• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.508-513
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• 1998

The hepatoprotective effect of DA-9601, a quality-controlled extract of artemisisa asiatica, on liver damage induced by acetaminophen (APAP) and carbon tetrachloride ($CCI_{4}$) was investigated by means of serum-biochemical, hepatic-biochemical, and histopathological examinations. Doses of Da-9601 (10, 30, or 100 mg/kg) were administered intragastrically to each rat on three consecutive days i.e. 48 h, 24 h and 2 h before a single administration of APAP (640 mg/kg, i.p.) or $CCI_{4}$ (2 ml/kg, p.o.). Four h and 24 h after hepatotoxin treatment, the animals were sacrificed for evaluation of liver damage. Pretreatment of Da-9601 reduced the elevation of serum ALT, AST. LDH and histopathological changes such as centrilobular necrosis, vacuolar degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration dose-dependently. Da-9601 also prevented APAP- and $CCI_{4}$-induced hepatic glutathione (GSH) depletion and $CCI_{4}$-induced increase of hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), a parameter of lipid peroxidation, in a chemically induced liver injury by complex mechanisms which involve prevention of lipid peroxidation and preservation of hepatic GSH.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.272-277
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the antioxidant activities and hepatoprotective effects of Schisandra chinensis Baillon extract (SCE) against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative hepatic damage in rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were pretreated with SCE (300, 600, and 1,200 mg/kg BW) or saline once daily for 14 consecutive days. On day 14, each animal, except those belonging to the normal control group, were injected with t-BHP (0.8 mmol/kg BW/i.p.), and all of the rats were sacrificed 16 h after t-BHP injection. RESULTS: Although no significant differences in AST and ALT levels were observed among the TC and SCE groups, the high-dose SCE group showed a decreasing tendency compared to the TC group. However, erythrocyte SOD activity showed a significant increase in the low-dose SCE group compared with the TC group. On the other hand, no significant differences in hepatic total glutathione (GSH) level, glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were observed among the TC and SCE groups. Hepatic histopathological evaluation revealed that pretreatment with SCE resulted in reduced t-BHP-induced incidence of lesions, such as neutrophil infiltration, swelling of liver cells, and necrosis. In particular, treatment with a high dose of SCE resulted in induction of phase II antioxidant/detoxifying enzyme expression, such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC). CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, we conclude that SCE exerts protective effects against t-BHP induced oxidative hepatic damage through the reduction of neutrophil infiltration, swelling of liver cells, and necrosis. In addition, SCE regulates the gene expression of phase II antioxidant/detoxifying enzymes independent of hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.81-88
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• 2002

Effect of cyclohexanone treatment on the activities oxygen free radical and cyclohexanone metabolizing enzyme in acute liver damaged rats, was investigated. Acute liver damage was induced in rats with pretreatment of 50% $CCl_4$ in olive oil(0.1ml/100g body wt) intraperitoneally 3 times every other day. Cyclohexanone(1.56g/kg body wt, i.p.) was administered to the animals 24 hours after the last Pretreatment of CC1$_4$. Rats were sacrificed at 4 hours after injection of cyclohexanone. On the basis of liver weight/body weight(％), serum levels alanine aminotransferase activity and hepatic protein content, cyclohexanone treatment to acute liver damaged animals led to the more enhanced liver damage. On the other hand, injection of cyclohexanone to the rats led to the increased activities of hepatic cytochrome P-450 dependent aniline hydroxylase and xanthine oxidase. Furthermore, by treatment of cyclohexanone to the acute liver damaged rats hepatic xanthine oxidase activity was more increased than the $CCl_4$ treated rats. In case of oxygen free radical scavenging system, the hepatic glutathione content and the activities of hepatic glutathione S-transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase were generally increased by injection of cyclohexanone to rats, and the hepatic glutathione content, catalase and alcohol dehydrogenase activities were more decreased in liver damaged rats by the treatment of cyclohexanone. In conclusion, the cyclohexanone treatment to acute liver damaged rats led to enhancement of liver damage that may be due to oxygen free radical together with cyclohexanone.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.894-898
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• 1994

To evaluate an effect of dietary protein on the liver damage, the bromobenzene was intraperitoneally injected to the rats fed a low or high protein diet and then the liver weight per body weight and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were determined to demonstrate the differences in liver damage between the groups fed low or high protein diet. Hepatic aniline hydroxylase (AH), glutthione (GSH) content and glutathione s-transferase(GST) activity were also determined to clarify causes of liver damage between the two groups. Increases of liver weight per body weight and serum ALT activities were higher in brombenzene treated rats fed low protein diet than those fed high protein diet. The increasing rate of hepatic AH activity was higher in bromobenzne-treated rats fed low protein diet than that in those fed high protein diet. Furthermore , hepatic glutathione contents and GST activities in bromobenzene-treated rats were higher in rats fed high protein diet than those fed low protein diet. In case of control group, the heaptic glutathione content and GST activity were also higher in rats fed high protein diet than those fed low protein diet.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2563-2569
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• 2012

