Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2014.14006

Effects of Xylanase Supplementation on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Non-starch Polysaccharide Degradation in Different Sections of the Gastrointestinal Tract of Broilers Fed Wheat-based Diets  

Zhang, L. (College of Animal Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University)
Xu, J. (College of Animal Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University)
Lei, L. (College of Animal Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University)
Jiang, Y. (Ginling College, Nanjing Normal University)
Gao, F. (College of Animal Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University)
Zhou, G.H. (College of Animal Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University)
Publication Information
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences / v.27, no.6, 2014 , pp. 855-861 More about this Journal
Abstract
This experiment was performed to investigate the effects of exogenous xylanase supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility and the degradation of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) in different sections of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broilers fed wheat-based diets. A total of 120 7-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly allotted to two wheat-based experimental diets supplemented with 0 or 1.0 g/kg xylanase. Each treatment was composed of 6 replicates with 10 birds each. Diets were given to the birds from 7 to 21 days of age. The results showed that xylanase supplementation did not affect feed intake, but increased body weight gain of broiler at 21 day of age by 5.8% (p<0.05) and improved feed-to-gain ratio by 5.0% (p<0.05). Xylanase significantly increased (p<0.05) ileal digestibilities of crude protein (CP) by 3.5%, starch by 9.3%, soluble NSP by 43.9% and insoluble NSP by 42.2% relative to the control group, respectively. Also, compared with the control treatment, xylanase addition increased (p<0.05) total tract digestibilities of dry matter by 5.7%, CP by 4.1%, starch by 6.3%, soluble NSP by 50.8%, and had a tendency to increase (p = 0.093) insoluble NSP by 19.9%, respectively. The addition of xylanase increased the concentrations of arabinose and xylose in the digesta of gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (p<0.05), and the order of their concentration was ileum>jejunum>duodenum>>gizzard> caecum. The supplementation of xylanse increased ileal isomaltriose concentration (p<0.05), but did not affect the concentrations of isomaltose, panose and 1-kestose in the digesta of all GIT sections. These results suggest that supplementation of xylanase to wheat-based diets cuts the arabinoxylan backbone into small fragments (mainly arabinose and xylose) in the ileum, jejunum and duodenum, and enhances digestibilites of nutrients by decreasing digesta viscosity. The release of arabinose and xylose in the small intestine may also be the important contributors to the growth-promoting effect of xylanase in broilers fed wheat-based diets.
Keywords
Xylanase; Broiler; Performance; Digestibility; Non-starch Polysaccharide Degradation;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Chung, C. H. and D. F. Day. 2004. Efficacy of Leuconostoc mesenteroides (ATCC 13146) isomaltooligosaccharides as a poultry prebiotic. Poult. Sci. 83:1302-1306.   DOI
2 Englyst, H. N., M. E. Quigley, and G. J. Hudson. 1994. Determination of dietary fibre as non-starch polysaccharides with gas-liquid chromatographic, high-performance liquid chromatographic or spectrophotometric measurement of constituent sugars. Analyst 119:1497-1509.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Esmaeilipour, O., H. Moravej, M. Shivazad, M. Rezaian, S. Aminzadeh, and M. M. Van Krimpen. 2012. Effects of diet acidification and xylanase supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility, duodenal histology and gut microflora of broilers fed wheat based diet. Br. Poult. Sci. 53:235-244.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Esmaeilipour, O., M. Shivazad, H. Moravej, S. Aminzadeh, M. Rezaian, and M. M. Van Krimpen. 2011. Effects of xylanase and citric acid on the performance, nutrient retention, and characteristics of gastrointestinal tract of broilers fed low-phosphorus wheat-based diets. Poult. Sci. 90:1975-1982.   DOI
5 Friesen, O. D., W. Guenter, R. R. Marquardt, and B. A. Rotter. 1992. The effect of enzyme supplementation on the apparent metabolizable energy and nutrient digestibilities of wheat, barley, oats and rye for young broiler chicks. Poult. Sci. 71:1710-1721.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Gao, F., Y. Jiang, G. H. Zhou, and Z. K. Han. 2007. The effects of xylanase supplementation on growth, digestion, circulating hormone and metabolite levels, immunity and gut microflora in cockerels fed on wheat-based diets. Br. Poult. Sci. 48:480-488.3.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Gao, F., Y. Jiang, G. H. Zhou, and Z. K. Han. 2008. The effects of xylanase supplementation on performance, characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract, blood parameters and gut microflora in broilers fed on wheat-based diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 142:173-184.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Hirayama, M. 2002. Novel physiological functions of oligosaccharides. Pure Appl. Chem. 74:1271-1279.
9 Joye, D. and H. Hoebregs. 2000. Determination of oligofructose, a soluble dietary fiber, by high-temperature capillary gas chromatography. J. AOAC Int. 83:1020-1026.
10 Kaplan, H. and R. W. Hutkins. 2000. Fermentation of fructooligosaccharides by lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:2682-2684.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Malathi, V. and G. Devegowda. 2001. In vitro evaluation of nonstarch polysaccharide digestibility of feed ingredients by enzymes. Poult.Sci. 80:302-305.   DOI
12 Parracho, H., A. L. McCartney, and G. R. Gibson. 2007. Probiotics and prebiotics in infant nutrition. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 66:405-411.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 McCleary, B. V., T. S. Gibson, and D. C. Mugford. 1997. Measurement of total starch in cereal products by amyloglucosidase-$\alpha$-amylase method: Collaborative study. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 80:571-579.
