• 대한영양사협회학술지
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.407-416
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the comparison of growth development, bone mineral density and nutrient intakes between double income families' preschool children(DIFPC) and full-time housewives' preschool children(FHPC). Subjects were 111 preschool children. Anthropometric characteristics and bone mineral density in right forearm were measured. The questionnaire was composed of health status, life style, dietary behaviors, and dietary intakes and was completed by the children's mothers. The average age of the DIFPC(n=60) was 53.02 months and that of the FHPC(n=51) was 54.80 months. The birth height and weight of the subjects were 50.47㎝ and 3.27㎏ for DIFPC and 50.85㎝ and 3.36㎏ for FHPC, respectively. The average height, weight, % body fat, and obesity index were 108.50㎝, 18.35㎏, 15.35%, 96.71% in DIFPC and 111.46㎝, 19.64㎏, 16.80%, 97.31% in FHPC, respectively. The bone mineral density in forearm of two groups were 0.24g/㎠ in all. The infant feeding method was significantly different between DIFPC and FHPC; 58.9% of DIFPC was fed formula, while 44.4% of FHPC was fed breast milk(p<0.05). Proportions of children for their regular meal were 59.4%, 89.6%, and 61.0% for breakfast, lunch, and dinner, respectively. The major reasons for irregular meal were lack of time and poor appetite for breakfast and snacks for lunch and dinner. Most of the children answered they have snack over once a day, and 60.0% have unbalanced diet. The intakes of energy, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin B1, niacin, and vitamin C did not meet the Korean RDAs. The intakes of K and vitamin A for DIFPC were significantly higher than those of FHPC(p<0.05, p<0.05). In conclusion, double income families' preschool children more have a low frequency of breast feeding and low intakes of micro nutrients, such as K and vitamin A than full-time housewives' ones.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.87-99
• /
• 2000

A study was conducted in order to determine back pain experience status of elementary. junior and senior high school teachers and the factors affecting their knowledge of back pain and physical therapy from April 2 through June 30, 1999 in major big cities and small and medium towns. Questionnaires were sent to 924 teachers and the collected daa were analyzed. The results summarized are as follows ; 1. $46.3\%$ of the respondents had experienced back pain, and $47.0\%$ of females, $62.0\%$ of the people over 50years old, $57.4\%$ of junior high school teachers, $47.5%$ of teachers of art and physical education, $46.9\%$ of married persons, $47.8\%$ of the people living in medium or small towns, and $58.6\%$ of the persons whose economic status was low han experienced back pains, $58.9\%$ of respondents who were not healthy, and $49.3\%$ of those who did not drink alcohol, $47.9\%$ of nonsmokers, and $49.1\%$ of those who slept on ondol had experienced back pains. $76.7\%$ of the respondents got health information on back pains from health professionals. 2. An average level of the respondents en physical therapy was $14.95\pm8.32$ points out of 44 and it was 34 points when converted to 100. The knowledge levels of males,. elementary teachers, married persons, those teaching students far more than 20 hours a week, smokers, those who did not drink, those who exercised regularly, and those who had experienced back pains were higher than those in other groups. The knowledge level of those who had experienced back pain prevention education was $18.88\pm8.88$ points and the difference between those with experience and those without experience was statistically significant. The depression level of those who got 40 pome on back pains, and physical therapy was higher than other group(p<0.001). 3, Depression levels of teachers on back pains and physical therapy related knowledge was higher in those with back pains than those without back pains(p<0.01). 4. The factors affecting experience of back pains were back pain related age, economic status, health status, smoking, style of kitchen, sown of information on back pain, and back pain prevention education. (p<0.001), 5. The factors affecting the knowledge on physical therapy were general knowledge levels on back pains, position when tilling, and moving heavy stuffs, driving position, sources of information on back pain prevention, type of bed, age, and health status, and the explanation power of those factors was $45.2\%$.

