• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.235-243
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of Growth Hormone promotin and kinetic factors on Growth Hormone Activated Shoes. The results of the present study were as follows; First, there was a significient difference between a normal shoes and the Growth Hormone activated shoes in the student's GH secretion with running test, and there was a significant interaction effect between shoes and distance. therefore it can be assumed that there is a significant effect of GH secretion in student at growth period during running with Growth Hormine Activated Shoes. Second, Within 4km walking, Growth Hormone secretion was in creased averagely in student. Third, Growth Hormone Activated Shoes make a large load for light motion as walking. For heavy motion as running, it make a large impulsion but good pressure distribution and small loading rate.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.50 no.3
• /
• pp.212-220
• /
• 2024

Background: 2-Ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) is widely used as a flame-retardant plasticizer in the production of polyvinyl chloride, adhesives, and food packaging. This chemical has been frequently detected in water, sediment, and indoor environments, and its lipophilicity raises concerns about bioaccumulation. Objectives: In this study, the effects of EHDPP on the development, behavioral changes, and growth hormone (GH) endocrine system of zebrafish larvae were investigated. Methods: Fertilized embryos were exposed to various concentrations (control, solvent control, 0.07, 0.7, 7, 70, and 700 ㎍/L) of EHDPP for 96 h. Developmental toxicity endpoints were observed daily. Behavioral changes under light-dark-light conditions and changes in hormones and genes related to GH/insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) axis were determined. Results: Significant decreases in survival, body length and moving distance were observed in zebrafish larvae exposed to 70 and 700 ㎍/L EHDPP. The concentrations of GH and IGF-1 were significantly decreased in zebrafish larvae exposed to 70 and 700 ㎍/L EHDPP. This change was well supported by changes in the transcription of genes involved in GH, IGF, IGF receptors, and IGF binding proteins. Conclusions: Our observations showed that exposure to 70 and 700 ㎍/L EHDPP could disrupt the feedback circuits of the GH/IGFs axis, ultimately leading to developmental toxicity, hypoactivity, and mortality.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.34 no.12
• /
• pp.1886-1894
• /
• 2021

Objective: Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) play a critical role in animal growth rates. We aimed to investigate the effect of GH and IGF-I genotypes on body weight (BW), dominance, and gene expression in slow-growing chickens at different ages. Methods: A total of 613 Korat chickens (KRs) were bred and divided into three groups by genotype - A1A1, A1A3, and A3A3 for GH and AA, AC, and CC for IGF-I. Chickens were weighed every two weeks, and liver and breast muscle tissues were collected at 10 weeks of age. Genetic parameters of KRs were estimated using ASReml software. The GH and IGF-I mRNA levels were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Significant differences between traits were analyzed using the generalized linear model. Results: A significant effect of GH genotypes on BW was found at most ages, and the A1A1 genotype had the highest value of BW. Compared with the A3A3 genotype, the A1A1 and A1A3 genotypes showed a higher dominance effect at 0 and 2 weeks, and genotype A1A1 had the highest value of dominance at 8 weeks of age. A difference in GH mRNA levels between genotypes was detected in breast muscle at 6 weeks and in the liver tissue at 2 weeks. In the case of IGF-I gene, the AA genotype had the highest BW at the beginning of life. Significant differences in BW dominance were found at 2 weeks. However, IGF-I mRNA levels were not different among genotypes in both breast muscles and liver tissues. Conclusion: Our results revealed that GH and IGF-I influence growth, but may not be involved in heterosis. GH can be used as a marker gene in selection programs for growth because the homozygous genotype (A1A1) had the highest BW at all ages. The IGF-I is not a useful marker gene for selection programs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.467-470
• /
• 1994

