• 한국섬유공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국섬유공학회 1990년도 제2차 학술발표초록집
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• pp.36-37
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• 1990

In the past, facile dissolution of cellulose has been hampered by the lack of suitable nondegrading solvents. Recently, this problem has been solved in our laboratory by the discovery of an inexpensive, convenient solvent system, that is the mixture of $NH_3\;and\;NH_4SCN$, for cellulose. Also, the $cellulose/NH_3/NH_4SCN$ solution system has been found to form the anisotropic, i.e., liquid crystalline phase. It is believed that both the cholesterio and the nematic phase occur. This finding has prompted extensive on-going researoh on the formation of the liquid crystalline phase from an inexpensive natural source such as cellulose since the nematic phase is envisioned as an excellent precursor sources for products with desirable properties, for example, high modulus and high strength. This interest naturally leads to a desire to understand the theological properties of the nematic phase so that the transformation of the nematic phase to the solid state with desirable properties can be efficiently accomplished, ;From this point of view, the theological behavior of the $cellulose/NH3_/NH_4SCN$ system has been studied as a function of shear rate and shear stress over a wide range of solvent compositions, cellulose concentration, centrifugation and urea contents, Results indicate that the viscosity decreases with increasing shear rate. A marked shear thinning behavior and a quasi-Newtonian behavior were observed in the low shear rate region and in the high shear rate region, respectively for all solvent compositions. The $cellulose/NH_3/NH_4SCN$ solution system only exhibited the viscosity increase with increasing cellulose concentration and failed to show the viscosity drop generally observed at the point of incipience of liquid crystal formation, This may be due to the gel-like nature of the solution by the association of the rodlike molecules into bundles which may serve as crosslinking points giving the cellulose solution a network structure. Also, simply hydrogen bonding may be so restrictive of molecular mobility that a viscosity drop is blocked. In addition to the above results, yield stress and thixotropy were also observed in the $cellulose/NH_3/NB_4SCN$ solution system which are characteristics of liquid crystal and gel, The results of the effect of centrifugation on viscosity show that viscosity decreases by the application of centrifugation. This may be explained by the change of the piled polydomain structure to the dispersed polydomain structure due to the pressure gradient generated during centrifugation.ation.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2023

합성 제올라이트 X의 고온 고압 하에서 압력 전달 매개체에 따른 체적탄성계수와 상전이 특성을 이해하기 위해 X-선 분말 회절 연구를 진행하였다. 제올라이트 X에 물과 탄산 용액을 압력전달매개체로 사용하여 상온 상압에서 최대 250 ℃, 5.18 GPa까지 가열 및 가압하는 과정에서 나타나는 단위포 부피 변화와 상전이를 방사광 X-선 회절을 통해 관찰하였다. 르바일의 전체 분말 패턴 분해법이 적용된 GSAS2 프로그램을 사용하여 각 압력 단계에서 제올라이트 X와 그멜리나이트, 나트로라이트, 스멕타이트의 격자상수와 단위포 부피를 도출하였다. 버치-머내한 2차 방정식이 적용된 EosFIt 프로그램을 사용하여 각 제올라이트 X와 스멕타이트의 체적탄성계수를 구하였다. 물을 사용한 실험에서 제올라이트 X의 체적탄성계수는 89(3) GPa, 탄산 수용액을 사용한 실험에서 제올라이트 X의 체적탄성계수는 92(3) GPa이다. 두 실험 모두 최초 가압 시 제올라이트 X 내부로 압력 전달 매개체의 유입으로 인한 부피 증가 현상이 발생하였다. 물을 사용한 실험에서 제올라이트 X는 그멜리나이트, 나트로라이트, 스멕타이트로 상전이 하였으며, 탄산 수용액을 사용한 실험에서 제올라이트 X는 스멕타이트로 상전이 하였다. 물을 사용한 실험에서 나타난 제올라이트 간 변화는 탄산 수용액을 사용한 실험에서는 발생하지 않았으며, 이는 특정 제올라이트 생성 조건이 압력 전달 매개체 pH와 연관이 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.634-640
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• 2002

