• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.347-356
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• 2006

It is reported that a fermented soybean food, Doenjang, has srong antimutagenic and cytotoxic effect on cancer cells. This study investigated the effect of Chungkookjang, another traditional popular Korean soybean fermented food, on growth of cancer cells: HL-60, SNU-638 and MCF-7, and also its in vivo antitumorigenic effect in DMBA-induced mammary tumor rat model. For the in vitro study, Chungkookjang and steamed soybeans were extracted with ethanol and sequentially fractioned with 5 kinds of solvents differing in grades of polarity such as hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, butanol and water. Almost all Chungkookjang extracts significantly inhibited the growth of HL-60 (human leukemic cancer cell), SNU-638 (human gastric cancer cell) and MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell) when compared to steamed soybean extracts. Butanol fraction of Chungkookjang extract especially showed a remarkable inhibitory effect in all the three kinds of cancer cells. To induce a mammary gland tumor, DMBA (50 mg/BW) was administered to 50 day-old female rats and followed by Chungkookjang or steamed soybean supplemented diets. Freezedried Chungkookjang powder (20% of diet in wet weight) was added to AIN-93G based diet for the Chungkookjang group of rats. Likewise, steamed soybean powder containing equal protein content to that of Chungkookjang powder was supplemented to soybean group of rats. At 13 weeks later, the mammary tumor incidence, average tumor number and tumor weight a rat were lower in Chungkookjang group compared to the control or soybean group. In conclusion, Chungkookjang showed a strong inhibitory effect on cancer cell growth in vitro, as well as a more preventive effect against chemically induced mammary tumorigenesis in vivo, while steamed soybeans did not. Therefore, these results suggest that Chungkookjang acquire its anticancer activity through the fermentation process.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.162-173
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• 2006

The water-extracts of Scutellaria barbata Don (SBDE) were isolated from Chinese medicinal plant sources. The extracts showed strong growth-inhibitory activity and cancer chemopreventive activity on the growth and DNA incorporation of MG63 human osteosarcoma and K562 human leukemia cell lines. The growth of human cancer cells was inhibited in the presence of the extracts (20, 50 and 100 ${\mu}$g/ml), and the effects were concentration-dependent and incubation time-dependent up to 8 days. When 50 ${\mu}$g/ml of the extracts was added to the media of MG63 and K562, cell growth after 8 days or 6 days of incubation was retarded by 93.2 to 97.3% of the control group. Morphological changes of MG63 and K562 cell lines were observed. As the concentration of the extracts increased up to 50 ${\mu}$g/ml, degree of cell aggregation decreased. Moreover, the DNA incorporation of the cells which were labeled with [3H] thymidine was significantly reduced after 3 days of incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ with the extract. Therefore, it is suggested that the extract is highly effective on inhibition of cancer cell growth. The extract also inhibited gene expression of IGF-II in transcriptional level. Since IGF-II works as a mitogenic effector on MG63 and K562 cell lines, these results suggest that the growth inhibition is in part mediated through the inhibition of IGF-II gene expression.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.113-126
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• 1979

This study was undertaken to assess the effect of the Korean red ginseng extracts on the growth of lactic acid bacteria, such as Lac. acidophilus and Str. thermophilus. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The growth of all the lactic acid bacteria tested in this study was not influenced when the skim milk was added with the red ginseng extracts in concentration of less than 4.0%. But the growth was remarkably inhibited in the presence of 8.0% red ginseng extracts in skim milk. 2. Titratable acidity was more or less increased by addition of red ginseng extracts as compared with control except when the amount of 8.0% red ginseng extracts were added into skim milk. 3. No particular effect was observed in the growth of lactic acid bacteria in case of addition of saponins. But the remarkable inhibitory effect was observed in the skim milk with the amount of 1.2mg/ml the fractions extracted by ethyl ether from red ginseng extracts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1107-1112
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• 1999

We investigated the inhibitory effects of phytol and methyl 11,14,17 eicosatrienoic acid (methyl ETA, n 3, 20 : 3) separated from perilla leaves on the growth of human cancer cells. Phytol inhibited significantly the growth of HT 29 human colon cancer cells, MG 63 osteosarcoma cells and AZ 521 gastric cancer cells. Although the activity of methyl ETA was lower than that of phytol, it was also observed to have the inhibitory effect on three human cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the DNA synthesis of the MG 63 osteosarcoma cells was markedly decreased by the addition of the phytol and methyl ETA. These results suggest that phytol and methyl ETA identified from the perilla leaves may play a role on the growth inhibition of the human cancer cells.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.532-537
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• 1993

Angiogenesis refers to the formation of new capillary blood vessels, or neovascularization occurring under various physical conditions, such as development of the embryo, formation of corpus luteum, wound healing and pathological conditions including tumor growth and metastases, hemangiomas, diabetic retinopathy, rheumatoid arthritis. There are many evidences that angiogenesis is important for the progressive growth of solid tumors and also permits the shedding of metastatic tumors from the primary site. Thus, treatment of angiogenesis inhibitors might be a novel strategy for tumor growth inhibition. Normal vascular endothelial cells are in a state of differentiation and angiogenic endothelial cells migrate and proliferate, and they subsequently differentiate into vessel-forming quiescent phenotype cells, Therfore, it was speculated that a modifier of cell differentiation could also affect angiogenesis. In order to identify new antiangiogenic factors, the research was conducted to estimate the inhibitory activities of cell differentiation agents by means of chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane(CAM) assay. Hence, we have established the CAM assay for the screening of antiangiogenic agents. Using the CAM assay, we found that ursolic acid, a tumor cell differentiation-inducing agent, showed a markedly inhibitory effect on chick embryonic angiogenesis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.564-568
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• 2007