Effects of animo acids infusion into the abomasum on plasma growth hormone (GH) concentration were investigated using three wethers of 54 kg of average body weight. Wethers were infused with either 3.25 mmol/kg BW/day of sodium chloride solution (control), 3 mmol/kg BW/day of alanine (Ala), or 3 mmol/kg BW/day of aspartic acid (Asp) continuously for five days through an abomasum cathether in a $3{\times}3$ Latin square desing. On the day of starting infusion (day 0) and day 4 blood samples were collected from a jugular vein every fifteen minutes for six hours after feeding, and their GH concentrations were measured. Blood samples were also collected immediately before starting infusion (day 0), and before feeding of day 1, day 2 and day 4, and their plasma free amino acid concentrations were measured. In the animals infused with Ala, plasma free Ala concentration was increased by Ala infusion and it continued for four days. Plasma GH concentration of these animals increased on day 0, but this phenomenon disappeared on day 4. In the animals infused with Asp, the increase in plasma Asp concentration was observed only on day 1. Plasma GH concentration of these animals was not affected by Asp infusion. These results suggest that continuous Ala infusion stimulates GH secretion for a short period, but the effect would not last long, and that continuous Asp infusion does not affect plasma GH concentration.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.34 no.3 s.134
• /
• pp.256-262
• /
• 2003

Lonicerae Flos (LF) has been used as an anticancer, anti-viral, and anti-inflammatory agent in traditional herbal medicine. In this study, induction of rat growth hormone (rGH) by addition of methanol (MeOH) extract of LF of Lonicerae (L.) Folium or several constituents of L. Folium were carried out in the pituitary cell culture system. Induced rGH level by addition of 70% MeOH extract of LF was increased to $732.65{\pm}105.64%$ of control (n=18, p<0.01), however, the other sequential fractions were not significantly different from the control. Ochnaflavone, a constituent of L. Folium, induced rGH level in the cell culture to $329.73{\pm}160.00%$ of control (n=6, p<0.01). An I..v. injection of the MeOH extract of LF did not increase plasma rGH level in anesthetized rats. Unfortunately, the MeOH extract of LF induced prolactin and LH release about 7 and 5 fold of the control, respectively (p<0.05, each). In conclusions, 70% MeOH extract of LF exerted induction of rGH release in rat pituitary cell culture. Further studies to investigate mechanisms of the inducded rGH by LF are in progress.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.422-430
• /
• 2000

In order to search for the effects of Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence and nucleotide sequence of spacer region (SD-ATG) on bGH expression, oligonucleotides containing random SD sequences and a spacer region were chemically synthesized. The distance between SD region and initiation codon (ATG) was fixed to 9 nucleotides in length. The expression vectors have been constructed using pT7-1 vector containing a T7 promoter. Positive clones were screened with colony hybridization and named pT7A or pT7B plasmid series. The selected clones were confirmed by DNA sequencing and finally, 19 clones having various SD combinations were obtained. When bovine growth hormone was induced by IPTG in E. coli BL21(DE3), all cells harboring these plasmids produced a detectable level of bGH in western blot analysis. However, various SD sequences did not affect on bGH expression, indicating that the sequences of SD and the spacer region did not sufficiently destabilize mRNA secondary structure of bGH gene. Therefore, these results indicate that the disruption of mRNA secondary structure might be a major factor for regulating bGH expression in the translational initiation process.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.38-46
• /
• 2008

Purpose: Growth failure is a common problem in chronic renal failure(CRF). We studied the effect of growth hormone(GH) treatment and the factors influencing growth on chronic peritoneal dialysis patients. Methods: Seventeen patients who were treated with peritoneal dialysis and GH for more than one year were enrolled. Factors influencing growth such as age, height at start of GH treatment, total Kt/Vurea, residual renal Kt/Vurea, hemoglobin, albumin, BUN, creatinine, total $CO_2$, calcium, phosphate and iPTH during GH treatment were compared between the growth group (increase in height-standard deviation score(Ht-SDS) after one year of GH treatment, n=l1) and poor growth group(no increase in Ht-SDS after one year of GH treatment, n=6). Results: The mean age at the start of dialysis was 7.7${\pm}$5.2 years and the mean age at the start of GH treatment was 8.5${\pm}$4.8 years. In the growth group, Ht-SDS at start of GH treatment was smaller(-1.72${\pm}$1.00 vs. -0.77${\pm}$0.88, P=0.048) and residual renal Kt/Vurea was better (1.54${\pm}$0.51 vs. 0.15${\pm}$0.26, P=0.02) than the poor growth group. After three years of GH treatment, Ht-SDS of the growth group was better than the poor growth group. Conclusion: GH treatment in children with peritoneal dialysis was more effective on patients who had more severe growth retardation. The reservation of residual renal function was important for improvement of effect of GH treatment. And the growth response during the first year of GH treatment may be predicted as the indicator for long-term response.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.45 no.5
• /
• pp.271-274
• /
• 2009

