• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.267-273
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• 2004

Oxidative stress is associated with many kinds of chronic diseases. Antioxidants such as polyphenols are compounds that protect cells against the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species. Grape seeds are considered good resources of polyphenols, and grape seed extracts have a very strong antioxidant effect. In the present study, we established a simple gradient reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography method to determine polyphenol content from three different grape seed resources. An ODS (2), $150\;{\times}\;3.2\;mm$ column has been employed, and six polyphenols have been determined: gallic acid, protochatechuic acid, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, procyanidin B2, and epicatechin gallate. Catechin and epicatechin were the main polyphenol compounds in all three extracts. The amount of procyanidin B2 was higher in Extract 1 (from a company of China), while Extract 2 (extracted in our lab) and Extract 3 (from a company of USA) contained higher proportions of epicatechin gallate. For the total polyphenol content, Extract 1 was much higher than that of Extract 2 and 3. The results suggest that the dietary dose of grape seed extracts from different resources should be adjusted according to polyphenol content.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.13-28
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• 2012

Objectives : The present study aimed to investigate the pharmacological activity of water and ethanol (EtOH) extracts from Socheongnyong-tang (SCNT) on inflammation and its related disease. Methods : The cells were treated with nontoxic concentrations of water and EtOH extract from SCNT in BEAS-2B, HaCaT, RAW 264.7 and 3T3-L1 cells. These cells were stimulated by tumor necrosis facter (TNF)-${\alpha}$, TNF-${\alpha}$/interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), respectively. 3T3-L1 cells were differentiated by insulin. After incubation, supernatant were collected and biological indicator measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results : Our results indicate that the water and EtOH extract of SCNT significantly inhibited the production of regulated on activation normal T-cell expression and secreted (RANTES) by treatment of TNF-${\alpha}$ in BEAS-2B cell, and significantly reduced the production of RANTES and macrophage-derived chemokine increased by treatment of TNF-${\alpha}$/IFN-${\gamma}$ in HaCaT cell. Moreover, those extracts significantly decreased the activity of nitric oxide and prostaglandin $E_2$ in LPS-induced RAW 264.7, and significantly inhibited the increased activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and expression of leptin induced by differentiation in 3T3-L1 cell. Conclusions : These results indicate that both water and EtOH extract of SCNT has powerful effects on inflammation and its related disease. Therefore, SCNT can be developed as a potential pharmacological agent related various diseases. Although the significant effects were observed in both SCNT water and EtOH extract, the EtOH extract was more effective on most experiments than its water extract. Taken together, these findings indicate that the SCNT EtOH extract may have more potential pharmacological agent.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.3 s.134
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• pp.256-262
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• 2003

Lonicerae Flos (LF) has been used as an anticancer, anti-viral, and anti-inflammatory agent in traditional herbal medicine. In this study, induction of rat growth hormone (rGH) by addition of methanol (MeOH) extract of LF of Lonicerae (L.) Folium or several constituents of L. Folium were carried out in the pituitary cell culture system. Induced rGH level by addition of 70% MeOH extract of LF was increased to $732.65{\pm}105.64%$ of control (n=18, p<0.01), however, the other sequential fractions were not significantly different from the control. Ochnaflavone, a constituent of L. Folium, induced rGH level in the cell culture to $329.73{\pm}160.00%$ of control (n=6, p<0.01). An I..v. injection of the MeOH extract of LF did not increase plasma rGH level in anesthetized rats. Unfortunately, the MeOH extract of LF induced prolactin and LH release about 7 and 5 fold of the control, respectively (p<0.05, each). In conclusions, 70% MeOH extract of LF exerted induction of rGH release in rat pituitary cell culture. Further studies to investigate mechanisms of the inducded rGH by LF are in progress.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.85-89
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to study the quantitative analysis of glycyrrhizic acid in Glycyrrhizae Radix extract fermented with Paecilomyces japonica, Ganoderma lucidum, honey or Nuruk. The amounts of dry on loss were measured and the quantitative analysis of glycyrrhizic acid was performed by high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC). HPLC method was performed on C18 column ($250\;mm\;{\times}\;4.6\;mm$, $5\;{\mu}m$, RS tech) using gradient solvent mixtures of water-acetonitrile with photodiode array detector (254 nm). The flow rate was $1.0\;m{\ell}/min$. Retention time of glycyrrhizic acid was about 23.96 min and linearity of calibration was $R^2$=0.9998. Contents of glycyrrhizic acid in Glycyrrhizae Radix extract (control) was $5.048\;{\pm}\;0.14$; Contents of glycyrrhizic acid in Glycyrrhizae Radix extract fermented with Paecilomyces japonica (SDT) was $1.975\;{\pm}\;0.07$; Contents of glycyrrhizic acid in Glycyrrhizae Radix extract fermented with Ganoderma lucidum (SYT) was $2.676 \;{\pm}\;0.07$; Contents of glycyrrhizic acid in Glycyrrhizae Radix extract fermented with honey (SST) was $5.191\;{\pm}\;0.06$; Contents of glycyrrhizic acid in Glycyrrhizae Radix extract fermented with Nuruk (SNT) was $5.305\;{\pm}\;0.34$, respectively. Contents of glycyrrhizic acid in SDT and SYT were decreased but that in SST and SNT was increased when compared to control.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.301-309
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• 2016

