• 제목/요약/키워드: Growth-promoting effect

검색결과 477건 처리시간 0.033초

초석잠 뿌리 분획물의 항산화 및 항염증 효과와 smad 신호 전달에 미치는 효과 (Effect of Fractions From Stachys sieboldii Miq. Root on Antioxidant, Anti-inflammation and Smad Signaling)

  • 이정우;최명원;임선영
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제34권4호
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    • pp.245-253
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    • 2024
  • 본 연구는 초석잠 뿌리 분획물의 항산화 및 항염증 효과를 규명하고 transforming growth factor (TGF) β 자극에 의한 smad 신호전달에 미치는 효과에 대해 연구하였다. 초석잠 뿌리 분획물들 중 n-BuOH 분획물이 16.67 mg/g 으로 가장 높은 플라보노이드 함량을 나타내었으며, 다음으로 n-Hexane, water 및 85% aq. MeOH 분획물 순이었다. 초석잠 뿌리의 지방산 조성은 n-6 지방산(54.27%) > n-3 지방산(21.18%) > 포화지방산(19.70%) > n-9 지방산(3.60%) 순으로 나타났으며, 지방산들 중 n-6계 지방산인 linoleic acid (18:2n-6)가 54.27%로 나타내었고 n-3계 지방산인 linolenic acid (18:3n-3)는 20.82%의 함량을 나타내었다. DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거능을 확인한 결과, 초석잠 뿌리 분획물들 중 n-BuOH 분획물은 0.5 mg/mL 의 농도에서 각각 85.4% 및 90.2%로 라디칼 소거능을 나타내었다. 85% aq. MeOH 분획물은 0.5 mg/mL 의 농도에서 각각 58.7% 및 90.8%로 DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거능을 보였다. 항염증 효능 중 NO 생성 저해 효과는 모든 분획물들이 0.5, 1 및 2 mg/mL의 농도에서 control 과 유의적 차이를 보이면서 NO 생성을 저해하였다(p<0.05). TGFβ signaling의 smad3 의 인산화 발현량을 확인한 결과 85% aq. MeOH 및 water 분획물들을 처리한 군에서 control과 비교했을 때 각각 88% 및 77% 수준으로 smad3의 인산화가 저해되는 것을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과들로부터 플라보노이드 함량이 높은 n-BuOH 분획물의 항산화 활성이 높았고 항염증 및 TGFβ signaling의 smad3 의 인산화 저해 활성은 85% aq. MeOH 및 water 분획물들에서 높은 활성이 나타났다.

Feeding Effect of an Anabolic Steroid, Nandrolone, on the Male Rat Testis

  • Lee, Dong-Mok;Min, Tae-Sun;Choi, In-Ho;Cheon, Yong-Pil;Chun, Tae-Hoon;Park, Chang-Sik;Lee, Ki-Ho
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제23권12호
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    • pp.1566-1577
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    • 2010
  • Nandrolone, 19-nortestosterone, is a synthetic androgenic-anabolic steroid promoting muscle growth. Nandrolone is also present in pig meat and sera at non-negligible levels. A number of scientific reports have suggested a positive relationship between incidence of infertility and increased meat consumption in humans. The present study was designed to determine out the effect of feeding nandrolone on the testis of the male reproductive tract. Mixtures of food and nandrolone at different concentrations (0.005 ppm and 0.5 ppm) were supplied to pubertal male rats for 6 weeks. Body weight was recorded every week during the entire experimental period. At the end of the treatment, the testis, epididymis, and epididymal fat were collected and weighted. Sperm numbers in the caudal epididymis were counted. Differential gene or protein expression of steroidogenic enzymes in the testes among experimental groups was determined by semi-quantitative real-time PCR or western blotting analysis, respectively. Histological changes of the testis induced by nandrolone treatment were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemical analysis was employed to detect changes in the localization of steroidogenic enzymes in the testes among experimental animals. There were no significant changes on body, testis, epididymis, and epididymal fat weights among experimental groups. A significant increase of caudal sperm number was found in the 0.5 ppm nandrolone-treated group. Histological examination of the testes noted a high frequency of germ cell sloughing in seminiferous tubules of 0.5 ppm nandrolone-treated rats. Even though transcript levels of $3{\beta}$-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) I, $17{\beta}$-HSD4, and $17{\alpha}$-hydroxylase were influenced by nandrolone treatments, protein levels of all molecules examined in the present study were not significantly affected. Immunohistochemical analysis showed no visible changes in the localization of steroidogenic enzymes in the testes among experimental groups. The current study showed that oral intake of nandrolone in male rats for 6 weeks did not cause significant damage to the testis. It is considered that a feeding effect of nandrolone on male fertility would not be remarkable.

