• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.401-407
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• 2022

Background: The present study aimed to digitally evaluate the risk of overwork-related adverse effects (OrAEs) among employees from various occupational categories in Taiwan. Methods: Anonymous data of employees from seven companies/factories providing occupational health services were analyzed. The studied population comprised 5505 employees, and the data analyzed included employment duration, working hours, shift work schedules, and health checkup results. The risk for OrAEs was assessed by an index, Karo index (0-4, the larger the value, the higher the risk for OrAEs) obtained using a risk matrix made up of cardiocerebral and occupational risk factors. Karo index values of 3 and 4 were categorized as at high risk for OrAEs (h-OrAEs). Results: The 5505 employees had an average employment duration of 8.5 years and a mean age of 39.4 years. The prevalence rates for h-OrAEs of the seven companies/factories ranged from 3.9% to 34.2%. There were significant differences in prevalence rates for h-OrAEs between employees of retail stores and high-tech manufacturing factories. Multivariate analysis results indicated that workers of high-tech manufacturing factories had significantly higher risk for h-OrAEs compared with retail store workers. Conclusion: In terms of satisfying health risk management and legal requirements in Taiwan, the newly issued Karo index, which covers a wide range of occupational risk factors, can serve as an assessment and a warning tool for managing the risk of OrAEs in workplaces. To reduce risks for h-OrAEs, active and prudent control of cerebrocardiovascular risks and working hours is recommended.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2643-2647
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• 2013

Background: Despite anti-smoking campaigns, smoking prevalence among Thai males aged 30 or older is high, at around 50%. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between smoking and mortality in a rural Thai community. Materials and Methods: Subjects enrolled into the Khon Kaen cohort study between 1990 and 2001 were followed up for their vital status until $16^{th}$ March 2012. The death resource was from the Bureau of Policy and Strategy, Ministry of Interior, Thailand. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyse the association between smoking and death, controlling for age, education level and alcohol drinking, and confidence intervals were calculated using the floating risk method. Results: The study recruited 5,962 male subjects, of whom 1,396 died during a median 13.5 years of follow-up. Current smokers were more likely to die than never smokers after controlling for age, education level and alcohol drinking (HR, 95%CI: 1.41, 1.32-1.51), and the excess mortality was greatest for lung cancer (HR, 95%CI: 3.51, 2.65-4.66). However, there was no increased risk with increasing dose of tobacco, and no difference in risk between smokers of yamuan (hand-rolled cigarettes) and manufactured tobacco. Conclusion: Mortality from cancer, particularly lung cancer, and from all causes combined is dependent on smoking status among men in rural Thailand, but the relative risks are lower than have been reported from studies in high income countries, where the tobacco epidemic is more established.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.378-384
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• 2021

Objectives: Horse trainers ensure the horses they are training and monitor horse's health, hygiene. While most of the studies on horse trainer's health focused on musculoskeletal disorders, few studies have examined the health effect of occupational exposure. This study aimed to investigate the risk of lung cancer in Korean Horse trainers. Methods: Among the largest health screening program of health screening service of the National Health Insurance Corporation, 2,246 workers were selected for study. We utilized data from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) National Cohort Data Base 2005-2017. We performed analyses using a Cox's proportional hazards model to identify the risk of lung cancer in Horse trainers. Results: This study found that the horse trainers group had a higher risk of lung cancer 10.07 (95% CI :2.38-42.64) compared to other occupational group. Additionally, there was 6.5 times higher risk of lung cancer in non-smoker horse trainers group. Conclusions: We, thus, verified horse trainers could have relation with increase of lung cancer risk. As lung cancer is known as a cancer with a high contribution of occupational factors compared to other cancers, it is necessary to determine the efficacy of continuous attention and active management of occupational exposure.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.321-331
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• 2021

