• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.115-122
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• 2019

The companion animal related businesses are rapidly growing as the pet population increases in Korea. In this study, we analyzed the market trends of companion animal food and products to offer basic information that can be used in related policies and industries. The data were collected using Nielsen Korea's wholesale/retail distribution channels. As a result, in the case of companion dog food, PB products of domestic companies showed the highest market share with 24.6%, and the ratio of domestic companies(54.8%) was higher than that of import companies(45.2%). Domestic PB products also had the highest market share(16.5%) in companion cat food, however, the ratio of import companies(71.6%) was higher than that of domestic companies(28.4%). In the case of the market share of the companion animal products(toys, oral and bath supplies), Nosework mats from domestic companies were top ranked in the toy category(28.0%). Oral products(62.5%) and bath products(59.5%) from domestic companies were also having a higher market share than import companies. Our research may help domestic companion animal product companies to steadily increase market share and the amount of their export.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.19-31
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• 2019

There have been a growing number of studies that show huge discrepancies between individuals' perceptions of relative economic position and the economic position based on the reported income in the survey. If this is the case, it is expected that the impact of perceived income status on individual happiness can be different from that of objective income status based on the reported income. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the discrepancies between perception and reality with respect to relative income status, focusing on the 'Reference group theory'. This study also tries to extend existing knowledge of the relative status on the happiness level of individuals, by examining how individual's happiness can be changed by providing the accurate information about their objective income level. There are systematic biases in perceived income status. A majority of people who actually rank in the lower part of income ladder place themselves in higher positions, while a significant portion of rich individuals underestimate their actual income status. Secondly, the misperception about the income distribution is affected by a variety of individual, household characteristics and reference group income. Thirdly, providing individuals with accurate information has a considerable effect on their happiness level.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.82-91
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• 2018

Objectives: Synchronous electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used to explore sleep stage dependent functional brain networks. Despite a growing number of sleep studies using EEG-fMRI, few studies have conducted network analysis on whole night sleep due to difficulty in data acquisition, artifacts, and sleep management within the MRI scanner. Methods: In order to perform network analysis for whole night sleep, we proposed experimental procedures and data processing techniques for EEG-fMRI. We acquired 6-7 hours of EEG-fMRI data per participant and conducted signal processing to reduce artifacts in both EEG and fMRI. We then generated a functional brain atlas with 68 brain regions using independent component analysis of sleep fMRI data. Using this functional atlas, we constructed sleep level dependent functional brain networks. Results: When we evaluated functional connectivity distribution, sleep showed significantly reduced functional connectivity for the whole brain compared to that during wakefulness. REM sleep showed statistically different connectivity patterns compared to non-REM sleep in sleep-related subcortical brain circuits. Conclusion: This study suggests the feasibility of exploring functional brain networks using sleep EEG-fMRI for whole night sleep via appropriate experimental procedures and signal processing techniques for fMRI and EEG.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.31-39
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• 2019

This research examined the changes that fast-growing voice-based devices would bring in the media multitasking environment. Based on the theoretical background that information processing efficiency improves when performing multiple tasks requiring different resource structures at the same time, we conducted an experiment where participants searched for information with voice-based or screen-based devices while performing an additional visual task. Results showed that both task performance environment and interface modality had significant main effects on cognitive load. The overall cognitive load level was higher in the voice interface group, but the difference in cognitive load between the two groups decreased in a multitasking environment where the additional visual resources was required. The visual task performance was significantly higher when using the voice interface than the screen interface. Our findings suggest that voice interfaces offered advantages in the cognitive load and task performance by distributing two tasks to the auditory and visual channels. The results of this study imply that voice-based devices have the potential to facilitate efficient information processing in the screen-centric environment where visual resources collide. We provided theoretical evidence of resource distribution using multiple resource theory and tried to identify the advantages of the voice interface more specifically based on the threaded cognition model.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.492-497
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• 2020

Today, banks around the world are making great efforts to adapt to the rapidly changing internal and external environment changes caused by the development of IT technology and to gain a competitive advantage in the market. In particular, in line with the rapid growth of smartphone usage, financial services are also provided in a variety of ways using Fintech, and one of the fastest growing areas is mobile simple payment. Mobile payment service is a financial service that pays the purchase price using a portable mobile device. As fintech, a convergence of financial services and information technology, it is recently used not only in financial services, but also in various industries. It is used in all fields where payment functions such as distribution are available. In the case of mobile cards, it shows that the usage rate of people in their 20s and 30s is increasing very much, so it can be said that the use of mobile payment services will continue to increase in the coming future. We know that simple payments are being used. However, it can be said that the research on the use of mobile payment services by these teenagers is somewhat incomplete. Therefore, this study investigated what factors are important for Korean teenagers to use mobile payment services. As a result, among the five hypotheses presented in this study, all hypotheses were adopted except for , which states that cash usage habits have no effect on innovation.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2022

Patterns of occurrence of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) with whitefly on summer-cultivated tomato in Gwangju-si, Gyeonggi Province were surveyed using multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in 2020. In addition, distribution of the whiteflies species and their viral transmission rates were investigated throughout the tomato growing season. The infection rates of TYLCV and ToCV increased sharply during harvest, and the single infection rates were 30.9% and 5.0%, respectively, with a mixed infection rate of the two viruses being the highest at 52.2%. Single infection with TYLCV and double infections with TYLCV and ToCV accounted for the majority with 83.1%. Bemisia tabaci were dominant over Trialeurodes vaporariorum in greenhouse grown plants, and all of the investigated B. tabaci biotypes were identified as Mediterranean (MED, formerly known as Q biotype). The transmission rate of TYLCV, detected in every sampled B. tabaci MED population, was 21.4%, and the mixed transmission rate with ToCV was 35.5%. Viruliferous MED whiteflies with ToCV showed a higher rate than that of T. vaporariorum. In the transplant stage, viruliferous rate of both TYLCV and ToCV of B. tabaci was 42.7%; this rate was highest in the harvest stage. In examination of tomato yield, the increase in the mixed infection rate of TYLCV and ToCV led to complete yield loss. When the mixed infection rate increased by 10%, the yield decreased by 405.4 kg/10a.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.409-422
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• 2022