To improve the ductility of mTEX>$(Al +12.5%Cu)<_3$Zr intermetallics, which are the potential high temperature structural materials, the mechanical alloying behavior, the effect of pressure and temperature on the $Ll_2$, phase formation and the behavior of the cold isostatic press and sintering were investigated. However mechanically alloyed A1$_3$Zr alloy have been known to have high mechanical strength even at high temperature, its workability was poor. A method of solution is refined grain size and phase transformation from $DO_{23}$ to $Ll_2$.$ Ll_2$ structure TEX>$(Al+12.5%Cu)<_3$Zr with nanocrystalline microstructure intermetallic powders where were prepared by mechanical alloying of elemental powders. Grain sizes of the as milled powders were less than 10nm (from transmission electron microscopy, TEM). Thermal analyses showed that $Ll_2$ structure was stable up to$ 800^{\circ}C$ for 1hour $(Al+ 12.5%Cu)<_3$Zr. $(Al+12.5%Cu)<_3$Zr has been consolidated by cold isostatic pressing (CIP 138, 207, 276, 414MPa) at room temperature and subsequent heat treatment at high temperatures where $Ll_2$ structure was stable under vacuum atmosphere. The results showed that 94.2% density of Ll$_2$ compacts was obtained for the (Al +12.5%Cu)$_3$Zr by sintering at 80$0^{\circ}C$ for 1hour (under CIPed 207MPa). This compact of the grain size was 40nm.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.100-108
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• 2006

Time-resolved current and voltage measurements for an inductive automotive spark system were made. Also presented are measurements of the total energy delivered to the spark gap. The measurements were made in air for a range of pressures from 1-18atm, at ambient temperatures. The measured voltage and current characteristics were found to be a function of many ignition parameters; some of these include: spark gap distance, internal resistance of the spark plug and high tension wire, and pressure. The voltages presented were measured either at the top of the spark plug or at the spark gap. The measurements were made at different time resolutions to more accurately resolve the voltage and current behavior throughout the discharge process. This was necessary because the breakdown event occurs on a time scale much shorter than the arc and glow phases. The breakdown, are, and glow voltages were found to be functions of spark plug resistance, gas density, and spark plug gap as expected from the literature. Spark duration was found to decrease as either pressure or gap was increased. The transition from the arc to glow phase is usually distinguished by a sudden rise in the voltage across the gap. At pressures above about 7atm this transition was not observed suggesting that a glow phase was not present. Energy delivered to the gap increased with increasing pressure. The effective resistance of the spark gap during discharge was about twice as large for the glow phase as the arc phase.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2015

Polycaprolactone, Dichloromethane, 이산화탄소로 구성된 3성분계 고압 시스템의 상거동 측정 실험은 가변 부피 셀 장치를 이용해서 측정했다. 실험의 온도범위는 313.15 K에서 353.15 K, 압력은 약 300 bar까지 측정했으며 실험결과는 Polycaprolactone의 질량 분율이 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%일 때 온도와 이산화탄소/Dichloromethane의 질량 분율로 정리했다. 또한 실험 결과는 hybrid 상태방정식 (Peng-Robinson 상태방정식과 SAFT 상태방정식의 혼합형태) 을 이용하여 열역학적으로 검증하였으며, 혼합규칙은 반데르 발스의 단일 유체 혼합규칙을 사용했다. 이 다성분계 시스템에서 이원 상호 작용 파라미터 등, 각종 파라미터는 심플렉스 알고리즘을 통해 최적화했다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제46권12호
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• pp.771-779
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• 2008

An effective way of increasing the strength and fracture toughness of reactor pressure vessel steels is to change the material specification from that of Mn-Mo-Ni low alloy steel(SA508 Gr.3) to Ni-Mo-Cr low alloy steel(SA508 Gr.4N). In this study, we evaluate the effects of alloying elements on the microstructural characteristics of Ni-Mo-Cr low alloy steel. The changes in the stable phase of the SA508 Gr.4N low alloy steel with alloying elements were evaluated by means of a thermodynamic calculation conducted with the software ThermoCalc. The changes were then compared with the observed microstructural results. The calculation of Ni-Mo-Cr low alloy steels confirms that the ferrite formation temperature decreases as the Ni content increases because of the austenite stabilization effect. Consequently, in the microscopic observation, the lath martensitic structure becomes finer as the Ni content increases. However, Ni does not affect the carbide phases such as $M_{23}C_6 $ and $M_7C_3$. When the Cr content decreases, the carbide phases become unstable and carbide coarsening can be observed. With an increase in the Mo content, the $M_2C$ phase becomes stable instead of the $M_7C_3$ phase. This behavior is also observed in TEM. From the calculation results and the observation results of the microstructure, the thermodynamic calculation can be used to predict the precipitation behavior.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2009

