• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.72-77
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• 1993

This study was conducted to evaluate coated urea complex fertilizer (CUC) application for rice growth and its grain quality on clay loam (Deogpyeong series) and sandy loam (Gangseo series) in southern region of Korea, 1992. The coated urea complex fertilizer used in the experiment was CUC I and II. The CUC I is a complex fertilizer consisting of 18-12-13 for $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$ including 50% of coated urea as nitrogen source, and CUC II is the same complex fertilize as mentioned above but it contains 25% of coated urea. Seventy percent of conventional fertilizer for nitrogen level was applied as basal dose of side-band placement (SBP) and whole plowlayer placement (WPP). Greenish degree of rice leaf color at the late growth stage was high in CUC plots regardless of application method and soil series. Amount of nitrogen uptaken by the rice plant at harvesting stage was mush more in the CUC treatment compared to convential fertilizer, and also much more in CUC I than that of CUC II. In the WPP on clay loam, harvest index of CUC treatment was showed very low level, which was reduced more in CUC II plot. In the CUC treatments, perfect rice grain ratio decreased remarkably, and the notched-belly rice kernel ratios among imperfect rice grain increased drastically. In rice grain, Hon-value(Mg to K.N ratio) decreased, protein and amylose contents increased in CUC application plots in WPP. In addition, gel consitency and alkali spreading value related to eating quality in CUC plots were getting longer and lower, respectively. The yield in CUC plot was similar to conventional fertilizing, but significant decreased in SBP. As a result, the rice grain quality became poor with the coated urea complex fertilizer application, but it could be improved by incorporation with fast-release fertilizer.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.475-487
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• 1998

This is a study to search for the ethical basis for valid informed consent of organ donors. It is an admirable action that a person give his own body part or organ as a gift to another person. The organ for transplantation can be removed only when the donor consents voluntarily to donation. It is recently proposed as the need for organ transplantation is increased that organs can be harvested although the consent of deceased cannot be obtained. This may raise many moral issues because human beings all have an unalienable right to control their own bodies. The principle of autonomy is usually regarded as an ethical basis for informed consent. However, some people criticize that the principle of autonomy requires a person and his decision to be autonomous (but there are many patients who aren't autonomous due to their confusion or unconscious condition in a clinical situation). or this principle can foster indifference to patients needing help: thus respect for principles of care and beneficence is necessary. When we consider the complexity of making a decision about organ donation. the principle of autonomy should be replaced by the principle of respect for individual autonomy. as expressed by Childress (1990). This principle requires the care givers to respect the client's individual decisions. The elements of informed consent are threshold elements: competence to understand and decide. voluntariness in deciding: information elements: disclosure of material information. recommendation of a plan. understanding of disclosure and recommendation: and consent elements: decision in favor of a plan. authorization of the chosen plan. In cases of living donors. the elements of competence and voluntariness are more important than the others. So only an adult can give a recipient his own body part. but it should be forbidden to harvest from minors or protected adults (i.e. developmentally disabled person However. when organs are removed from a cadaver donor. we ought to respect the donor's decision. So we ought to try to seek donor cards or any documents expressing the donor's opinion about organ transplant. All health care givers ought to disclose donor information about organ transplantation clearly enough for the donor to understand it and to be able to weigh the harms and benefits. We are going to propose 'the subjective standard' as the ethical standard of disclosure. This standard will assure that patients have enough information to be able to decide autonomously from their own position. Care givers have to consider the method of disclosure because donors can be influenced by it positively or negatively, Establishment of the Hospital Committee is recommended. because medical professionals will have a chance to discuss the procedure of decision and the validity of harvesting a organ from a person.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.58-64
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• 2017

Modern society is characterized by rapid increase in world population, aging of the rural population, decrease of cultivation area due to industrialization. The food problem is becoming an important issue with the farmers and becomes rural. Recently, the researches about the field of the smart farm are actively carried out to increase the profit of the rural area. The existing smart farm researches mainly monitor the cultivation environment of the crops in the greenhouse, another way like in the case of poor quality t is being studied that the system to control cultivation environmental factors is automatically activated to keep the cultivation environment of crops in optimum conditions. The researches focus on the crops cultivated indoors, and there are not many studies applied to the cultivation environment of crops grown outside. In this paper, we propose a method to improve the harvestability of poor areas by monitoring the areas with bad harvests by using big data analysis, by precisely predicting the harvest timing of fruit trees growing in orchards. Factors besides for harvesting include fruit color information and fruit weight information We suggest that a harvest correlation factor data collected in real time. It is analyzed using the Apache Spark engine. The Apache Spark engine has excellent performance in real-time data analysis as well as high capacity batch data analysis. User device receiving service supports PC user and smartphone users. A sensing data receiving device purpose Arduino, because it requires only simple processing to receive a sensed data and transmit it to the server. It regulates a harvest time of fruit which produces a good quality fruit, it is needful to determine a poor harvest area or concentrate a bad area. In this paper, we also present an architectural model to determine the bad areas of fruit harvest using strong data analysis.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2000

