• BMB Reports
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.259-265
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• 1999

This study was designed to examine the anticarcinogenic effect of dietary supplementation with garlic powder on rat hepatocarcinogenesis. All rats were initiated by a single dose (200 mg/body weight) intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN), and three weeks later, subjected to two-thirds partial hepatectomy. Two weeks after initiation, four groups of rats were given experimental diets supplemented with 0 (control group), 0.5, 2.0, or 5.0% garlic powder for 6 weeks. Rats were sacrificed at eight weeks after initiation. The induction of placental glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) positive foci was significantly inhibited almost equally in all three groups fed garlic diets. Glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) activity was increased in rats fed 0.5% and 2.0% garlic powder, and was negatively correlated with the number and area of GST-P positive foci. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) contents were decreased in rats fed 2.0% and 5.0% garlic powder. Only 5.0% garlic powder supplementation significantly increased the glutathione content and the glutathione S-transferase activity, compared to the control group. Therefore, all levels of garlic powder, 0.5% to 5.0%, exerted an anti promotional effect during hepatocarcinogenesis. Dietary supplementation with garlic powder seemed to maintain microsomal membrane integrity by increasing G6Pase activities. Glutathione-dependent detoxifying enzymes did not seem to contribute to this protective effect directly. The present study suggests that garlic powder is effective in inhibiting the induction of GST-P positive foci, possibly by stabilizing the hepatic microsomal membrane.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.682-688
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• 1997

본 논문에서는 당뇨에 의한 CYP2El의 유도와 이에 따른 지질과 산화의 증가에 비타민 C가 미치는 영향을 간 소포체와 미토콘드리아에서 알아보고자 하였다. Cy-tochrome P450의 함량은 간 소포체와 미토콘드리아 모두에서 정상과 당뇨간에 차이를 보이지 않았고, 비타민 C의 공급은 영향이 없었다. Superoxide anion에 의한 지질과 산화에 가장 큰 영향을 끼친다는 CYP2El에 대하여 immunoblotting으로 그 함량을 알아본 결과, 간 소포체 CYP2El이 당뇨에서 증가하고 비타민 C의 보강은 50mg/d의 공급으로도 현저한 감소를 보여 간 소포체 P450의 함량과는 다른 결과를 나타냈다. 간 미토콘드리아의 경우 소포체와 동량(20$\mu\textrm{g}$)의 단백질을 loading하였는데 CYP2El의 발현을 볼 수 없었다. 간 소포체와 미토콘드리아 NDMA demethylase의 활성이 정상군과 당뇨군에서 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 250mg/d의 비타민 C 공급시 간 소포체에서는 유의적으로, 간 미토콘드리아에서는 유의적이지는 않으나 감소하였다. NDMA demethylase의 활성은 CYP1El의 함량을 반영한다고 알려져 있는데 본 연구에서는 동일한 pattern으로 진행되지는 않은 듯하다. NADPH-cyto-chrome c reductase의 활성은 NDMA demethylase의 활성과 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 따라서, 비타민 C의 공 급은 당뇨에 의한 CYP2El의 유도를 감소시키고 NDMA demethylase, NADPH-cyto-chrome c reductase와 같은 약물대사계 효소의 활성을 감소시켜 지질과 산화를 낮출 것으로 사료된다 그러나, 비타민 C의 공급량에 따라 조금씩 다른 결과를 보여 당뇨에 있어 가장 좋은 효과를 보일 수 있는 최적의 비타민 C 보강량을 결정하는 연구가 요구된다. 당뇨군에서 지질과 산화의 지표인 thiobar-bituric acid reactive substances(TBARS)의 함량이 간 소포체에서 유의적으로 증가하였고, 비타민 C의 공급랑에 의존하여 TBARS의 함량이 감소하였다. TBARS의 함량은 NDMA demethylase의 활성과 양의 상관관계를 보여 CYP2E1이 당뇨의 지질과 산화에 영향을 끼친다고 생각된다. 이러한 비타민 C의 항산화 효과는 비타민 C 자체의 항산화 능력, 비타민 E와 glutathione 같은 다른 항산화제의 절약 효과, CYP2El의 유도 저하를 통하는 것으로 생각되며 그중 어떤 것에 가장 큰 영향을 받는 지는 아직 알려지지 않았고 더욱 많은 연구가 요구된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.601-607
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• 1992