• 영재교육연구
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 소외계층 영재의 인지적 특성과 학습요구 탐색을 목적으로 한다. 일반영재 99명, 소외영재 43명, 일반학생 50명에게 지능, 창의성, 상위인지, 인식론적 신념, 과제 선호도, 개인시간 활용에 대한 검사를 실시하였다. 소외영재는 지능 검사에서 다른 집단보다 점수 향상이 빠르게 나타나 추상화 능력이 뛰어남을 알 수 있었다. 소외영재는 토랜스 창의성 도형 검사에서 일반영재만큼 높은 점수를 보였으나, 언어 검사에서는 일반영재보다 낮은 점수를 보였다. 소외영재는 노력, 학습 능력, 전체 학습계획, 통합적 지식이 학습에서 중요한 것으로 인식하였지만, 일반영재에 비해 학습관리와 책략 같은 상위인지 기술과 합리적인 작업의 가치에 대한 인식론적 신념이 낮고 학습시간도 적었다. 독창적인 과제는 선호하나 어려운 것을 기피하는 소외영재의 성향을 고려하여 다양하게 접근하는 과제를 활용하거나 과제를 단계적으로 제시할 필요가 있으며, 언어능력 신장, 학습내용의 실제 생활에의 적용, 상위인지 기술 개발 등이 소외계층 영재를 위한 지도 방안으로 제안된다.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제12권5호
• /
• pp.403-413
• /
• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 예비유아교사의 영화기반 창의 인성 증진 교육콘텐츠 개발을 위한 기초 연구로, 창의 인성 증진에 적합한 교육용 영화를 선정하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 영화전문가와 교육전문가는 자아정체감, 창의성, 인성 구성요소에 따라 영화를 분류하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 예비유아교사의 자아 정체감 하위요소와 창의적 교육요소 및 인성 교육요소에 따라 분류된 영화는 직업 8편, 종교 7편, 정치 6편, 철학적 생활양식 7편, 우정 8편, 이성교제 8편, 성역할 7편, 여가활동 8편 등 총 59편으로 나타났다. 둘째, 예비유아교사의 창의 인성 증진을 위한 교육용 영화를 선정을 위해 사용된 델파이 기법에 의한 영화전문가와 교육전문가들의 적합성 검증은 본 연구결과의 타당도를 높이는데 효과가 있었다.

• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.670-686
• /
• 2010

This study aims at clarifying the action types of skin management which is base on age, marriage or not, family composition, school career, and income which are demographic variables centering around the lifestyle of middleaged and old age women. As for study method, this researcher executed literature study and questionnaire on adult women over 45 years old who dwell in Seoul and Kyounggi area. Survey period was Mar. 1, 2009 to Jun. 30. And, after distributing 1,000 copies of questionnaire, this researcher used effective 869 copies of questionnaire for analysis out of collected questionnaire, 895 copies. As for analysis method, this researcher executed DUNCAN test with factor analysis, reliability analysis, manin component analysis, K-average, multitude analysis, dispersion analysis and post verification by using SPSS 12.0 program. As for demographic feature for middle aged and old age women, 50~59 years old women were most by age as 302 persons(33.7%). It is emerging that spouse existence is very high as 674 persons(75.3%) in the answer for marriage or not, couple family to live with unmarried children is very high as 483 persons(54.0%) in the answer for family composition, leaving high school in mid-course or gradation of high school are very high as 356 persons(39.8%) in the answer for school career, income from 3 million Won under 4 million won is very high as 260 persons(29.1%) in the answer for monthly income of family members, and women to use under 50 thousand won is very high as 510 persons(57.0%) in the monthly average expense to be used for skin management. In this study, this researcher extracted total 5 factors (economic saving, displaying consumption, confidence inclination, centering around family, and leisure application) by executing factor analysis with 12 question items of lifestyle so as to grasp factor structure of lifestyle of middleaged and old age people, and whole explanatory variable quantity was 70.9%. This researcher named as economic saving type, diplaying consumption style, and type centering around leisure and family, after making multitude analysis about 5 factors analyzed by measuring lifestyle feature. As the result of structure analysis of question items of skin management(pursuit of skin management, life of skin management, and inclination of skin management), this researcher extracted total 3 factors, and whole explanatory variable quantity was 71.30%. Thus, it emerged that there is significant difference among groups.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.97-102
• /
• 2020