Riverine wetlands are an important element of the river ecosystem and account for approximately 38% of the inland wetlands surveyed so far. The Shincheon Wetland located in Mangyeong River is also a channel wetland as the flow rate is slowed by the constructed weirs, leading to sediment accumulation. To identify the conservation value and ecological characteristics of Shincheon Wetland, its vegetation and plant diversity were identified using a phytosociological method, and a total of 45 vegetation-related datasets were collected. Overall, 24 plant communities, comprising a total of 153 taxa (49 families, 117 genera, 146 species, 2 subspecies, 5 varieties) were identified. The plant with the highest appearance rate in the communities was Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc. In addition, annual herb species, including Rumex crispus L., Bromusjaponicus Thunb., Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers., and Artemisia indica Willd. were frequently observed to be growing in the secondary grassland. Naturalized plants were surveyed in the 38 taxa; the urbanization index was 10.3% and the naturalized index was 24.8%. Plant communities were largely classified into submerged vegetation, floating and floating-leaved vegetation, annual and biennial vegetation, perennial herb vegetation, and woody vegetation. The distribution of plant communities reflecting various habitats, including the lentic and lotic zone maintaining a constant water depth, littoral zone experiencing intermittent water level fluctuations, and dry floodplain environment was also confirmed. Overall, plant community development plays an important role in the habitat for wild animals; therefore, it is expected to positively impact biodiversity enhancement.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.208-217
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• 2022

Mushrooms in Naejangsan National Park between May and September of 2021 have been surveyed. In this period, a total of 4 divisions, 9 classes, 25 orders, 72 families, 171 genera, and 381 species, including 3 climate-sensitive biological indicator species were found. The order in which the most diverse array of species was observed is Agaricales, which includes 24 families, 64 genera, and 170 species. Among these, the genus Russula was dominant, with 30 species, followed by the genus Amanita with 27 species. Among the 12 grids we investigated, species diversity was greatest in grid F5, in which 56 species of mushrooms were found. In particular, a large number of ectomycorrhizal mushrooms, including Russula spp. and Lactarius spp. were recognized. We presume that the gentle slopes and the low occurrence of Sasa borealis in this area may create a favorable environment for wild mushrooms. In corroboration, some grids (e.g. F6, F8, and F10) covering steep slopes and harboring large numbers of Sasa borealis contained only 19 species. Based on DNA sequence analysis, the NJ21064 was identified as Chlorophyllum hortense, which is newly recorded in Korea.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.78-87
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim was to collect and classify the Cordyceps parasitized in cicadas from July to October every year from 1990 to 2016 in Korea. And they were frequently collected in Nepal, Vietnam, Japan, China, and Thailand. Methods: Cordyceps parasitizing cicadas collected in mountains and fields. Results: A total of 1,104 specimens were collected that belonged to 10 different species under nine genera. The highest number of samples belonged to Ophiocordyceps (563 specimens), followed by Isaria (361 specimens), Polycephalomyces (73 specimens), Cordyceps (70 specimens), Beauveria (25 specimens), Perennicordyceps (8 specimens), Metarhizium (2 specimens) and Purpureocillium (2 ones). Among Ophiocordyceps spp. O. longissima was most frequently collected with a total of 426 samples out of 563, followed by O. heteropoda with 120 ones and O. sobolifera with 17 specimens. The species mainly collected in Korea, but C. ishikariensis was collected in Nepal only. The new characteristic was that Isaria cicada-like synnemata were found growing together with C. ishikariensis stromata on the same host. In Korea, the collected 691 specimens in total out of 1,104 were found in Mt. Halla in Jeju Island. Other mountains in Korea where the samples were collected were Mountains Daeryong, Jiri, Yongmoon, Samag, Seolag, Gujeol, Duryun, Baegam, Chilgap, Chundeung, Naejang, Welchul, and Daeryong. The three samples were not identified. Conclusions: A total of 1,104 specimens belonged to 10 different species under nine genera, and the collected 691 samples were found in Mt. Halla in Jeju Island.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.407-414
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• 1998

The rare and endangered plants in Naesorak area were investigated for four months during May to August in 1997, and the results were summarized as 35 taxa which is classified as 19 families, 32 species, and 3 varieties. At the level of families, 19 families such as Pinaceae(1 species), Taxaceae(1 species), Cupressaceae(1 species and 1 variety), Liliaceae(5 species and 1 variety), Aristolochiaceae(2 species), Ranunculaceae(4 species), Berberidaceae(1 species), Saxifragaceae(2 species), Rosaceae(1 species), Oleaceae(2 species and 1 variety), Solanaceae(1 species), Scrophulariaceae(1 species), Valerianaceae(1 species), Campanulaceae(1species), and Compositae(1 species) were recorded. The most of the habitats of the species was easily found along the major mountain trails, and a kind of destructions of these plants by human interferences is due to the fact that the illegal collections for food and medicine are occurred. Those species of Taxus caespitosa, Rhododendron aureum, Vaccinium bracteatum, Allium victoralis var. platyphullum and Leontice microryncha has a few individuals in habitats and also shows the unfavorable growing state, so the intensive and continuous habitat management of the habitats were inevitably dimanded.