흰쥐에 Cd를 투여했을때 Cd 투여농도에 따라 간조직내의 과산화적 손상과 그 방어계를 관찰하기 위해서 $250{\pm}15g.$ 되는 sprague-Dawley종 수컷에 0(control), 0.625(A군), 1.25(B군), 2.5(C군), 5mg(D군) $Cd^{++}/kg$ of body wt를 24시간 간격으로 2회 투여한 후 혈청중 GOT, GPT, AL-pase 활성측정, 간조직중의 SOD, GPX, GST 활성측정과 vitamin E, glutathione 함량 및 과산화지질함량을 측정하였다. 1) 혈청 GOT, GPT 및 AL-pase는 대조군에 비해 Cd 투여농도의 증가에 따라 증가하였다. 2) 간조직중의 SOD는 대조군에 비해 A군은 차이가 없었으나 B군에서 증가되었고 C, D군에서는 오히려 감소하였다. 3) 간조직중의 GPX, GST 활성은 대조군에 비해 Cd 투여농도에 따라 점진적으로 감소하였다. 4) 간조직중의 vitamin E 함량은 Cd 투여농도가 증가될수록 감소하였다. 5) 간조직중의 GSH 함량은 Cd투여농도 증가에 따라 감소하였고 GSSG는 증가하였다. 6) 간조직중의 LPO값은 A, B, C, D 군이 대조군에 비해 각각 1.1, 1.5, 1.8, 2.1배씩 증가되었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.911-913
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• 2002

Rubi Fructus (fruit of Rubus coreanus Miq.), oriental medicine, has been used for remedy of the liver diseases and for tonic. In order to investigate the oxygen free radical, a harmful factor of aging, in liver of rats fed diets supplemented with the Rubi Fructus water extract(RX), Sprague-Dawley male rats have been fed a diet supplemented with 3% or 5% RX for a month. In rats fed 3% RX supplemented diet, hepatic cytochrome P-450 contents appeared to be increased, and catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly increased compared with the control. There was no difference in glutathione peroxide and glutathione-S-transferase activities between the rats fed RX supplemented diets and the control diet. In conclusion, it is likely that rats fed a diet supplemented with RX may have the oxygen free radicals detoxication potential.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1080-1086
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of taurine supplementation on the hepatic lipid peroxidation, activiteis of defense enzymes and membrane stability during rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Hepatocarcinogenesis was induced by Solt & Farber modification. Lipid peroxide contents of carcinogen treated group which was not supplemented with taurine were lower than those of control group. This might be that peroxide is decreased because of the activation of detoxifing enzyme. Glutathione S-transferase(GST) activites of carcinogen treated groups were significantly (p<0.05) increased compared to those of control groups. The GST activities of group supplemented with taurine before treatment of carcinogen and during the all period of experiment were only less increased. In carcinogen treated groups, glutathione peroxidase(GPx) activites of groups supplemented with taurine were higher than those of non supplemented group. By carcinogen treatemtn, glucose 6-phosphatase(G6Pase) activites, index of membrane stability were decreased, but in carcinogen treated groups supplemented with taurine, they were less decreased. These results suggest that taurine supplementation seems to inhibit lipid peroxidation, to change the activities of defense enzymes and to prevent to membrane disintegration during chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2008

This study was done to investigate the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of Lycii fructus in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of STZ at a dose 45mg/kg.b.w. dissolved in citrate buffer(pH4.5). The ethanol extract of Lycii fructus was orally administrated once a day for 7 days. The contents of serum glucose, total cholesterol were significantly decreaed (p<0.05) in Lycii fructus treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group, also content of Triglyceride (TG), Altherogenic index (AI) were decreased, but not statistically significant. But high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio (HTR) were increased in Lycii fructus treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. The content of hepatic glycogen and activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G-6PDH), glutathione-s-transferase(GST), superoxide dismutase(SOD) were significantly increased(p<0.05), glucose-6-phos-phatase(G-6pase)was significantly decreased(p<0.05) and The glutathione(GSH), glucokinase(GK) were increased. But not statistically significant In Lycii fructus treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group These results indicated that ethanol extract of Lycii fructus would have antidiabetic and antioxidant effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.509-516
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• 2014