VR Art는 기술의 진보로 인하여 표현에 대한 제약이 없어졌다고 하지만 한계점이 존재한다는 것은 분명한 사실이다. VR 아티스트들의 작업 형태를 분류해 보면 크게 두 가지로 나누어 볼 수 있는데, 첫 번째는 공연과 같은 작업을 하는 퍼포먼스형 작가군이 있다. 이 경우는 작가가 VR 기기를 쓰고 작업을 하기 때문에 관객들의 반응을 알 수 없고, 관객들은 VR 기기를 쓰지 않고 스크린으로만 작품을 감상하기 때문에 작품을 온전하게 체험할 수 없다는 한계가 존재한다. 모든 관객들에게 VR 기기를 착용하게 하면 해결되는 문제지만 천문학적인 비용이 들고 기기의 관리에 대한 또 다른 문제가 발생한다. 이는 기술의 발달로 VR 기기의 가격이 내려간다면 해결 할 수 있을 것이다. 두 번째로는 자신의 작품을 상시적으로 온라인상에 올려 전시하는 전시형 작가군이 있다. 이 경우는 VR을 활용한 예술 작품은 가상의 디지털 공간에만 남아 있는 것이 한계로 지적된다. 해결 방안은 기존의 예술 전시회처럼 전시장에 공간을 만들고 관람자들을 위한 VR 기기를 마련해 놓으면 가능하다. 기존의 예술 작품 관람을 위한 갤러리가 있는 것처럼 VR 예술 작품의 전시 및 관람을 위한 전시 공간이 만들어진다면 VR Art의 정착과 발전에 큰 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• 응용통계연구
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.267-280
• /
• 2013

최근 한국 사회에서 경제적, 정치적, 사회적 이슈가 되고 있는 대학 등록금의 경제적 부담에 영향을 미치는 요인들에 대한 분석을 위하여 통계청에서 실시한 '2010년도 사회조사'에서 수집된 자료를 기반으로 지역을 계층으로 하는 베이지안 계층모형을 이용한 분석을 수행하였다. 등록금의 70% 이상을 부모님이 지원하는가에 대한 이항 반응변수에 대하여 계층적 프로빗 모형을 설정한 후 설명변수들에 대한 요인분석을 실시하여 설명변수를 압축하고 마코브체인 몬테칼로 기법을 적용하여 모수를 추정하였다. 자료의 분석 결과, 많은 지역에서 소득과 정신적 스트레스 요인이 부모님의 등록금에 대한 경제적 지원과 유의한 관련이 있음을 보여주었다. 소득이 높은 부모일수록 자녀의 대학 등록금을 지원하며 부모로부터 경제적 지원을 받는 학생일수록 정신적 스트레스를 덜 받는 것으로 나타나 부모의 소득이 자녀의 정신건강에 유의한 영향을 미침을 보여 주었다. 반면에, 성별, 생활건강, 학교 만족도는 대부분의 지역에서 부모님의 등록금 지원과 유의한 관련이 없었다. 스트레스 또는 소득과 부모님의 지원에 대한 지역별 차이를 보면, 강원도 지역 학생들이 부모님의 지원이 낮을 경우 가장 정신적 스트레스를 많이 받는 것으로 나타났으며 소득이 많을수록 부모님의 지원 가능성이 높아지는 경향은 지방 행정도에 비하여 대도시에서 더 뚜렷하게 나타남을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.477-480
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 한국의 대전과 충남 지역에 있는 개 100마리에서 실내견 (25마리)과 실외견 (75마리)을 구분하여 지알디아증의 유병률을 조사하였다. 모든 샘플은 Giardia SNAP 키트($SNAP^{(R)}$ test, IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, ME)를 이용하여 감염여부를 조사하였다. 지알디아증은 실외견(11/75, 14.66%)이 실내견(1/25, 4.00%) 보다 유의성 있는 높은 유병률은 나타내었다. 또한 자견(< 2yr: 10/51, 19.60%)이 성견(> 2yr: 2/49, 4.08%) 보다 유의성 있는 높은 유병률은 나타내었다. 임상증상을 나타내는 개는 증상이 없는 개보다 높은 유병률을 나타내었으나 (증상: 4/22, 18.18%, 무증상: 9/78, 11.54%) 통계학적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 실외견 중 분리되어 단독으로 기르는 개(2/50, 4.00%)보다 합사하여 여러 마리가 같이 생활하는 개(9/25, 36.00%)에서 높은 유병률을 나타내었다. 세계 여러 나라의 다양한 지역에서 지알디아증 유병률에 대한 조사는 많이 진행되었으나, 사육 패턴에 따른 유병률을 평가한 적은 없기에 본 연구의 의의가 있다.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
• /
• 제22권
• /
• pp.361-396
• /
• 1992