Objective: We retrospectively analyzed the surgical outcomes of 42 patients with growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenoma to evaluate the clinical manifestations and to determine which preoperative factors that significantly influence the remission. Methods: Forty-two patients with GH-secreting pituitary adenoma underwent transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) between 1995 and 2007. The patient group included 23 women and 19 men, with a mean age of 40.2 (range 13-61) years, and a mean follow-up duration of 49.4 (range 3-178) months after the operation. For comparable radiological criteria, we classified parasellar growth into five grades according to the Knosp classification. We analyzed the surgical results of the patients according to the most recent stringent criteria for cure. Results: The overall rate of endocrinological remission in the group of 42 patients after primary TSS was 64% (26 of 42). The remission rate was 67% (8 of 12) for microadenoma and 60% (18 of 30) for macroadenoma. The remission rate was 30%(3 of 10) for the group with cavernous sinus invasion and 72% (23 of 32) for the group with intact cavernous sinus. Cavernous sinus invasion in Knosp grade III and IV was significantly correlated with the remission rate. There was a significant relationship between preoperative mean GH concentration and early postoperative outcome, with most patients in remission having a lower preoperative GH concentration. Conclusion: TSS is thought to be an effective primary treatment for GH-secreting pituitary adenomas according to the most recent criteria of cure. Because the remission rate in cases with cavernous sinus invasion is very low, early detection of the tumor before it extends into the cavernous sinus and a long-term endocrinological and radiological follow-up are necessary in order to improve the remission rate of acromegaly.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.225-231
• /
• 2011

Prolactin (PRL) plays an important role in freshwater (FW) osmoregulation by preventing the loss of ions and the uptake of water in fish. Growth hormone (GH) promotes acclimation to seawater (SW) in several teleosts. We acclimated rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss weighting $68.2{\pm}16.6$, $138.3{\pm}24$, and $287.5{\pm}42.1$ g in separate experiments to SW under slow-acclimation (SSW) or acute-acclimation (ASW) conditions, and then examined the PRL and GH mRNA levels using the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The PRL mRNA levels in all three experimental groups decreased significantly with both the SSW and ASW treatments, as compared to a control group kept in FW for 30 days. The GH mRNA levels increased with ASW in the largest fish, whereas the levels in the other groups did not change significantly. The mortality rate of the largest fish was lower than for the other groups, whereas the growth rate among the three experimental groups did not differ significantly. The growth rate of the ASW group was highest for the smallest fish. These results suggest that SW acclimation is associated with the gene expression levels of PRL and GH in relatively large rainbow trout. In addition, the fish mortality and growth rate on FW-SW transfer seem to be related to body weight, and the SW acclimation method may be applied to the hatcheries industry.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.579-585
• /
• 2007

Formation of inclusion bodies is usually observed when foreign proteins are overexpressed in E. coli. The formation of inclusion bodies might be prevented by lowering the rate of protein synthesis, and appropriate regulation of the protein expression rate may lead to the soluble expression. In this study, human growth hormone (rhGH) was expressed in a soluble form by slowing down the protein synthesis rate, which was controlled in the transcriptional and translational levels. The transcriptional level was controlled by the regulation of the amount of RNA polymerase specific to the promoter in front of the rhGH gene. For lowering the rate of translation, the T7 transcription terminator-deleted vector was used to synthesize the longer mRNA of the target gene because the longer mRNA is expected to reduce the availability of tree ribosomes. In both methods, the percentage of soluble expression increased when the expression rate slowed down, and more than 93% of rhGH expressed was a soluble form in the T7 transcription terminator-deleted expression system.