본 연구는 성인 1인 가구의 고위험 음주에 관한 영향요인을 분석하고자 시도되었다. 본 연구는 2018년 지역사회 건강조사 자료를 활용하였으며, 연구대상자는 만 19세 이상의 음주경험이 있는 1인 가구 32,389명이었다. 자료 분석을 위해 대상자를 지역사회건강조사의 고위험 음주율 지표에 따라 고위험음주군을 추출하여 인구사회학적 특성, 건강관련 특성의 차이 및 고위험음주 영향요인을 파악하였다. 자료 분석은 IBM SPSS 25.0 프로그램을 이용하여 복합표본설계를 적용하였다. 연구결과, 우리나라 1인 성인 가구의 고위험 음주율은 15.0%(남성 25.8%, 여성 5.8%)로 나타났고, 고위험 음주의 영향요인은 연령과 고등학교 이하의 교육수준, 서비스직 종사, 흡연을 하는 경우, 우울감을 경험한 경우, 고혈압을 진단받은 경우, 아침식사를 규칙적으로 하지 않는 경우가 남성과 여성의 공통요인으로 나타났으며, 남성에게만 영향을 주는 요인은 스트레스, 여성에게만 영향을 주는 요인은 당뇨 진단을 받은 경우로 나타났다. 연령의 경우 남성은 장년층에서, 여성은 20-30대 청년층에서 고위험 음주 위험성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 국가 경제력의 원동력인 청장년층의 고위험 음주율이 높고, 특히 스트레스나 우울감 경험 등의 정신적인 요인이 고위험 음주 영향요인으로 나타난 본 연구결과는 1인 가구의 고위험 음주율을 낮추기 위해서는 건강행태 및 생활습관의 세밀한 분석을 통한 맞춤형 보건정책과 함께 정신건강 프로그램의 연계가 필요함을 시사한다.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.67-79
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• 2017

Purpose: This research aimed to study the awareness of marriage, childbirth, fertility and high-risk pregnancy among university students. Methods: 250 university students from Seoul and Gyeonggi-do completed questionnaires regarding their awareness on marriage, childbirth, fertility, and high-risk pregnancy. Results: The average age of participants was 22.5. The ideal marriage age was 29.8. 201 (80.4%) participants had an intention of getting married, and 160 (60.4%) answered they should have children. The ideal age of first childbirth was 30.4 and last childbirth was 35.1. There were 126 (50.4%) with prior education regarding high-risk pregnancy, subfertility or infertility. The score of needs for education associated with pregnancy was 7.6 out of 10. The average correct answer rate of awareness of fertility issues was 30.7%. There were significant differences between men and women, 25% of men and 38% of women overestimated the age at women are most fertile. Only 23.7% of men and 25.9% of women knew the correct age when there was marked decrease in women's fertility. Conclusion: Awareness of a lack of marriage, childbirth, fertility, and high-risk pregnancy may influence future family planning and health. These results can be used to plan programs or education for marriage, pregnancy, and childbirth.

• Healthcare Informatics Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.387-393
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• 2018

Objectives: This paper describes an experience of implementing seamless service trials online and offline by adopting Internet of Things (IoT) technology based on near-field communication (NFC) tags and Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) beacons. The services were provided for both patients and health professionals. Methods: The pilot services were implemented to enhance healthcare service quality, improve patient safety, and provide an effective business process to health professionals in a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Korea. The services to enhance healthcare service quality include healing tours, cancer information/education, psychological assessments, indoor navigation, and exercise volume checking. The services to improve patient safety are monitoring of high-risk inpatients and delivery of real-time health information in emergency situations. In addition, the services to provide an effective business process to health professionals include surveys and web services for patient management. Results: Considering the sustainability of the pilot services, we decided to pause navigation and patient monitoring services until the interference problem could be completely resolved because beacon signal interference significantly influences the quality of services. On the other hand, we had to continue to provide new wearable beacons to high-risk patients because of hygiene issues, so the cost increased over time and was much higher than expected. Conclusions: To make the smart connected hospital services sustainable, technical feasibility (e.g., beacon signal interference), economic feasibility (e.g., continuous provision of new necklace beacons), and organizational commitment and support (e.g., renewal of new alternative medical devices and infrastructure) are required.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1003-1012
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• 2010

This study analyzed purchase behavior according to the risk perceptions when customers buy Cosmetics at Internet Shopping Malls. Participants were 232 women in their 20s and 30s with more than one buying experience at an internet fashion shopping mall. Data were analyzed using factor analysis, Cronbach's analysis, cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA and a Duncan test. Results were as follows. Firstly, five factors of risk perception were identified: These were the payment risk, service risk, quality risk, price risk and experience risk. Secondly, customers of internet shopping malls could be categorized into three groups: A low risk perception group, a payment risk perception group and a high risk perception group. Factor analysis showed significant differences between these groups( p<.001). Thirdly, purchase behavior based on the purchase standards, purchase items, information searching were investigated according to the different groups of risk perception of internet shopping malls and results again significant differences between groups (p<.05, p<.001).

