• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제18권8호
• /
• pp.1914-1924
• /
• 2014

본 논문에서는 행의 개수가 열의 개수보다 작은 4행 ${\times}$ 8열의 셀 어레이를 갖는 eFuse OTP IP 설계에서 eFuse의 프로그램 전류를 공급하는 SL 구동 라인을 열 방향으로 라우팅 하는 대신 행 방향으로 라우팅 하므로 레이아웃 면적을 많이 차지하는 SL 구동회로 수를 8개에서 4개로 줄이는 셀 어레이 방식과 코어 회로를 제안하였다. 제안된 셀 어레이 방식과 코어 회로는 32비트 eFuse OTP IP의 레이아웃 면적을 줄였다. 그리고 큰 read 전류에 의해 blowing 되지 않은 eFuse가 EM 현상에 의해 blowing되는 현상을 방지하기 위하여 RWL 구동회로와 BL 풀-업 부하회로에 필요한 V2V($=2V{\pm}10%$) 레귤레이터를 설계하였다. 설계된 4행 ${\times}$ 8열의 32비트 eFuse OTP IP의 레이아웃 면적은 $120.1{\mu}m{\times}127.51{\mu}m$ ($=0.01531mm^2$)로 기존의 eFuse OTP IP의 면적인 $187.065{\mu}m{\times}94.525{\mu}m$ ($=0.01768mm^2$)보다 13.4% 더 작은 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.214-217
• /
• 2007

약 2개월령(個月齡)의 잡종 암컷 고양이가 영창동물병원(永昌動物病院)에 내원하였다. 1차(次) 진료시(診療時) 우측 눈의 축동(縮瞳) 및 순막 돌출(瞬膜 突出)이 인정되었으며, 또한 좌측 눈의 경도의 축동이 인정되어, 본 환축(患畜)은 고양이 Horner's syndrome으로 진단(診斷)되었다. 본 환축(患畜)에 대하여 안침(眼針) (상초 영역(上焦 領域), 10분간(分間)) 및 dexamethasone 약침(藥鍼)(0.2 ml/혈위: BL 01-정명(睛明) BL02-찬죽(纘竹) 및 ST01-승읍(承泣))을 각각(各各) 실시(實施)하였다. 1차 치료 후, 축동(縮瞳) 및 순막돌출(瞬膜突出)이 놀랍게도 소실되었다. 2차 진료시(1차 치료 후 1일)확인 결과, 눈의 소견은 정상 상태를 유지하고 있었다. 따라서 본(本) 증례(症例)는 침치료(鍼治療)에 양호(良好)한 반응(反應)을 나타낸 고양이 Horner's syndrome의 증례(症例)였다.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.123-132
• /
• 2017

Insulin signaling is coordinated by insulin receptor substrates (IRSs). Many insulin responses, especially for blood glucose metabolism, are mediated primarily through Irs-1 and Irs-2. Irs-1 knockout mice show growth retardation and insulin signaling defects, which can be compensated by other IRSs in vivo; however, the underlying mechanism is not clear. Here, we presented an Irs-1 truncated mutated mouse ($Irs-1^{-/-}$) with growth retardation and subcutaneous adipocyte atrophy. $Irs-1^{-/-}$ mice exhibited mild insulin resistance, as demonstrated by the insulin tolerance test. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activity and phosphorylated Protein Kinase B (PKB/AKT) expression were elevated in liver, skeletal muscle, and subcutaneous adipocytes in Irs-1 deficiency. In addition, the expression of IRS-2 and its phosphorylated version were clearly elevated in liver and skeletal muscle. With miRNA microarray analysis, we found miR-33 was down-regulated in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) of $Irs-1^{-/-}$ mice, while its target gene Irs-2 was up-regulated in vitro studies. In addition, miR-33 was down-regulated in the presence of Irs-1 and which was up-regulated in fasting status. What's more, miR-33 restored its expression in re-feeding status. Meanwhile, miR-33 levels decreased and Irs-2 levels increased in liver, skeletal muscle, and subcutaneous adipocytes of $Irs-1^{-/-}$ mice. In primary cultured liver cells transfected with an miR-33 inhibitor, the expression of IRS-2, PI3K, and phosphorylated-AKT (p-AKT) increased while the opposite results were observed in the presence of an miR-33 mimic. Therefore, decreased miR-33 levels can up-regulate IRS-2 expression, which appears to compensate for the defects of the insulin signaling pathway in Irs-1 deficient mice.