Lactobacillus plantarum으로 발효한 뽕잎 추출물의 항당뇨 효과 (Anti-diabetic effect of mulberry leaf extract fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum)

  • 최지수;이설희;박영서
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제52권2호
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    • pp.191-199
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    • 2020
  • 본 연구에서는 발효식품으로부터 항당뇨 효능을 지닌 유산균을 분리하여 뽕잎 추출물을 발효하고, 제조된 유산균 발효 뽕잎 추출물의 항당뇨 효능을 평가하였다. 갓김치에서 분리된 Lactobacillus plantarum SG-053은 α-glucosidase 저해 활성이 96.8%로 가장 우수하고, 뽕잎을 발효하여 뽕잎에 존재하는 항당뇨 지표물질인 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ)의 함량을 2.2배 증가시키며 우수한 생육 활성을 나타내어 본 연구에서 뽕잎 추출액의 발효에 사용하였다. L. plantarum SG-053으로 발효한 뽕잎 추출물은 L6 근관세포에 대한 세포독성은 없었고, IRS-1, PI3K p85α, GLUT-4 유전자 발현을 각각 1.4, 2.2, 1.4배로 증가시켰으며, 세포의 2-deoxyglucose 흡수를 1 μM의 인슐린보다 높은 수준인 40.7% 증가시켜 인슐린 신호전달 경로를 활성화시킴으로써 세포의 인슐린 저항성을 개선하는 것으로 확인되었다. 경구 당 부하 검사를 통해 유산균 발효 뽕잎 추출물이 포도당 섭취에 의해 증가한 혈당을 빠르게 감소시키고, α-glucosidase의 저해를 통해 maltose의 분해에 의한 혈당 증가를 억제하였다. 유산균 발효 뽕잎 추출물은 SD rat의 허벅지 골격근 조직의 PI3K p85α와 GLUT-4 유전자 발현을 각각 6.4, 2.1배 증가시켜 L6 근관세포에서와 유사한 결과를 나타냈으며, in vivo 근육 조직에서도 인슐린 신호전달경로의 활성화에 영향을 준다는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과로 L. plantarum SG-053이 뽕잎을 효과적으로 발효하여 DNJ의 함량을 증진시킨다는 것을 확인하였으며, L. plantarum SG-053으로 발효한 뽕잎 추출물은 우수한 항당뇨 효능을 지니는 것을 세포 및 동물실험 수준에서 확인하였다.

브랜드 이미지와 구매의도 간의 영향관계에서 상품 신뢰의 매개효과 검증: PB 쌀을 중심으로 (Mediation of Production Trust on Brand Image Influence on Repurchase Intention for PB Rice)

  • 김덕현;하지영;이승현;안욱현
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제12권8호
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    • pp.83-90
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    • 2014
  • Purpose - Increasing sales of PB rice products can hinder the growth of domestic brands of rice, notwithstanding that the government is promoting domestic brands of rice. This analysis evaluated the influencing relationship among the variables of PB image, product credibility, and purchase intention of consumers who have never bought PB rice, to know the factors influencing consumers' decisions to purchase PB products. Research design, data, and methodology - PB products' brand image was analyzed as the factor that has a direct effect on purchase intention. The mediation effect of credibility on PB products is also analyzed, in terms of influencing the relationship between PB products' brand image and purchase intention. The analysis is performed on consumers that have not purchased a PB product and consumers who have purchased PB products from major distributors. Data is collected through questionnaires, from 389 of responders, and the AMOS 19.0 statistics package is used as a statistical tool. Results - It is proven that brand image has direct effects on the credibility of the product, and the credibility of product has a direct effect on purchase intention. However, it is revealed that brand image does not directly affect purchase intention, but that brand image indirectly affects it through the credibility of the product. Although the customers' recognition about PB image is low, the result shows that PB products' external attributes have effects on customers' purchase intention relating to the PB product. Therefore, it is important to establish the credibility of the PB product more than other products in terms of marketing. Conclusions - The following are the implications of the study. First, in a rice brand promotion, the credibility of the product should be ensured by a uniform brand image. To ensure the credibility of a product, the RPC brand and other brands should be unified, and the unified brand image should be applied to every product. Second, the package must possess a design as well as contents that could build consumers' perception of product credibility. Products' external attributes contribute to their credibility, which leads the consumers to purchase the products, including those consumers who have never bought PB rice products. Therefore, the products' credibility and sales can be reinforced by applying information about consumers' considerations when buying the PB rice product in different colors, font sizes, and packaging designs. This study is meaningful in two ways. First, it seeks to identify an NB revitalization strategy by exploring the purchasing behavior of customers who have no experience in buying PB rice products. Second, the results of previous studies about general brands are considered and applied in this study in order to investigate the influencing relationship among different factors of PB products. However, this study is a consumer awareness investigation; therefore, its results only have limited meaning to the relationship between brand image and purchase intention.