The purpose of this study is to verify the correlations between the amount of the online searcher's search experience and their search effect. In order to achieve this purpose, the 28 online searchers working at the chosen libraries and information centers have participated in the study as subjects. The subjects have been classified into the two types of cognitive style by Group Embedded Figure Test. As the result of the GEFT, two groups have been identified: the 15 Field Independance ( FI ) searchers and the 13 Field Dependance ( FD ) searchers. The subject's search experience consists of the 3 elements: disciplinary, training, and working experience. In order to get the data of these empirical elements, a questionnaire have been sent to the 28 subjects. An online searching request form prepared by a practical user was sent to all subjects, who conducted searches of the oversea databases through Dialog to retrieve what was requested. The resultant outcomes were collected and sent back to the user to evaluate relevance and pertinence of the search effect by the individual. In this study, the search effect has been divide into relevance and pertinence. The relevance has been then subdivided into the 3 elements : the number of the relevant documents, recall ratio, and the cost per a relevant document. The relevance has been subdivided into the 3 elements: the number of the pertinent documents, utility ratio, and the cost per a pertinent document. The correlations between the 3 elements of the subject's experience and the 6 elements of the search effect has been analysed in the FI and in the FD searchers separately. At the standard of the 0.01 significance level, findings and conclusions made in the study are summarised as follows : 1. There are strong correlations between the amount of training and the recall ratio, the number of the pertinent documents, and the utility ratio on the part of FI searchers. 2. There are strong correlations between the amount of working experience and the number of the relevant documents, the recall ratio on the part of FD searchers. However, there is also a significant converse correlation between the amount of working experience and the search cost per a pertinent document on the part of FD searchers. 3. The amount of working experience has stronger correlations with the number of the pertinent documents and the utility ratio on the part of FD searchers than the amount of training. 4. There is a strong correlation between the amount of training and the pertinence on both part of FI and FD searchers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제38권6호
• /
• pp.445-454
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the validity of obese index among body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), and waist circumference (WC) and to determine which is the best in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in Korean elderly more than 65 ages. Data from the 1998 Korean Health and Nutrition Survey were used (n=1017). Anthropometric indices and CVD risk factors were measured, and chi-square test, analysis of variance following duncan's multiple range test, partial correlation analysis, and Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves were used in the analysis. Anthropometric values were decreased in both male and female when ages were goes up. In female elderly, it specially showed the characteristics of upper body fat and systolic blood pressure risk (p<0.05). Among life style factors the current smokers were prevalent in obese male (p<0.05), but not prevalent in female having obese or upper body fat. Also, person with upper body obesity have more exercise than that of normal group (p<0.01). Mean BMI values of the current smoker was lower than that of normal group in both sexes (p<0.01). Mean BMI value of person with other risk factors were higher than that of normal groups (p<0.05). Among 7 CVD risk factors in partial correlation analysis, WC had the highest correlation coefficient in 5 in male, whereas BMI in 4 in female. In ROC analyses of 12 risk factors and health conditions, the largest area under curve of obese indices for risk factors were WC>WHR>BMI in male and BMI>WHR>WC in female. The optimal cutoff values of each index (BMI : WHR : WC) for one or more risk factors were 19.02 : 0.84 : 71.3 in male and 19.04 : 0.88 : 85.6 in female. In conclusion, Most Korean elderly showed non-obese and abdominal obesity likewise other Asians. Also CVD risk factors were prevalent in Korean elderly within normal limits of obese indices. Therefore the upper body fat indices reflected in the aged whose muscle mass is replaced by fat must be used as an indicator of CVD risk together with BMI. Although WHR was the worst index based on partial correlation analysis and so located between BMI and WC in ROC curve analysis in both sexes, it need to be use with WC to screen the cardiovascular risk group.