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.390-399
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• 2022

Cyber security and resilience are phrases that describe safeguards of ICTs (information and communication technologies) from cyber-attacks or mitigations of cyber event impacts. The sole purpose of Risk models are detections, analyses, and handling by considering all relevant perceptions of risks. The current research effort has resulted in the development of a new paradigm for safeguarding services offered online which can be utilized by both service providers and users. customers. However, rather of relying on detailed studies, this approach emphasizes task selection and execution that leads to successful risk treatment outcomes. Modelling intelligent CSGs (Cyber Security Games) using MLTs (machine learning techniques) was the focus of this research. By limiting mission risk, CSGs maximize ability of systems to operate unhindered in cyber environments. The suggested framework's main components are the Threat and Risk models. These models are tailored to meet the special characteristics of online services as well as the cyberspace environment. A risk management procedure is included in the framework. Risk scores are computed by combining probabilities of successful attacks with findings of impact models that predict cyber catastrophe consequences. To assess successful attacks, models emulating defense against threats can be used in topologies. CSGs consider widespread interconnectivity of cyber systems which forces defending all multi-step attack paths. In contrast, attackers just need one of the paths to succeed. CSGs are game-theoretic methods for identifying defense measures and reducing risks for systems and probe for maximum cyber risks using game formulations (MiniMax). To detect the impacts, the attacker player creates an attack tree for each state of the game using a modified Extreme Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (that sees numerous compromises ahead). Based on the findings, the proposed model has a high level of security for the web sources used in the experiment.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.205-222
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• 2021

Purpose - Due to the Covic-19 pandemic, the perceived value of video conferencing platforms has been increased drastically. However, there is little guidance on how service providers can improve video conferencing platforms. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that influence the users' perceived value of video conferencing services based on the heuristic-systematic model and the value-based adoption model. Design/Methodology/Approach - In this paper, we theoretically explore the relationship of the antecedents of perceived value(credibility, expertise, attractiveness, economic feasibility, security, and interactivity) and its outcomes (perceived usefulness, perceived risk and perceived value). The outcomes of this research is a conceptualization of antecedents of perceived value supported by research hypothesis based on the existing literature. A total of 100 valid questionnaires were collected to empirically test the research model. Findings - The analysis results showed that credibility, economic feasibility, and interactivity positively influenced perceived usefulness. On the other hand, credibility, professionalism and interactivity negatively influenced perceived risk. Perceived usefulness positively affects perceived value and perceived risk has a negative effect on perceived value. The brand image as a moderating variable was found to decrease the effect of perceived risk on perceived value. Research Implications - The contribution of this study is significant for video conferencing providers as follows. First, a service provider can actively utilize influencers or referees with high credibility and expertise to maximize the perceived usefulness of users. Second, economic feasibility should be ensured in respect of users through various alliance discount strategies. Third, a video conferencing service company needs to build a positive brand image in order to increase users' perceived value.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.682-694
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• 2015

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between white rice consumption and dietary intake, the risk of metabolic syndrome in Korean based on $1^{st}$ (1998), $4^{th}$ (2007~2009), $6^{th}$ (2013) KNHANES. This study included 25,799 subjects who were age 10 or over. Three groups(low, medium, high) were divided according to white rice consumption (per day). In the low group, the meat and oil intake were significantly higher than the high group. In the $1^{st}$ survey year, the BMI, waist circumstances, hypertriglyceridemia and fasting blood glucose in the high group were higher than other groups, however the $4^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ survey year showed no significant results. In the $1^{st}$ survey year the risk of waist circumstances was higher in the high white rice consumption group and also had high risk with hypertriglyceridemia. Since the lower white rice consumption in $4^{th}$ than $1^{st}$ survey year we found no significant results. But in the 6th survey year with the lowest white rice consumption the risk of high diastolic pressure was reduced in high group. Because continuously reduced white rice consumption meantime showed more intake of meat and oil, it can be concluded that defensive effects with the Korean health.