프랜차이즈 모기업 핵심역량 자원이 가맹점 관계결속과 재계약의도에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Core Competence and Resource Sharing on the Relational Bond among Franchisees and on Re-contract Intention in the Franchising Parent Companies)

  • 허영욱;주말찬
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제12권4호
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    • pp.11-22
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    • 2014
  • Purpose - The domestic franchise industry has made significant contributions to industry such as investment, employment, and community economy development, facilitating growth potential. The franchise industry provides management knowhow transfer between parent companies and franchisees as per contracts addressing use of business signs, franchisees' independent position, franchisor support, and royalties to be paid to the franchisors. However, many franchisors lack management knowhow and provide insufficient support because of poor control of franchisees and not having a systematic approach to support. This results in dissatisfied franchisees and failure to establish long-term relationships. Few studies have examined relational commitment and/or re-contract intention by support resources between franchisors and franchisees, despite a considerable output of theories and studies of the growth of the franchise industry. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to examine the effects of the ability to provide resources on relational commitments and re-contract intention, and to suggest causal relationships and implications. Research design, data, and methodology - The subject was domestic franchisors registered with the Association of Franchise with more than 50 franchisees. Franchisees under contract for 2 years and considering re-contract of their franchise 2 years later were used. The subjects totaled 300 franchisees in Seoul. A questionnaire survey was used to investigate the subject of franchisees' concessions during the 10 days from November 21, 2013 to November 30, 2013. After excluding 16 surveys with poor answers, 284 responses were finally used. Four areas and 44 questions were used. A nominal scale was used for four common characteristics questions including gender, ages, educational background, and franchise managing time. Questions regarding ability, relational commitment, and re-contract intention made use of a Likert 5-point scale. Data coding and data cleaning were used. SPSS 18.0 was used as follows. First, frequency analysis was done to investigate demographic characteristics. Second, exploratory factor analysis was done to verify validity of testing tools, and Cronbach's α coefficient was used to verify reliability. Third, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were done. An exploratory factor analysis was done to verify validity of concepts. A correlation analysis was done to test relationships between the variables, and multiple regression analysis was done to verify franchisor's ability, franchisees' relational commitment, and re-contract intention. Results - The following were the outcomes. First, store operation management, finance operation management, and human resource management affected the calculated bond. Second, store operation management and finance operation management affected the emotional bond. Third, store operation management, finance operation management, human resource management, and marketing management affected the prescriptive bond. Fourth, calculated bond and prescriptive bond had an effect on re-contract intention. Conclusions - As stated above, in franchise management, parent companies' offer and instruction of core competence to their franchisees as an information resource could improve the relational bond by helping them grow together through the resource sharing. Consequently, core competence factors were promoting factors that could improve franchisees' re-contract intention for a long time.

옥수수 뿌리에서 굴중성 반응과 에틸렌 생성에 미치는 Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate 조절 작용 (Regulation of Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate in the Gravitropic Response and Ethylene Production in Primary Roots of Maize)

  • 정윤호;김종식;이건주;김순영
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.87-91
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    • 2012
  • 암을 유발하는 phorbol ester로 알려진 Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)는 동물세포에서 신호전달 효소의 하나인 protein kinase C (PKC)를 활성화시킨다. 본 연구에서는 옥수수 일차뿌리에서 PMA가 에틸렌 생성을 통하여 굴중성 반응을 조절하는 효과를 연구하였다. PMA는 8시간 동안 $10^{-6}$ M과 $10^{-4}$ M에서 농도 의존적으로 뿌리 생장과 굴중성 반응을 촉진시켰다. 이러한 촉진 효과는 PKC의 억제제인 staurosporine (STA)에 의해 상쇄되었다. 이 결과는 굴중성 반응이 신호전달 체계에 관여하는 protein kinase C를 통하여 조절될 가능성을 제시하고 있다. 식물호르몬인 에틸렌도 뿌리 생장과 굴중성 반응에 중요한 역할을 한다고 알려져 있다. 에틸렌 생성은 $10^{-6}$ M과 $10^{-4}$ M PMA에 의하여 각각 26%와 37% 증가하였다. PMA는 또한 ACC synthase (ACS) 활성을 촉진시켰다. 또한 이 증가 효과는 STA에 의하여 상쇄되었다. 이 결과는 옥수수 뿌리에서 굴중성 반응은 에틸렌 생성을 거쳐 protein kinase를 통하여 조절될 가능성을 제시하고 있다.