Changes of yield and paeoniflorin content according to chemical control and harvest time were investigated. Peonies were harvested after four years from planting. Disease and pest control method was applied normally in first year. From second year to forth year we set two blocks and controlled them differently. In one, peonies were withered early under non-control condition. In the other which was controlled by spraying chemicals four time a year, top part withering was delayed. Harvest was taken four times top part withering was delayed. Harvest was taken four times: Jul. 25, Aug. 25, Sep. 25, and Oct. 25. In non-chemical, at harvest of Jul. 25, paeoniflorin content was highest and dry root weight was 1,126kg/10a which was little less than 1,177kg/10a of Aug. 25. In chemical control, dry root yield of Oct. 25. showed an increase of 33% over that of Jul. But paeoniflorin content in root at Oct. was lower than at Jul. or Aug. For high qualities and harvest yields of peony root, chemical control is necessary to maintain top part to late in Oct.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.50-60
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• 1976

For finding out the proper method of developing Buxus koreana var. insularis, this study was carried out in Pokil-Do, Wan-Do, Chonnam, in 1975. The ecology, morphology and characteristics of the plant were mainly investigated and analyzed. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The small islands of the southern sea of Korea; Pokil-Do, Chin-Do and So-Huk-San-Do, turn out to be the site of the natural communities of B. koreana var. insularis. 2. The growth of the plant is fairly good in the acid soil of these islands. 3. This vegetation of composed as the three-layered communities, these communities consit of Camellia, Buxus and Cares. 4. The plant is a board leaved evergreen shrub that is tolerant to shade and native to the temperate zone. 5. The size of the leaves, fruits and seeds is slightly larger than those of B. koreans. 6. As fruiting and germination of the seeds are favorable. it is easy for us to make a number of seedlings. 7. The proper times for sowing and harvesting the seeds are around the middle of July and August, respectively. 8. The seedlings is difficult to grow in the naked ground because the germinated seeds are seriously damaged by frost. 9. The plant growth per annum is about 8 to 10cm in height, 1.5mm in diameter. It is graceful looking as the branches and leaves as of the dense foliage type 10. It is possible to develop the plant in many ways, such as; ornamental plant, bee plant, sculptural and industrial materials.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.244-249
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• 1982

In order to reduce malic acid in low-alcohol content appel wine $(6{\sim}9%)$ malate-decomposing yeast, Schzosaccharomyces japonicus var. japonicus St-3 was used. Fallen apples before the harvesting season were collected and extraction was made. The apple extract was fortified with sucrose to make final sugar concentration of 18% in case of 9% base wine. High acid content in the primarily fermented apple wine could be reduced by following with malo-alcoholic fermentation using Schizosaccharomyces japonicus var. japonicus St-3 in second half of alcoholic fermentation using Saccharomyces sp. R-11. Secondary fermentation was proceeded at low temperature $(7{\sim}8^{\circ}C)$ for 130 days using Saccharomyces sp. R-11. Prior to the secondary fermentation, two percent of sugar was added to the base wine in order to produce carbon dioxide gas. And each five percent of specially prepared malt extract and hop extract were added to the base wine in order to increase foam stability. Better shelf-life was observed by keeping high carbon dioxide pressure$(2.3{\sim}2.5kg/cm^2)$ in the bottle. It was assured that the better low-alcohol content apple wine could be brewed by the method which we used above.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.510-517
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze microbial hazards for cultivation environments and personal hygiene of strawberry and tomato farms at the growth and harvesting stage. Samples were collected from thirty strawberry farms and forty tomato farms located in Korea and tested for Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. To investigate the change in the distribution of the S. aureus and B. cereus, a total of 4,284 samples including air born, soil or medium, mulching film, harvest basket, groves and irrigation water etc. were collected from eight strawberry farms and nine tomato farms for one year. As a result, total S. aureus and B. cereus in all samples were detected. Among the total bacteria of strawberry farms, S. aureus (glove: $0{\sim}2.1Log\;CFU/100cm^2$, harvest basket: $0{\sim}3.0Log\;CFU/100cm^2$, soil or culture media: 0~4.1 Log CFU/g, mulching film: $0{\sim}3.8Log\;CFU/100cm^2$), B. cereus (glove: $0{\sim}2.8Log\;CFU/100cm^2$, harvest basket: $0{\sim}4.8Log\;CFU/100cm^2$, soil or culture media: 0~5.3 Log CFU/g, mulching film: $0{\sim}4.5Log\;CFU/100cm^2$) were detected in all samples. The total bacteria of tomato farms, S. aureus (glove: $0{\sim}4.0Log\;CFU/100cm^2$, harvest basket: $0{\sim}5.0Log\;CFU/100cm^2$, soil or culture media: 0~6.1 Log CFU/g, mulching film: $0{\sim}4.0Log\;CFU/100cm^2$), B. cereus (glove: $0{\sim}4.0Log\;CFU/100cm^2$, harvest basket: $0{\sim}4.3Log\;CFU/100cm^2$, soil or culture media: 0~5.9 Log CFU/g, mulching film: $0{\sim}4.7Log\;CFU/100cm^2$) were detected in all samples. The contamination of S. aureus and B. cereus were detected in soil, mulching film and harvest basket from planting until harvest to processing, with the highest count recorded from the soil. But S. aureus and B. cereus were not detected in irrigation water samples. The incidence of S. aureus and B. cereus in hydroponics culture farm were less than those in soil culture. The amount of S. aureus and B. cereus detected in strawberry and tomato farms were less than the minimum amount required to produce a toxin that induces food poisoning. In this way, the degree of contamination of food poisoning bacteria was lower in the production environment of the Korea strawberry and tomato, but problems can be caused by post-harvest management method. These results will be used as fundamental data to create a manual for sanitary agricultural environment management, and post-harvest management should be performed to reduce the contamination of hazardous microorganisms.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2011