14 Meng, X., B. A. Slominski, C. M. Nyachoti, L. D. Campbell, and W. Guenter. 2005. Degradation of cell wall polysaccharides by combinations of carbohydrase enzymes and their effect on nutrient utilization and broiler chicken performance. Poult. Sci. 84:37-47.   DOI
15 Patel, S. and A. Goya. 2011. Functional oligosaccharides: production, properties and application. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 27:1119-1128.   DOI
16 Vogtmann, H., P. Frirter, and A. L. Prabuck. 1975. A new method of determining metabolizability of energy and digestibility of fatty acids in broiler diets. Br. Poult. Sci. 16:531-534.   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Quigley, M. E., G. J. Hudson, and H. N. Englyst. 1999. Determination of resistant short-chain carbohydrates (non-digestible oligosaccharides) using gas-liquid chromatography. Food Chem. 65:381-390.   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Vandeplas, S., R. D. Dauphin, C. Thiry, Y. Beckers, G. W. Welling, P. Thonart, and A. Thewis. 2009. Efficiency of a Lactobacillus plantarum-xylanase combination on growth performances, microflora populations, and nutrient digestibilities of broilers infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. Poult. Sci. 88:1643-1654.   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Vandeplas, S., R. D. Dauphin, P. Thonart, A. Thewis, and Y. Beckers. 2010. Effect of the bacterial or fungal origin of exogenous xylanases supplemented to a wheat-based diet on performance of broiler chickens and nutrient digestibility of the diet. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 90:221-228.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Barekatain, M. R., C. Antipatis, M. Choct, and P. A. Iji. 2013. Interaction between protease and xylanase in broiler chicken diets containing sorghum distillers' dried grains with soluble. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 182:71-81.   DOI   ScienceOn
21 AOAC. 2000. Official Methods of Analysis, 17th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.
22 Bailey, M. J. 1988. A note on the use of dinitrosalicylic acid for determining the products of enzymatic reactions. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 29:494-497.   DOI
23 Bedford, M. R. 2000. Exogenous enzymes in monogastric nutrition-their current value and future benefits. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 86:1-13.   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Bedford, M. R. and H. L. Classen. 1992. Reduction of intestinal viscosity through manipulation of dietary rye and pentosanase concentration is effected through changes in the carbohydrate composition of the intestinal aqueous phase and results in improved growth rate and food conversion efficiency of broiler chicks. J. Nutr. 122:560-569.
25 Choct, M. and G. Annison. 1992b. The inhibition of nutrient digestion by wheat pentosans. Br. J. Nutr. 67:123-132.   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Chen, H. L., H. O. Lu, J. J. Lin, and L. Y. Ko. 2001. Effects of isomalto- oligosaccharides on bowel functions and indicators of nutritional status in constipated elderly men. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 20:44-49.   DOI
27 Choct, M. 1997. Feed non-starch polysaccharides: Chemical structures and nutritional significance. Feed Milling Int. 13-26.
28 Choct, M. and G. Annison. 1992a. Anti-nutritive effect of wheat pentosans in broiler chickens: Roles of viscosity and gut microflora. Br. Poult. Sci. 33:821-834.   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Choct, M., A. Kocher, D. L. E. Waters, D. Pettersson, and G. Ross. 2004. A comparison of three xylanases on the nutritive value of two wheats for broiler chickens. Br. J. Nutr. 92:53-61.   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Diebold, G., R. Mosenthin, H. P. Piepho, and W. C. Sauer. 2004. Effect of supplementation of xylanase and phospholipase to a wheat-based diet for weanling pigs on nutrient digestibility and concentrations of microbial metabolites in ileal digesta and feces. J. Anim. Sci. 82:2647-2656.
31 Choct, M., R. J. Hughes, and M. R. Bedford. 1999. Effects of a xylanase on individual bird variation, starch digestion throughout the intestine, and ileal and caecal volatile fatty acid production in chickens fed wheat. Br. Poult. Sci. 40:419-422.   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Choct, M., R. J. Hughes, J. Wang, M. R. Bedford, A. J. Morgan, and G. Annison. 1996. Increased small intestinal fermentation is partly responsible for the anti-nutritive activity of non-starch polysaccharides in chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 37:609-621.   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Nian, F., Y. M. Guo, Y. J. Ru, F. D. Li, and A. Peron. 2011. Effect of exogenous xylanase supplementation on the performance, net energy and gut microflora of broiler chickens fed wheat-based diets. Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 24:400-406.   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Liu, D., S. S. Guo, and Y. M. Guo. 2012. Xylanase supplementation to a wheat-based diet alleviated the intestinal mucosal barrier impairment of broiler chickens challenged by Clostridium perfringens. Avian Pathol. 41:291-298.   DOI   ScienceOn
35 Hetland, H., M. Choct, and B. Svihus. 2004. Role of insoluble non-starch polysaccharides in poultry nutrition. World's Poult. Sci. J. 60:415-422.   DOI   ScienceOn