was uniaxially pressed at 1 ton and then pressed isostatically at $1800kg/cm^2$ in the water chamber. All pellets were heat-treated at $650^{\circ}C$ for 1 h in flowing argon gas for the formation of $MgB_2$. The apparent density of powder compacts pressed at 3 ton was higher than that at 1 ton. The cold isostatic pressing (CIP) in a water chamber allowed further increase of the apparent density of powder compacts, which influenced the pellet density of the final products ($MgB_2$). The compaction methods (uniaxial pressing and CIP) did not affect the formation of $MgB_2$ and superconducting critical temperature ($T_c$) of $MgB_2$, but affected the critical current density ($J_c$) of $MgB_2$ significantly. The sample with the high apparent density showed high $J_c$ at 5 K and 20 K at applied magnetic fields (0-5 T).

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.268-274
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• 2009

For the purpose of obtaining basic information on the development of lead-free materials, a high density composites (a) W-Cu, (b) W-Sn (c)W-Cu-Sn and (d) W-Cu-Ni were fabricated by the P/M method. The particle size of used metal powders were under 325 mesh, inner size of compaction mould was $\phi8$ mm, and compaction pressure was 400 MPa. A High density composite samples were sintered at a temperature between $140^{\circ}C$ and $1050^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour under Ar atmosphere. The microstructure, phase transformation and physical properties of the sintered samples were investigated. As the results, the highest relative density of 95.86% (10.87 g/$cm^3$) was obtained particularly in the sintered W-Cu-Sn ternary system sample sintered at 450 for 1hr. And, Rockwell hardness (HRB) of 70.0 was obtained in this system.