• Experimental and Molecular Medicine
• /
• 제50권12호
• /
• pp.3.1-3.14
• /
• 2018

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a pathological condition associated with osteopenia. $WNT/{\beta}$-catenin signaling is implicated in this process. Trabecular and cortical bone respond differently to $WNT/{\beta}$-catenin signaling in healthy mice. We investigated whether this signaling has different effects on trabecular and cortical bone in T1DM. We first established a streptozotocin-induced T1DM mouse model and then constitutively activated ${\beta}$-catenin in osteoblasts in the setting of T1DM (T1-CA). The extent of bone loss was greater in trabecular bone than that in cortical bone in T1DM mice, and this difference was consistent with the reduction in the expression of ${\beta}$-catenin signaling in the two bone compartments. Further experiments demonstrated that in T1DM mice, trabecular bone showed lower levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) than the levels in cortical bone, leading to lower $WNT/{\beta}$-catenin signaling activity through the inhibition of the IGF-1R/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase $3{\beta}$ ($GSK3{\beta}$) pathway. After ${\beta}$-catenin was activated in T1-CA mice, the bone mass and bone strength increased to substantially greater extents in trabecular bone than those in cortical bone. In addition, the cortical bone of the T1-CA mice displayed an unexpected increase in bone porosity, with increased bone resorption. The downregulated expression of WNT16 might be responsible for these cortical bone changes. In conclusion, we found that although the activation of $WNT/{\beta}$-catenin signaling increased the trabecular bone mass and bone strength in T1DM mice, it also increased the cortical bone porosity, impairing the bone strength. These findings should be considered in the future treatment of T1DM-related osteopenia.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제24권11호
• /
• pp.163-170
• /
• 2019

본 연구에서는 리더의 코칭행동과 LMX가 구성원의 혁신행동에 미치는 영향을 실증하고, 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 리더의 코칭행동, LMX, 구성원의 혁신행동, 회복탄력성에 대한 이론들, 기존의 수행되었던 연구들과 논의를 검토하였고 최종적으로 5개의 가설을 도출하였다. 이러한 연구가설을 검증하기 위해 본 연구는 320명의 VR 인터랙션 기술을 활용한 자동차 기업의 연구원들이 대상으로 하여 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료들을 SPSS 24.0과 AMOS 24.0을 사용하여 빈도분석, 신뢰도분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 확인적 요인분석, 구조방정식모형분석 등을 실시하였다. 실증분석을 통해 확인된 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같이 요약될 수 있다. 첫째, 리더의 코칭은 회복탄력성에 긍정적 영향을 미친다. 둘째, LMX는 회복탄력성에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. 셋째, 회복탄력성이 연구원의 혁신행동을 촉진시키는데 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. 넷째, 회복탄력성은 리더의 코칭이 혁신행동에 미치는 영향을 매개한다. 다섯째, 회복탄력성은 LMX가 혁신행동에 미치는 영향을 매개한다. 결과 및 논의 부분을 통하여 본 연구의 시사점과 연구의 한계점 및 향후의 연구방향에 대한 심도 깊은 논의를 제시하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제32권12호
• /
• pp.1809-1815
• /
• 2019