Effects of Xylanase Supplementation on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Non-starch Polysaccharide Degradation in Different Sections of the Gastrointestinal Tract of Broilers Fed Wheat-based Diets

  • Zhang, L.;Xu, J.;Lei, L.;Jiang, Y.;Gao, F.;Zhou, G.H.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제27권6호
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    • pp.855-861
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    • 2014
  • This experiment was performed to investigate the effects of exogenous xylanase supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility and the degradation of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) in different sections of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broilers fed wheat-based diets. A total of 120 7-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly allotted to two wheat-based experimental diets supplemented with 0 or 1.0 g/kg xylanase. Each treatment was composed of 6 replicates with 10 birds each. Diets were given to the birds from 7 to 21 days of age. The results showed that xylanase supplementation did not affect feed intake, but increased body weight gain of broiler at 21 day of age by 5.8% (p<0.05) and improved feed-to-gain ratio by 5.0% (p<0.05). Xylanase significantly increased (p<0.05) ileal digestibilities of crude protein (CP) by 3.5%, starch by 9.3%, soluble NSP by 43.9% and insoluble NSP by 42.2% relative to the control group, respectively. Also, compared with the control treatment, xylanase addition increased (p<0.05) total tract digestibilities of dry matter by 5.7%, CP by 4.1%, starch by 6.3%, soluble NSP by 50.8%, and had a tendency to increase (p = 0.093) insoluble NSP by 19.9%, respectively. The addition of xylanase increased the concentrations of arabinose and xylose in the digesta of gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (p<0.05), and the order of their concentration was ileum>jejunum>duodenum>>gizzard> caecum. The supplementation of xylanse increased ileal isomaltriose concentration (p<0.05), but did not affect the concentrations of isomaltose, panose and 1-kestose in the digesta of all GIT sections. These results suggest that supplementation of xylanase to wheat-based diets cuts the arabinoxylan backbone into small fragments (mainly arabinose and xylose) in the ileum, jejunum and duodenum, and enhances digestibilites of nutrients by decreasing digesta viscosity. The release of arabinose and xylose in the small intestine may also be the important contributors to the growth-promoting effect of xylanase in broilers fed wheat-based diets.

Are Neutrophil/Lymphocyte and Platelet/Lymphocyte Rates in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Associated with Treatment Response and Prognosis?

  • Unal, Dilek;Eroglu, Celalettin;Kurtul, Neslihan;Oguz, Arzu;Tasdemir, Arzu
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제14권9호
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    • pp.5237-5242
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    • 2013
  • Background: Inflammation is a critical component of tumor progression. Many cancers arise from sites of infection, chronic irritation, and inflammation. It is now becoming clear that the tumour microenvironment, which is largely orchestrated by inflammatory cells, is an essential participant in the neoplastic process, promoting proliferation, survival and migration. Platelets can release some growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor, platelet factor 4, and thrombospondin. Such factors have been shown to promote hematogenous tumour spread, tumor cell adhesion and invasion, and angiogenesis and to play an important role in tumor progression. In this study, we aimed to investigate effects of the pretreatment neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) on survival and response to chemoradiotherapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: Ninety-four patients with non-metastatic NSCLC were included and separated into two groups according to median valuse of NLR and PLR (low:<3.44 or high:${\geq}3.44$ and low:<194 or high${\geq}194$, respectively). Results: Pretreatment high NLR and PLR were associated with significantly shorter disease-free and overall survival rates. Multivariate analysis revealed that the overall survival rates were significantly linked with PLR (OR: 1.87, CI: 1.20-2.91, p: 0.006) and response to chemoradiotherapy (OR: 1.80, CI: 1.14-2.81, p: 0.012) and the disease-free survival rates were significantly associated with NLR (OR: 1.81, CI: 1.16-2.82, p: 0.009) and response to chemoradiotherapy (OR: 2.30, CI: 1.45-3.66, p: 0.001). There was no significant difference between patients with high and low NLR in terms of response to chemoradiotherapy. Similarly, there was no significant influence of the PLR. Conclusions: Pretreatment NLR and PLR measurements can provide important prognostic results in patients with NSCLC and assessment of the two parameters together appears to better predict the prognosis in patients with NSCLC. The effect of inflammation, indicators of NLR and PLR, on survival seems independent of the response to chemoradiotherapy.