Objective : The main objective of the study is to measure the satisfaction of patients with the Bojungikgi-tang Soft Extract, which is a herbal medicine in a new dosage form. Methods : Data were collected from 23 patients at Dongshin University Sunchun Korean Medicine Hospital through survey questionnaires. Results : A total of 23 patients were included in the study to know their satisfaction level towards the Bojungikgi-tang Soft Extract. It was found that most of the respondents were satisfied with the Bojungikgi-tang Soft Extract regarding its effectiveness, taste, convenience, price, and transportability in comparison to existing dosage forms. Conclusion : The study showed that most patients were more satisfied with the new drug dosage form than traditional forms and in needs of diversify of herbal medicine dosage forms.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.106-106
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• 2019

Human needs energy to maintain metabolisms, and these energy sources were uptake foods or nutritions. The most effective source was known for glucose among the nutrients, furthermore the glucose is an important source of energy for blood cells and control brain maintenences cells. But as food is plentiful and eating habits become more westernized, fast food and irregular meal times by works. Nowadays, diabetes were rapidly increased by malnutriton and obesity. Diabetes was the sixth highest on the list of causes of death in Korea, released by the Statistics Korea in 2015, which is considered a serious social problem for adult diseases. Therefore, this study aims to establish the optimal hot water extraction conditions of mixed herbs extract mixture compounds that are effective in diabetes. The independent factors were extraction temperature (X1: $40-120^{\circ}C$), extraction time (X2: 2-10 hrs.), and the ratio of water to sample (X3: 40-200 mg/mL). Their effects were assessed on dependent variables of the extract properties, which included soluble solid contents, Brix of sample extract, total polyphenols content, total flavonoids content and DPPH Radical scavenging activity. As a result, the content of total polyphenol content was the highest in No.12(6 hrs, $120^{\circ}C$, 67 mg/mL) and the highest total flavonoid contents was found in No.16(6 hrs, $80^{\circ}C$, 40 mg/mL). DPPH Radical scavenging activity showed the highest activity in No.7(8 hrs, $100^{\circ}C$, 100 mg/mL).

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.243-249
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• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the effects of fermented extract of Pinus densiflora (FPD) on oxygen radicals and $H_2O_2$-induced damage. The results are as follows: 1. The 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals were considerably reduced by FPD and $IC_{50}$ value was showed the concentration of 20 ㎍／㎖. 2. The cytotoxicity did not observe by FPD treatment in A548 cells. 3. The $H_2O_2$-induced cell damage was recovered by FPD pretreatment in A549 cells. These results suggest that FPD, as a natural antioxidant, has scavenging effect of free radicals and protection effect from $H_2O_2$-induced cytotoxicity.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.81-85
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• 2008

In present study, total phenolic content of crude extract and antiradical activity of crude extract and different solvent fractions of Azadirachta indica were evaluated. Crude extract and most of the polar fractions showed higher radical scavenging activity. Among the crude extract and nine different fractions, the aqueous/methanol (3:1) fraction showed the highest activity.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.105-121
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• 2001

Objectives: Herbal acupuncture has been administered with Liriopis Tuber extract on the point of BL 13 (Pyesu) to treat bronchial asthma and a certain degree of clinical benefits have been observed but lacking scientific substantiation. Methods: The present report describes on Th1 cytokine (Interleukin-2, Interferon-gamma), Th2 cytokine, (Interleukin-4, Interleukin-5), and IL-12 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (ELISA). Five groups were devised to study the effects of herbal acupuncture with Liriopis Tuber extract at BL 13 (Pyesu) for airway inflammation in the mouse model with bronchial asthma. Results shows that herbal acupuncture with Liriopis Tuber extract at BL 13 increased Th1 cytokine (Interleukin-2) in allergic sensitization and allergic challenge, and decreased Th2 cytokine (Interleukin-2, Interleukin-5) in allergic sensitization.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.71-76
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• 2013

Objectives : The biological activities and compound contents of herbal medicine vary depending on manufacturing processes. In this study, we compared anti-inflammatory effects and compound contents of three kinds of multi-herbal extract HT008 produced by different manufacturing processes in order to determine chemical and biological equivalence. Methods : HT008 was produced by three different manufacturing methods: 1. Freeze dried extract of Eleutherococcus senticosus, Scutellaria baicalensis and Angelica sinensis (HT008 FD), 2. Spray dried extract of E. senticosus and S. baicalensis combined with reflux extract of A. sinensis (HT008 SD), 3. Spray dried extract of E. senticosus and S. baicalensis combined with supercritial fluid extract of A. sinensis (HT008 SF). Anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated using acetic acid induced pain model and ${\lambda}$-carageenan induced paw edema model. Compound contents were evaluated by HPLC quantitative analysis of standard compounds of HT008, eleutheroside E, baicalin, z-ligustilide. Results : HT008 FD, HT008 SD and HT008 SF significantly decreased acetic acid induced pain index and ${\lambda}$-carrageenan induced paw edema volume compared with that of control group. There was no significant difference in efficacy among the HT008 FD, HT008 SD and HT008 SF. Standard compound contents of HT008 FD, HT008 SD and HT008 SF were quantified within the range of Korean pharmacopoeia or other research. Conclusions : Three different manufacturing methods of multi-herbal extracts have been developed without noticeable difference in the efficacy or compound contents. The results might be used to establish manufacturing process and industrialization of herbal extracts.