• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.74-82
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to reflect on the results of the assessment and analysis of landscape planning projects according to planning phases in a landscape planning system based on landscape law. An assessment of the importance and performance of landscape planning elements by planning phases was studied by statistically descriptive analysis, variation analysis, statistical t-test and importance-performance analysis. As a result of the evaluation, the performance of existing landscape planning projects is 3.813 and the importance of planning elements is 5.648. This means that in spite of the importance of landscape planning elements, the performance of existing landscape planning projects is not sufficient to cover the importance of landscape planning elements. In addition, 'site landscape survey' and 'landscape design guideline' sections are not sufficient when they are compared to 'landscape concept plan' and 'landscape basic plan' to complete the landscape planning projects required by landscape law. It means also that the landscape survey and landscape design guidelines should be complementarily practiced in order to increase the effectiveness of landscape planning projects. As the research is practiced by survey methods on landscape planning projects which are only new development sites, the results cannot represent all types of landscape planning projects. Nevertheless, the results can be applied to new landscape planning at new development sites or old cities to increase effectiveness.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.34-43
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• 2017

Background: We sought to determine the association between chronic pain and participating in routine health screening in a low socioeconomic-status (SES) rental-flat community in Singapore. In Singapore, ${\geq}85%$ own homes; public rental flats are reserved for those with low-income. Methods: Chronic pain was defined as pain ${\geq}3$ months. From 2009-2014, residents aged 40-60 years in five public rental-flat enclaves were surveyed for chronic pain; participation in health screening was also measured. We compared them to residents staying in adjacent owner-occupied public housing. We also conducted a qualitative study to better understand the relationship between chronic pain and health screening participation amongst residents in these low-SES enclaves. Results: In the rental-flat population, chronic pain was associated with higher participation in screening for diabetes (aOR = 2.11, CI = 1.36-3.27, P < 0.001), dyslipidemia (aOR = 2.06, CI = 1.25-3.39, P = 0.005), colorectal cancer (aOR = 2.28, CI = 1.18-4.40, P = 0.014), cervical cancer (aOR = 2.65, CI = 1.34-5.23, P = 0.005) and breast cancer (aOR = 3.52, CI = 1.94-6.41, P < 0.001); this association was not present in the owner-occupied population. Three main themes emerged from our qualitative analysis of the link between chronic pain and screening participation: pain as an association of "major illness"; screening as a search for answers to pain; and labelling pain as an end in itself. Conclusions: Chronic pain was associated with higher cardiovascular and cancer screening participation in the low-SES population. In low-SES populations with limited access to pain management services, chronic pain issues may surface during routine health screening.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.391-400
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• 2005

Objective : This study examined the socioeconomic differentials for the health and health related behaviors among South Korean middle school students. Methods : A nationwide cross-sectional interview survey of 3,449 middle school second-grade students and their parents was conducted using a stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method. The response rate was 93.3%. The socioeconomic position indicators were based on self-reported information from the students and their parents: parental education, father's occupational class, monthly family income, out-of-pocket expenditure for education, housing ownership, educational expectations, educational performance and the perceived economic hardships. The outcome variables that were measured were also based on the self-reported information from the students. The health measures included self-rated health conditions, psychological or mental problems, the feelings of loneliness at school, the overall satisfaction of life and the perceived level of stress. The health related behaviors included were smoking, alcohol drinking, sexual intercourse, violence, bullying and verbal and physical abuse by parents. Results : Socioeconomic differences for the health and health related behaviors were found among the eighth grade boys and girls of South Korea. However, the pattern varied with gender, the socioeconomic position indicators and the outcome measures. The prevalence rates of the overall dissatisfaction with life for both genders differed according to most of the eight socioeconomic position indicators. All the health measures were significantly different according to the perceived economic hardship. However, the socioeconomic differences in the self-rated health conditions and the psychosocial or mental problems were not clear. The students having higher socioeconomic position tended to be a perpetrator of bullying while those students with lower socioeconomic position were more likely to be a victim. Conclusions : The perceived economic hardships predicted the health status among the eighth graders of South Korea. The overall satisfaction of life was associated with the socioeconomic position indicators. Further research efforts are needed to explore the mechanisms on how and why the socioeconomic position affects the health and health related behaviors in this age group.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.4763-4768
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• 2014

Recently, aluminum pipes have been used instead of steel pipes for open and shut machines in vinyl housing because of its corrosion-resistance and light weight. In particular, the light weight is very useful for fitting and removal by human resources. On the other hand, an aluminum pipe is weak in winter because aluminum has a larger thermal expansion coefficient than steel. This study examined the freezing and bursting of aluminum pipes by numerical analysis. The mechanical-thermal deformation characteristics were analyzed under the condition of ice volumetric expansion in aluminum pipes reaching 50%. From numerical analysis, large stresses above the yield stress occurred in aluminum pipe after ice expanded in the net diameter immediately. In addition, the freezing and bursting of aluminum pipes was predicted around an ice volumetric expansion of 6 - 7% because the thickness of the aluminum pipe reached an aluminum elongation ratio of 17%. Therefore, it is recommended that aluminum pipes be sealed perfectly to prevent water flow in the pipe. These results suggest that it is very difficult to prevent freezing and bursting of aluminum pipes by water freezing in the pipe.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.112-121
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• 2018

In the present study, a group of subjects consisting of "Fire Professional Engineers" was selected to examine the effects of life safety awareness and safety behaviors of the subjects on life safety through an analyses of the descriptive statistics, factors, reliability, and correlation; simple regression and three-stage regression analyses on mediation were also carried out based on the hypotheses developed. The results showed that the degree of safety behavior increased by 72.1% in accordance with the increased safety awareness of fire professional engineers; the life safety was also increased by 61.5% and 64.5% by the increases in safety awareness and safety behavior of fire professional engineers, respectively. In addition, the safety behaviors demonstrated a partial mediatory effect in the relationship between safety awareness and life safety. All hypotheses (H1, H2, H3, H4), established for the present study, were accepted based on statistical verifications that justified an amendment of the Acts pertinent to firefighting service focusing on life safety; the data are expected to be exploited to reflect significance of life safety.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.50-59
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• 2015