Effects of Exogenous Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 on Neural Differentiation of Parthenogenetic Murine Embryonic Stem Cells

  • Choi, Young-Ju;Park, Sang-Kyu;Kang, Ho-In;Roh, Sang-Ho
    • Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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    • 제36권1호
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    • pp.33-37
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    • 2012
  • Differential capacity of the parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells (PESCs) is still under controversy and the mechanisms of its neural induction are yet poorly understood. Here we demonstrated neural lineage induction of PESCs by addition of insulin-like growth factor-2 (Igf2), which is an important factor for embryo organ development and a paternally expressed imprinting gene. Murine PESCs were aggregated to embryoid bodies (EBs) by suspension culture under the leukemia inhibitory factor-free condition for 4 days. To test the effect of exogenous Igf2, 30 ng/ml of Igf2 was supplemented to EBs induction medium. Then neural induction was carried out with serum-free medium containing insulin, transferrin, selenium, and fibronectin complex (ITSFn) for 12 days. Normal murine embryonic stem cells derived from fertilized embryos (ESCs) were used as the control group. Neural potential of differentiated PESCs and ESCs were analyzed by immunofluorescent labeling and real-time PCR assay (Nestin, neural progenitor marker; Tuj1, neuronal cell marker; GFAP, glial cell marker). The differentiated cells from both ESC and PESC showed heterogeneous population of Nestin, Tuj1, and GFAP positive cells. In terms of the level of gene expression, PESC showed 4 times higher level of GFAP expression than ESCs. After exposure to Igf2, the expression level of GFAP decreased both in derivatives of PESCs and ESCs. Interestingly, the expression level of $Tuj1$ increased only in ESCs, not in PESCs. The results show that IGF2 is a positive effector for suppressing over-expressed glial differentiation during neural induction of PESCs and for promoting neuronal differentiation of ESCs, while exogenous Igf2 could not accelerate the neuronal differentiation of PESCs. Although exogenous Igf2 promotes neuronal differentiation of normal ESCs, expression of endogenous $Igf2$ may be critical for initiating neuronal differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. The findings may contribute to understanding of the relationship between imprinting mechanism and neural differentiation and its application to neural tissue repair in the future.

대추 및 발효대추의 라디칼 소거능 및 모발 성장 촉진 효과 (Protective Effects of Zizyphus jujuba and Fermented Zizyphus jujuba from Free Radicals and Hair Loss)

  • 정지은;조은주
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제43권8호
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    • pp.1174-1180
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    • 2014
  • 대추와 5개의 균주로 발효시킨 발효대추의 total polyphenol 함량과 in vitro에서의 radical 소거능을 검토한 결과 대추에 비해 발효대추에서의 total polyphenol 함량이 높게 나타났고 DPPH와 OH의 소거능이 우수하였으며, 특히 Saccharomyces cerevisiae로 발효시킨 대추가 가장 우수한 효과를 보였다. 이에 대추 추출물과 Sac. cerevisiae로 발효시킨 대추 추출물을 이용하여 C57BL/6N 탈모 마우스실험 모델 하에서 발모 성장 촉진 효과 및 탈모 예방 효과를 검토하였다. 제모 후 EtOH 도포군에서는 거의 발모가 진행되지 않았으나 Zizyphus jujuba(Zj) 도포군과 Sac. cerevisiae-fermented Zj(Zj-Y) 도포군에서는 전체적으로 발모가 진행되었고, 모발의 성장 속도는 minoxidil 도포군>Zj-Y 도포군> Zj 도포군> EtOH 도포군의 순으로 나타났다. 또한 자발적인 탈모에 대한 예방 효과도 대추, 특히 발효대추 도포군에서 우수함을 관찰할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과로 대추에 비해 발효대추, 특히 Sac. cerevisiae로 발효시킨 대추가 항산화 효능이 뛰어나며, 발모 촉진 효과 및 탈모예방 효과가 우수함을 알 수 있었다.