Objective: Copy number variations (CNVs) are a major source of genetic diversity complementary to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in animals. The aim of the study was to perform a comprehensive genomic analysis of CNVs based on high density whole-genome SNP markers in Chinese Dongxiang spotted pigs. Methods: We used customized Affymetrix Axiom Pig1.4M array plates containing 1.4 million SNPs and the PennCNV algorithm to identify porcine CNVs on autosomes in Chinese Dongxiang spotted pigs. Then, the next generation sequence data was used to confirm the detected CNVs. Next, functional analysis was performed for gene contents in copy number variation regions (CNVRs). In addition, we compared the identified CNVRs with those reported ones and quantitative trait loci (QTL) in the pig QTL database. Results: We identified 871 putative CNVs belonging to 2,221 CNVRs on 17 autosomes. We further discarded CNVRs that were detected only in one individual, leaving us 166 CNVRs in total. The 166 CNVRs ranged from 2.89 kb to 617.53 kb with a mean value of 93.65 kb and a genome coverage of 15.55 Mb, corresponding to 0.58% of the pig genome. A total of 119 (71.69%) of the identified CNVRs were confirmed by next generation sequence data. Moreover, functional annotation showed that these CNVRs are involved in a variety of molecular functions. More than half (56.63%) of the CNVRs (n = 94) have been reported in previous studies, while 72 CNVRs are reported for the first time. In addition, 162 (97.59%) CNVRs were found to overlap with 2,765 previously reported QTLs affecting 378 phenotypic traits. Conclusion: The findings improve the catalog of pig CNVs and provide insights and novel molecular markers for further genetic analyses of Chinese indigenous pigs.

• 한국광학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.294-301
• /
• 2008

콜레스테릭 액정 컬러 필터의 광학적 특성 분석을 위한 모델링 및 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. Berreman $4{\times}4$ 행렬법을 사용하여 입사각도별 콜레스테릭 액정 컬러 필터의 반사 스펙트럼을 계산하였고, 이를 광선 추적법에 기초한 조명설계 소프트웨어인 LightTools의 사용자 정의 코팅 파라미터로 입력하였다. LightTools를 이용하여 평면 투과형 콜레스테릭 액정 컬러 필터의 시야각에 따른 색변화를 시뮬레이션 하였다. 5도 간격 이하의 입사각도별 반사 스펙트럼을 LightTools의 사용자 정의 코팅 파라미터로 사용하였을 때, Berreman $4{\times}4$ 행렬법의 결과와 부합하는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 반구형 패턴을 갖고 있는 반사형 콜레스테릭 액정 컬러 필터의 시야각에 따른 색변화를 시뮬레이션 하였는데, 본 논문의 시뮬레이션 방법을 비 평면형 구조에도 적용할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제63권6호
• /
• pp.1362-1375
• /
• 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a combination 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (THB) and oregano extracts (i.e., Carvacrol and Thymol) at intake/dietary different levels on growth performance, intestinal health indicators, immune responses and fecal oocyst shedding in broiler chickens under Eimeria challenged condition. A total of 336 one-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to one of six dietary treatments with seven replications per treatment. Dietary treatments were: i) Non-challenged bird without any dietary treatment (NCNT), ii) Challenged bird without any dietary treatment (CNT), iii) Challenged birds fed a THB diet (0.1 g/kg, THB), iv) Challenged birds fed a combination of THB and oregano extracts diet (0.1 g/kg, COM 100), and a gradual increase of combination of THB and oregano extracts likely v) 0.15 g/kg (COM 150), and 0.2 g/kg (COM 200). On day 14, all groups except for NCNT have orally challenged with a 10-fold dose of Livacox^® T anticoccidial vaccine to trigger coccidiosis. The results indicated that Eimeria-challenged broilers fed COM 100 and COM 200 diets increased (p < 0.05) body weight than CNT diet on day 35. Furthermore, birds fed COM 100 and COM 200 diets increased (p < 0.05) average daily gain compared to those fed CNT diets for the entire experimental period. There is no significant (p > 0.05) in average daily feed intake, feed efficiency between NCNT and birds fed with combined THB and oregano extracts for the entire experimental period. A combination of THB and oregano extract regardless of concentration levels or THB alone reduced (p < 0.05) lesion score in ileum compared to the CNT diet for 7 days post-infection (dpi). Birds fed COM 100 diet had lower (p < 0.05) intestinal lesion scores in jejunum and caeca on 7 dpi compared to those were in the CNT diet. No (p > 0.05) difference was observed in the oocysts per gram of feces count, intestinal morphology, carcass traits and blood cytokine concentration among the infected treatments. Collectively, we conclude that birds fed with a combination of THB and oregano extracts regardless of the ratios that were used demonstrated better recovery of health after the coccidial challenge than using only THB alone.