Oxidative stress is a common mechanism contributing to initiation and progression of hepatic damage in a variety of liver disorders. Hence there is a great demand for the development of agents with potent antioxidant effect. The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the efficacy of Moringa oleifera as a hepatoprotective and an antioxidant against 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced hepatocellular damage. Single oral administration of DMBA (15 mg/kg) to mice resulted in significantly (p<0.001) depleted levels of xenobiotic enzymes like, cytochrome P450 and b5. DMBA induced oxidative stress was confirmed by decreased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in the liver tissue. The status of hepatic aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) which is indicative of hepatocellular damage were also found to be decreased in DMBA administered mice. Pretreatment with the Moringa oleifera (200 and 400 mg/kg) orally for 14 days significantly reversed the DMBA induced alterations in the liver tissue and offered almost complete protection. The results from the present study indicate that Moringa oleifera exhibits good hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential against DMBA induced hepatocellular damage in mice that might be due to decreased free radical generation.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.327-330
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• 1997

Hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and liver cancer caused by viral infection are among the most prevalent causes of death in Korea. Several medicines have been in use despite their nonsatisfactory effects on these disease. Some herbal medicines put to use recently have not shown beneficial effects, either. This paper evaluates the effects of extracts from 10 traditional Korean herbal medicines on rats with hepatic damage induced by galactosamine. Rubus coreanus showed an anti-inflammatory effect as shown on the data of activities of serum transaminases.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.47-50
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• 2016

Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for blunt hepatic injury in children is not common and is especially rare after damage control surgery (DCS). We report a successful TAE after DCS on a child for massive bleeding from the left hepatic artery due to a motor vehicle accident. The car (a sport utility vehicle) ran over the chest and abdomen of a 4-year-old boy. On arrival, initial vital signs were as follows: blood pressure, 70/40 mmHg; heart rate, 149/min; temperature, $36.7^{\circ}C$; respiratory rate, 38/min. After resuscitation, computed tomography was done, and a suspicious contrast leakage from a branch of the left hepatic artery and a spleen injury (grade V) were found. TAE was performed successfully after DCS for a liver injury.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.305-313
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• 1998

The reduction in the amount of asialoglycoprotein (ASGP) receptor, which resides exclusively on the plasma membrane of functioning mammalian hepatocytes, as a consequence of hepato-cellular damage has been demonstrated in various pathologic conditions of the liver. Galac-tosylated human serum albumin (GSA) is a newly developed receptor-binding agent, specific for the ASGP receptor. Tc-99m GSA binds quantitatively to liver ASGP receptors and the rate of accumulation in the liver is dependent on hepatic function represented as the amount of receptor, as well as the amount of ligand injected, its affinity to the receptor and the hepatic blood flow. The findings of Tc-99m GSA scintigraphy were reported to reflect the hepatic function of the patients with large hepatic tumors, obstructive jaundice, acute and chronic liver disease. Tc-99m GSA scintigraphy is an easy and reliable test and has the clinical potentials to evaluate the liver function in the patients with hepatic disorders.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.475-482
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• 2015

This study was conducted to examine whether or not oligonol, a low molecular weight polyphenol derived from lychee fruit, has an ameliorative effect on diabetes-induced oxidative stress-related hepatic damage in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Oligonol (10 or 20 mg/kg body weight; O10 or O20, respectively) was orally administered every day for 10 days to STZ-induced diabetic rats, and its effects were compared to vehicle-treated diabetic (Veh) and non-diabetic rats. Administration of 20 mg/kg of oligonol significantly decreased liver weight compared with the Veh group (P<0.05). Elevated levels of hepatic glucose, reactive oxygen species, peroxynitrite, and lipid peroxidation were detected in diabetic vehicle rats, whereas oligonol treatment significantly attenuated these levels (P<0.05). In diabetic vehicle rats, hepatic antioxidant enzyme protein levels decreased, whereas oligonol treatment showed significant elevated results. For inflammation-related protein expression, oligonol-treated groups showed insignificant reduction. Oligonol improved expression of proapoptotic protein caspase-3 in the liver of diabetic rats (P<0.05). In conclusion, these results provide important evidence that oligonol exhibits an inhibitory effect on oxidative stress and apoptosis-related protein expression as well as a hepato-protective effect against the development of diabetic complications in STZ-induced type 1 diabetic rats.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.90-94
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• 2006

The effects of formalin on mixed function oxygenase (MFO) system and stress-response were investigated in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Olive flounder was exposed to formalin at the concentration of 300 ppm for 1, 2, 4 and 16 h. Levels of stress-response enzymes together with total protein, glucose and osmolality were quantitatively determined in blood, and the activities of phase I (cytochrome P450, ethoxyresorufin deethylase) and phase II (glutathione S-transferase) hepatic enzymes were also determined. Since the formalin-exposure for 16 h resulted no significant changes in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, specific enzymes for liver damage, it was thought that it did not cause hepatic tissue damage at the concentration of 300 ppm. However, hepatic MFO system was induced at 1 to 4 h, and stress response was induced after 16 h of exposure. Moreover, it is considered that the depression of MFO activity after 16 h of exposure may not be adaptation to formalin, but toxic response. These results suggest that low concentration of formalin does not cause hepatic tissue damage of fish, but could induce MFO and stress response.