In this study, the ethanolic extracts of 40 species of traditional herbal medicines were examined for their antimicrobial activities against Clostridium difficile. Among the 43 screened traditional herbal medicines, Achyranthes Japonica Nakai (AJN), Siegesbeckia glabrescens Makino, and Phelloedendron amurense Ruprecht showed antimicrobial activities greater than 90% at a concentration of 500 ppm. According to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the AJN ethanolic extracts (AJNEA) showed the highest growth inhibitory activity against C. difficile, with a MIC of $625{\mu}g/mL$. In addition, the effect of AJNEA on the growth of lactic acid bacteria was investigated. AJNEA did not inhibit the growth of the tested Bifidobacterium spp. or Lactobacillus spp., with the exception of B. longum, Streptococcus thermophilus, and L. helveticus. These results indicate that AJNEA can be utilized as a potential antimicrobial agent against C. difficile related disease.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.188-192
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• 2002

The phototoxicity inhibitory activity of 15 natural products having antiinflammatory effect was screened by three in vitro methods : yeast growth inhibition test with Candida albicans, RBC photohemolysis and MTT assay. We induced phototoxic reaction by irradiating UVB (312 nm) on chlorpromazine (CPZ) that has been widely documented as phototoxic agent in clinical and experimental studies and then observed the effects of the natural products after treating them with CPZ. In yeast growth Inhibition test, P. persica and E. officinalis showed the inhibitory effect on the UVB phototoxicity and E. officinalis, yeast, P. suffruticosa showed phototoxicity inhibitory effect in that their ％ hemolysis compared with control were 45.76 $\pm$ 0.91, 34.42$\pm$1.01, 35.30 $\pm$4.76 on UVB. In MTT assay, all tested natural products increased cell viability compared with the contort.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 1986

An attempt was made to verify the antibacterial activities of the soluble extracts of Gardenia jasminoides(SEGJ) against mycobacteria other than tubercle bacilli (MOTT); M. kansasii, M. scrofulaceum, M. simiae, M. szulgai, M.xenopi, M. avium-intracellulare complex, M. gordonae and M. flarescens. In addition, the effect of the SEGJ on the yellow pigmentation and violet pigmentation (crocin reaction) of the colonies of the MOTT grown on7H10-crocin agar plates was observed. The SEGJ gave a growth stimulatory activity against most species of mycobacteria except for M. szulgai at low concentration of the SEGJ in terms of crocin pigment OD=0.02 or less, but exerted an inhibitory activity at high concentration of OD=0.04 or more. The growth-inhibitory activity of the SEGJ was dose-dependent but the yellow pigmentation of the scotochromogens was not affected by the dose of the SEGJ that was growth-inhibitory. Crocin positive reaction was observed only with M. kansasii.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.419-434
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common prostate disease and one of the most common chronic diseases caused by aging in men. On the other hand, there has been no research on BPH using Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai (A. distichum). Therefore, this study investigated the effects of A. distichum on BPH. MATERIALS/METHODS: A. distichum leaves were extracted with distilled water, 70% ethanol, and 95% hexane as solvents. Subsequently, the inhibitory effects of each A. distichum extract on androgen receptor (AR) signaling were evaluated in vitro. The testosterone-induced BPH model was then used to confirm the efficacy of A. distichum leaves in 70% ethanol extract (ADLE). RESULTS: ADLE had the strongest inhibitory effect on AR signaling. A comparison of the activity of ADLE by harvest time showed that the leaves of A. distichum harvested in autumn had a superior inhibitory effect on AR signaling to those harvested at other times. In the BPH rat model, the administration of ADLE reduced the prostate size and prostate epithelial cell thickness significantly and inhibited AR signaling. Subsequently, the administration of ADLE also reduced the expression of growth factors, thereby inactivating the PI3K/AKT pathway. CONCLUSIONS: An analysis of the efficacy of ADLE to relieve BPH showed that the ethanol extract grown in autumn exhibited the highest inhibitory ability of the androgen-signaling related factors in vitro. ADLE also inhibited the expression of growth factors by inhibiting the expression of the androgen-signaling related factors in vivo. Overall, ADLE is proposed as a functional food that is effective in preventing BPH.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2006

This study was initiated to evaluate the inhibitory effect of selected heavy metals on the growth of Acinetobacter sp. Down as one of the phosphorus accumulating microorganisms (PAO) involved in the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process of the wastewater treatment plant. Acinetobacter sp. was initially selected as a starting model microorganism and was grown under aerobic condition for this experiment. The heavy metals selected and investigated in this study were cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn). Median $(IC_{50})$ and threshold $(IC_{10})$ inhibitory concentrations for Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, and Zn were 2.95 and 1.45, 4.92 and 2.53, 0.03 and 0.02, 1.12 and 0.43, 14.84 and 5.46 mg $L^{-1}$, respectively. We demonstrated that most of heavy metals tested in the experiment inhibited the growth of Acinetobacter sp. in the range of predetermined concentrations. Based on the data obtained from the experiment, Hg was the most sensitive to Acinetobacter sp., then Ni, Cd, Cu, and Zn in order.