This study aimed at suggesting Willingness To Pay (WTP) for introduction of the Traffic Accident emergency Call (TAC) system by using Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) which is a general valuation method. As the method, this study suggested a WTP estimation method of the TAC system with the double-bound dichotomous choice model. In previous studies, the data are processed differently according to the type of questions and analysis models used for the calculation of willingness to pay. Therefore, we re-organized the model by the cases using the truncated data sets, and showed the difference in WTPs. The dataset was developed by more than 500 questionnaire obtained from online and offline survey with the consideration of composition ratio by age group referring housing census in 2010 to mitigate regional bias of samples. At last, this study applied various statistical methods, survival analysis, multiple regression, and Tobit model for better interpretation of the questionnaires.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.89-109
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• 2006

The 'Joongsancheung(JSC)', a unique term for the middle class in Korea, is defined as a stratum sharing common lifestyles and a certain level of life chances. It involves non-economic factors such as life chance, educational attainment, occupational groups as well as economic factor. Such objective measures as the occupational status of the main breadwinner, family income, and the educational level of respondent, and subjective measures of class identification are used for the operational definition of the JSC. Data from a national survey of 1,515 respondents is analyzed to investigate the change of the JSC in size and the major determinants of class identification. The results show that while there is no strong evidence of any significant change of the JSC by the objective measures during the recent decade, there seems to be a slight decrease in the subjective class identification. In addition, binary logistical regression analysis reveals that self-identification of JSC is heavily influenced by house ownership, along with subjective evaluation of one's own income and property ownership. This study demonstrates that the apparent class polarization in Korean society reflects not so much objective conditions but subjective perception of respondent of his or her circumstance. It is suggested that problems of housing and relative derivation people have as regards income and property should be resolved to alleviate such class polarization in Korean society.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.123-136
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• 1993

The growth of radidly improving computer and information technology has a profound impact upon economical, social and cultural sectors. With the progress of information technology, information-telecommunication services are produced. This service is used in sending the information to order service-users, and search the need information. This case study considers information-telecommunication service as a consumer-innovation. Information telecommunication services are provided by firms involved in collection. HiTEL(High-Telecommunication) service represents a subset of this group in that the collection, processing and transmission is primarily in an electronic from. The purpose of this paper is concerned with examining the spatial diffusion process, the issues, and behavior to used in HiTEL service one of the information-telecommunication services in Kwangju. HiTEL service is one of the typical information-telecommunication services, and is begun in Seoul and Kwangju area from October 1991, and diffusing several cities and regions now. Diffusion process of HiTEL services in Kwangju showed the irregular pattern in major residential areas, particularly Daewei-dong, Dongun-dong present higher adoption rate than other area, and where functioned as a diffusion center, the social and economic characteristics of residential area have a critical effect on diffusion process. The major adoption areas are recently built residential area, apartment districts, and diffusion direction shows two directions according to development of residental area; one is to south, another is from northeast to southwest. In order to understand the use-behavior of HiTEL service, questionary survey was carried out. Most adopters have a concern to actual life, as HiTEL, information of telephonenumber, and Daewoo Dial-Van compared with other information service. But the actual use-frequency of service is very low. In use of Kwangju regional information service, the use-frequency of operator is very low because of the lack of advertisement, the lack of providing information, and the low-concerns for regional information. But most of adopters need the providing of various regional information as regional news, education, medical and cultural events, housing, city-transportation, and job market. Thus, in order to increase and diffuse the HiTEL service, the establishment of diffusion strategies and the scheme for solution of related issues are very important. The direct diffusion strategies are the diffusion of information-mind, establishment of diffusion and education center, providing of regional information. The scheme for solution of related issues revealed in operating process are reduction of rental fee, development of the related technology and services.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.383-392
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• 2004

The power tools is the product using working power generated by electric motor. Many companies are manufacturing numerous devices. Main features of tools are included various assembled products, small, light and solid and durable enough to match several standards. Fundamental requirements for the product is excellent performance and convenience for use. The quality of them depends on the equipped motor'(s) capability, accuracy of gear and endurance against worn-out. By adapting the state-of-the-art parts, they could be used in the place from home to heavy industry broadly. They can be classified electronic drills, grinders, saws and sanders families for the household appliances. For industrial tools, bore drill, grinder, polisher, and driver drill are classified as special and high priced group. This study presents the strategy of power tool development of BOSCH, BLACK&DECKER and KEYANG. Their products were analyzed in terms of product line and product mix concept. Then they are examined by design elements, such as color, shape and material for housing. As an analysis method, the image scale parameter and criteria were applied to each company's product.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.55-63
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• 2021

Recently, as the problem of the traditional on-site labor-intensive construction production method has been raised due to changes in construction work labor and site conditions, the OSC method is gradually spreading as an alternative to this. Even in apartment houses, the application of the PC method is expanding centered on the underground parking lot, but the high cost structure is a problem compared to the conventional formwork method. In this study, factors affecting the calculation of construction cost in the economic evaluation, which are the core of determining the construction method for apartment buildings, are derived through domestic and foreign literature review and expert advice, the importance was analyzed through an opinion survey targeting industry experts. The measures to reduce construction cost were mainly derived from the improvement of the design and manufacturing process. It is expected that the factors affecting the construction cost and improvement measures of the PC method derived from this study will serve as a direction for technology development to spread the application of the PC method for apartment houses in the future.