A new cultivar "Dan Bi" of Pleurotus eryngii was developed by the method of mono-mono crossing between monokaryotic strains derived from KNR2312 and KNR2596. The parental strains, KNR2312 and KNR2596, are characterized by the property of high quality and a small number of primordia formation, respectively. The optimum temperature of mycelial growth was 25 and that of fruiting body development was $15{\sim}16^{\circ}C$. The period of harvesting including primordia formation was 0.7~1.3 days later than that of control strain Knneutari No. 3 in the culling cultivation. The color of pileus and stipe surface was neutral-brown and pure white, respectively. The shape of pileus was dome and has a scale like as cobweb. The yield was $93{\pm}9.7$ g per 850 cc of plastic bottle. Analysis of the genetic characteristics of the new commercial variety "Dan Bi" showed a different profile as that of the control strain, Knneutari No. 3, when RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) primer #8005 was used. This new variety "Dan Bi" of Pleurotus eryngii is characterized by a small number of primordia formation after scratching.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.188-195
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• 2017

Despite the high commercial value of the pine mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake) around the world, its production still depends upon natural harvesting. In recent years, mushroom researchers in Korea and Japan have been successful in artificially cultivating T. matsutake by producing single mushroom through matsutake-infected pine seedlings. In this study, we determined the minimum seedling height required for the survival of matsutake mycelia in the infected pine seedlings in the field. The survival rate of matsutake mycelia in the matsutake-infected pine seedlings was 50% (14) in two years and 71% (10) in one year after their transplantation. The average height at time of transplantation of the matsutake-infected pine seedlings that bore surviving mycelia after transplantation was 25 cm (minimum 12 cm to maximum 40 cm). In conclusion, the matsutake mycelium of matsutake-infected pine seedlings was able to survive in field conditions if the height of the seedling at the time of T. matsutake infection was at least 12 cm. These results suggest that the height of the host plants used in conventional matsutake-infected pine seedling production should be greatly reduced to improve the matsutake cultivation. Therefore, standardization of the seedling height for artificial cultivation of pine mushrooms by the matsutake-infected pine seedling method is suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.117-129
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• 2018

With the changing of social needs and paradigms, citizens are concerned about aesthetic and cultural community gardens from productive urban farms in Korea. It is still difficult, however, to cultivate a beautiful garden with a community to design, install and manage it. Therefore, this study analyzed the community garden design guidelines of other countries to derive the characteristics and implications. The research method analyzed six guidelines for community garden design in the UK, Canada, the USA, Australia and Japan. As a result of the study, most community garden design guidelines are opened freely via on-line service. The guidelines are composed with chronological processes such as intro, site selection, design, construction and maintenance. The introduction section treats definition, purpose, meaning, efficiency and success factors for community gardens. Site selection emphasizes site conditions (soil, light, shadow, water, etc.), landholding and insurance. The design section, however, lacks adequate drawings and case images. These guidelines offer little explanation with few illustrations and sentences. Construction sections explain about plantings, facilities, expense and details. The maintenance guidelines of community gardens contain how to control members, funding, harvesting, pests and plants. In addition, some guidelines include vandalism, organic cultivation methods, recording and advertisement. Lastly, the appendix contains a variety of checklists, administrative documents, guidelines, drawings, and contacts. This study will help understand the trends and characteristics of overseas community gardens design guidelines so as to also supply directions for guidelines to be introduced in Korea.