This basic study is required to examine spray or jet behavior depending on fuel phase. In this study, analyses of diesel fuel(n-Tridecane, $C_{13}H_{28}$) spray and natural gas fuel(Methane, $CH_4$) jet under high temperature and pressure are performed by a general-purpose program, ANSYS CFX release 11.0, and the results of these are compared with experimental results of diesel fuel spray using the exciplex fluorescence method. The simulation results of diesel spray is analyzed by using the combination of Large-Eddy Simulation(LES) and Lagrangian Particle Tracking(LPT) and of a natural gas jet is analyzed by using Multi-Component Model(MCM). There are two study variables considered, that is, ambient pressure and injection pressure. In a macroscopic analysis, the higher ambient pressure is, the shorter spray or jet tip penetration is at each time after start of injection. And the higher injection pressure is, the longer spray or jet tip penetration is at each time after start of injection. When liquid fuel is injected, droplets of the fuel need some time to evaporate. However, when natural gas fuel is injected, the fuel does not need time to evaporate. Gas fuel consists of minute particles. Therefore, the gas fuel is mixed with the ambient gas more quickly at the initial time of injection than the liquid fuel is done. The experimental results also validate the usefulness of this analysis.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.208-212
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• 2018

In this paper, a new $Co_{10}Fe_{10}Mn_{35}Ni_{35}Zn_{10}$ high entropy alloy (HEA) is identified as a strong candidate for the single face-centered cubic (FCC) structure screened using the upgraded TCFE2000 thermodynamic CALPHAD database. The $Co_{10}Fe_{10}Mn_{35}Ni_{35}Zn_{10}$ HEA is fabricated using the mechanical (MA) procedure and pressure-less sintering method. The $Co_{10}Fe_{10}Mn_{35}Ni_{35}Zn_{10}$ HEA, which consists of elements with a large difference in melting point and atomic size, is successfully fabricated using powder metallurgy techniques. The MA behavior, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the $Co_{10}Fe_{10}Mn_{35}Ni_{35}Zn_{10}$ HEA are systematically studied to understand the MA behavior and develop advanced techniques for fabricating HEA products. After MA, a single FCC phase is found. After sintering at $900^{\circ}C$, the microstructure has an FCC single phase with an average grain size of $18{\mu}m$. Finally, the $Co_{10}Fe_{10}Mn_{35}Ni_{35}Zn_{10}$ HEA has a compressive yield strength of 302 MPa.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.277-285
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• 2018

상온에서 남동석($Cu_3(CO_3)_2(OH)_2$)에 대한 고압 거동 연구를 하였다. 대칭형 다이아몬드 앤빌기기를 이용하여 21.52 GPa까지 압력을 증가시키면서 각분산 X-선 회절법과 방사광을 이용하여 고압회절 데이터를 얻었으며, 시료에 가해준 압력은 루비 형광파의 파장 변화를 측정하여 결정하였다. 본 실험에서 시행한 압력의 범위 내에서 상변이는 관찰되지 않았으며, 정압상태에서 체적탄성률($K_0$)은 ${K_0}^{\prime}$이 4일 때, 54.4 GPa로 계산되었다. 상온상태에서 얻은 남동석의 체적탄성률에 대한 신뢰도를 정규화압력 및 정규화응력변형 분석을 통해 검증하였다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.482-489
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• 2008

Ti-Cr alloys consist of BCC solid solution, C36, C14 and C15 Laves phase at high temperature. Among others, the BCC solid solution phase was reported to have a high hydrogen storage capacity. However, activation, wide range of hysteresis at hydrogenation/dehydrogenation, and degradation of hydrogen capacity due to hydriding/dehydriding cycles must be improved for its application. In this study, to improve such problems, we added a Nb. For attaining target materials, Ti-10Cr-xNb(x=1, 3, 5wt.%) specimens were prepared by arc melting. The arc melting process was carried out under argon atmosphere. As-received specimens were characterized using XRD(X-ray diffraction), SEM(Scanning Electron Microscopy) with EDX(Energy Dispersive X-ray) and TG/DSC(Thermo Gravimetric Analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry). In order to examine hydrogenation behavior, the PCI(pressure-Composition-Isotherm) was performed at 293, 323, 373 and 423K.