This study was done to investigate the carbohydrate metabolism related enzyme activities and antioxidative effects of Nelumbo nucifera(N.N) Root in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The contents of serum glucose, triglyceride (TG) and Total cholesterol were significantly decreaed in N.n treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. The activity of glucose-6-pase(G-6-Pase) was significantly decreased in N.N treated group. Also the activity of glucokinase(Gk) was significantly increaed in N.N treated group. The content of hepatic glycogen was significantly increaed in N.N treated group, in addition, content of malondialdehyde(MDA) was significanly decreased in N.N treated group. Also, content of glutathione(GSH) was significanly increased in N.N treated froup. whereas, activity of catalase(CAT) was significantly decreaed in N.N treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. activity of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) was inecreaed. In conclusion, these results indicated that ethanol extract of N.N would have carbohydrate metabolism antioxidative effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.172-176
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming an important public health problem as metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes have become epidemic. In this study we investigated the protective effect of Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) against NAFLD in an obese mouse model. MATERIALS/METHODS: Four-week-old male ob/ob mice were fed an AIN-93G diet or a diet containing 1% C. militaris water extract for 10 weeks after 1 week of adaptation. Serum glucose, insulin, free fatty acid (FFA), alanine transaminase (ALT), and proinflammatory cytokines were measured. Hepatic levels of lipids, glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxide were determined. RESULTS: Consumption of C. militaris significantly decreased serum glucose, as well as homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), in ob/ob mice. In addition to lowering serum FFA levels, C. militaris also significantly decreased hepatic total lipids and triglyceride contents. Serum ALT activities and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were reduced by C. militaris. Consumption of C. militaris increased hepatic GSH and reduced lipid peroxide levels. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that C. militaris can exert protective effects against development of NAFLD, partly by reducing inflammatory cytokines and improving hepatic antioxidant status in ob/ob mice.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2010

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of ethanol extracts from red pepper seeds on the antioxidative defense system and oxidative stress in rats fed a high fat high cholesterol diet. Rats were divided into four experimental groups which were composed of high fat high cholesterol diet group (HF), high fat high cholesterol diet with 0.1% ethanol extracts from red pepper seeds supplemented group (HEA), high fat high cholesterol diet with 0.2% ethanol extracts from red pepper seeds supplemented group (HEB) and high fat high cholesterol diet with 0.5% ethanol extracts from red pepper seeds supplemented group (HEC). Supplementation of ethanol extracts from red pepper seeds groups (HEA, HEB and HEC) resulted in significantly increased activities of hepatic glutathione peroxidase and catalase. Hepatic superoxide radical contents in microsome and mitochondria were significantly reduced in the groups supplemented with red pepper seeds ethanol extracts. Hepatic hydrogen peroxide content in the mitochondria was reduced in ethanol extracts from red pepper seeds supplemented groups. TBARS values in the liver were reduced in red pepper seeds ethanol extracts supplemented groups. Especially, HEB and HEC groups were significantly decreased compared to the HF group. Hepatic carbonyl values were significantly reduced in mitochondria in these supplemented groups. These results suggest that red pepper seeds ethanol extracts may reduce oxidative damage, by activation of antioxidative defense system in rats fed high fat high cholesterol diets.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.643-649
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• 2002

This study was done to investigate effects of ${\gamma}$-irradiated pork feeding on the formation of glutathione S-transferase placental form positive (GST-P$^{+}$) foci, lipid peroxidation, cytochrome P450 system and microsomal glucose 6-phosphatase activity in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Weaning Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed the diet containing ${\gamma}$-irradiated ground pork at the dose of 0, 3, 10, 30 kGy as a 20％ of protein source for 8 weeks. One week after feeding, rats were intraperitoneally injected twice with a dose of DEN (50 mg/kg BW). As a promote.,0.05％phenobarbital was fed in drinking water from one week after DEN treatment until the end of experiment. At the end of 8th week, rats were sacrificed and hepatic GST-P$^{+}$ foci, microsomal malondialdehyde (MDA) and conjugated diene contents were determined. In addition, cytochrome P450 content and the activities of NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase and glucose 6-phosphatase were also measured. There was no significant effect by gamma irradiation on microsomal MDA content, conjugated diene, cytochrome P450 content and activities of NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase and glucose 6-phosphatase. However with DEN treatment, microsomal MDA content showed a increasing tendency. Cytochrome P450 content was also significantly increased while microsomal glucose 6-phophatase activity was significantly decreased with DEN treatment. However the activity of NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase was not affected. An interesting finding in this study was that the number and area of hepatic GST-P$^{+}$ foci of rats fed gamma irradiated pork were tended to be decreased by high dose of irradiation, but were not significantly different. These results might imply that the consumption of low dose of gamma irradiated pork does not affect the formation of hepatic GST-P$^{+}$ foci and lipid peroxide and membrane stability.ability.