• 비교문화연구
• /
• 제40권
• /
• pp.213-238
• /
• 2015

본 논문은 "한한대사전"에 기재된 "사기 열전" 관련 어휘 가운데 드러나 보이는 5가지의 문제를 규정(옳게 바꿈)한 것이다. 필자는 크게 의미해석 오류수정, 의미해석 보충수정으로 나누어 설명하였다. 그 대강의 내용은 아래와 같다. 첫째, 의미해석 오류수정에서는 "가여", "교칙", "관채"의 풀이가 "한한대사전"에서 잘못 기재되어있음을 밝혔다. 독자로 하여금 혼돈을 일으키기 쉬운 그럴듯한 해석으로 본의를 상실한 한 경우가 대부분이었다. 각각은 "빌려 줌${\rightarrow}$주다", "정리함${\rightarrow}$옛 것을 제거하고 새롭게 꾸밈, 수식, 교정윤식(색)", "관찰하여 채택함. 살펴서 취함${\rightarrow}$(주의 깊게) 찾아보다, 물색하다"로 의미해석을 수정해 주어야 한다. 둘째, 의미해석 보충수정에서는 "효실", "심념"의 의미항목이 부족함을 언급하였다. 각각에 대하여 "실력을 드러내다", "깊은 시름에 잠기다"의 풀이를 보충해 주었다. 또한 국내외 학자들의 번역본을 비교해보면 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있다. "가여" 항목은 정범진의 풀이가 가장 정확했다. "교칙" 항목은 박일봉, 왕리기, 양종현 학지달의 풀이가 비교적 타당했다. "관채"항목은 박일봉과 왕리기의 번역이 적합했다. "효실" 항목에서는 김원중이 올바른 해석을 했으며, "심념" 항목은 왕중의 번역이 가장 이상적이라고 사료된다.

• Genes and Genomics
• /
• 제40권11호
• /
• pp.1169-1180
• /
• 2018

Cave shrimps from the genera Typhlatya, Stygiocaris and Typhlopatsa (TST complex) comprises twenty cave-adapted taxa, which mainly occur in the anchialine environment. Anchialine habitats may undergo drastic environmental fluctuations, including spatial and temporal changes in salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen content. Previous studies of crustaceans from anchialine caves suggest that they have possessed morphological, behavioral, and physiological adaptations to cope with the extreme conditions, similar to other cave-dwelling crustaceans. However, the genetic basis has not been thoroughly explored in crustaceans from anchialine habitats, which can experience hypoxic regimes. To test whether the TST shrimp-complex hypoxia adaptations matched adaptive evolution of mitochondrial OXPHOS genes. The 13 OXPHOS genes from mitochondrial genomes of 98 shrimps and 1 outgroup were examined. For each of these genes was investigated and compared to orthologous sequences using both gene (i.e. branch-site and Datamonkey) and protein (i.e. TreeSAAP) level approaches. Positive selection was detected in 11 of the 13 candidate genes, and the radical amino acid changes sites scattered throughout the entire TST complex phylogeny. Additionally, a series of parallel/convergent amino acid substitutions were identified in mitochondrial OXPHOS genes of TST complex shrimps, which reflect functional convergence or similar genetic mechanisms of cave adaptation. The extensive occurrence of positive selection is suggestive of their essential role in adaptation to hypoxic anchialine environment, and further implying that TST complex shrimps might have acquired a finely capacity for energy metabolism. These results provided some new insights into the genetic basis of anchialine hypoxia adaptation.