• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.51-55
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• 2002

End of July. 2002 Hyundai Heavy Industries Co. Ltd. Offshore Division is successfully completed Load-out & Float-off work of "AMENAM KPONO/FSO Project" similar to 300K VLCC size. The AMENAM FSO hull and topside module built at the HHI Offshore yard using "On-Ground Building Method" developed by HHI. Various methodologies/techniques like Flexi-built FPSO Hull. Topside module erection method. Load-out Float-off methodology etc. are combined to develop a successful on-ground building method. In this paper, we described the "Hull Structural Strength Analysis Methodology" using 3-D Finite Element Analysis and results. This analysis is performed to verily the structural integrity or the AMENAM FSO hull during the main load-out on two semi-submersible barges combined together.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.231-238
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper was to investigate experimentally the steering torque characteristics of a tractor operated in various ground conditions. The experiments were conducted with the tractor reconstructed for steering torque test of the tractor at two different off-road conditions (ground-I and ground-II) and a on-road condition (ground-III), three different levels of tire inflation pressures (69 kPa, 138 kPa and 207 kPa), and four different levels of axle loads (4120 N, 4730 N, 5340 N and 5950 N). The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1) The steering torque was increased with the increase in steering angle for all experimental levels of ground conditions, axle loads and inflation pressures of tire. 2) As the axle load increased, the steering torque of the tractor increased for all ground conditions, and the increasing rate of the steering torque with the increase of axle load was greater at on-road than at off-road. 3) As the tire inflation pressure decreased, the steering torque increased. Also the increasing tendency of the steering torque with decreasing the tire inflation pressure showed that the harder the ground was, the larger the effect was. But for the soft ground condition, ground-I, no specific trend with inflation pressures was found. 4) Steering angle-steering torque relationship with ground conditions showed that the increasing rate of the steering torque was greater at on-road than off-road for small steering angle under 10 degree, and was greater at off-road than on-road for large steering angles over 10 degree.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.35-44
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• 2020

This study described the result of laboratory model tests, in order to compare the improvement effect of the DCM column installed on the soft ground according to DCM column type. In the laboratory model test, the non-reinforced type and the 3 types of DCM column were applied, and the behavior (settlement, lateral flow) of soft ground was evaluated under the surcharge load condition for each type. The settlement evaluation result showed that the settlement of soft ground without DCM column occurred rapidly under the low load condition, but the settlement of the soft ground with the DCM column had relatively small settlement. The evaluation result of lateral flow in the soft ground showed that the soft ground with DCM column had lower lateral displacement than the soft ground without DCM column. Especially, the lateral displacement under the same load condition decreased in the order of pile type, wall type, and grid type. Therefore, it confirmed that the improvement effect of soft ground was excellent when the DCM of grid type was applied for settlement and lateral flow.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.159-165
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• 2009

The Strain Wedge Model is useful method for horizontal bearing capacity calculation considering interaction of pile and ground deformation. However, application case of the Strain Wedge Model is rare and the strain wedge model of plenty of verification is needed on multi layered ground in Korea. In this present study, to conduct laboratory model test and numerical analysis for verification of Strain Wedge Model, adapt model that could describe the interaction of pile and ground deformation on multi layered ground. In model test, it was performed to estimate the behavior characteristics on pile under lateral load and to analyze the relationship between load and deformation. In addition, it was fulfilled to measure the skin friction on pile using strain gauge and to decide the ground passive resistance wedge using skin friction. Numerical analysis was performed to verify laboratory model test results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2004.03b
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• pp.227-234
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• 2004

Sand compaction pile (SCP) method is composed of compacted sand pile inserted into the soft clay deposit by displacement method. SCP-reinforced ground is composite soil which consists of the SCP and the surrounding soft soil. When a surcharge load is applied on composite ground, time-dependent behavior occurs in the soft soil due to consolidation according to radial flow toward SCP and stress transfer also takes place between the SCP and the soft soil. This paper presents the numerical results of cylindrical composite ground that was conducted to investigate consolidation characteristics and the stress transfer mechanism of SCP-reinforced composite ground. The results show that the consolidation of soft clay has a significant effect on the stress transfer mechanism and stress concentration ratio of composite ground

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.1351-1358
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• 2008

This paper presents how the load transfer mechanism of the ground anchor affects on the stability analysis of anchored slope. The finite element analysis and the conventional limit equilibrium analysis on the anchored slope were performed and compared. The limit equilibrium analysis of the anchored slope is quite open used in design practice due to the easiness of the analysis. However, the load transfer mechanism is not considered properly for the analysis. When the failure surface passes through the bonded length of an anchor, the anchor load is disregarded and the factor of safety for the anchored slope is smaller than it should be. In this study, the load transfer distribution was incorporated into the limit equilibrium stability analysis of the anchored slope and the results were compared with the results of finite element analysis.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2018

The object of this paper was to analyze combined load acting on agricultural reservoir. This study was carried out to 3-D numerical modeling for displacement characteristic and seismic acceleration characteristic. The results of study were analyzed and summarized as follow. It was found that the displacement caused by combined load acting on railway and agricultural reservoir did not reflect the effect of load and the seismic wave consistently. The ground accelerations that occur in railway and dam were amplified because 3-D numerical analysis program interprets ground as an elastic body. Actual ground shows characteristics of elasticity and plasticity, so measured values will show different tendency. As a result of analyzing displacement characteristics, it is considered to be related to stiffness. The Ofunato seismic wave, the displacement (77.1 mm) of the body satisfied the allowable displacement (220 mm), but The Hachinohe seismic wave (282.8 mm) did not. It is considered that displacement caused by combined load is affected not only by acceleration but also by characteristics of materials.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.36-46
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of artificial soil ground on a structure. When the artificial soil ground is planted, the technical factors to be considered will be the load for buildings and the growth of plants. There are no current studies of the effect of artificial soil ground on a structure and this study will analyze the load effects of artificial soil ground, which mixes both pearlite and natural soil on structures. The load affecting the structures due to artificial soil ground will be maximized when the artificial soil ground becomes saturated, and which would occur when the rainfall intensity exceeds the infiltration capacity of the artificial soil ground. In order to determine whether the artificial soil ground has reached saturation or not, a 10 years frequency and 10 minutes rainfall intensity which is used for in urban drain design, is utilized. The hydraulic conductivity of artificial soil and mixed soil has been changed depending on the proportion of the mix, It has a range of fluctuation in the degree of hardening, in particular, but does not exceed the 10 minutes rainfall intensity over 10 years frequency in the most cases. Therefore, it would be efficient to apply the saturated unit weight of artificial soil ground as the design load of a structure.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.559-572
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• 2021

This research presents the monitoring results and their interpretation on load sharing of the pile foundation during the construction of a high-rise (124 m in height) building in Bangkok, in soft clayey ground. Axial forces in several piles, pore water pressure and earth pressures beneath the raft in a tributary area were monitored through the construction period of the building. The raft of the pile foundation in soft clayey ground can share the load up to 10-20% even though the foundation was designed using the conventional approach in which the raft resistance is ignored. The benefit from the return of ground water table as the uplift pressure is recognized. A series of parametric study by 3D-FEA were carried out. The potential of utilizing the piled raft system for the high-rise building with underground basement in soft clayey ground was preliminarily confirmed.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.487-497
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• 2016

If a tunnel is excavated, the released stress is redistributed in the ground around the tunnel face, which lead the stress state of the surrounding ground of the tunnel and the load acting on the tunnel support to change. If the tunnel face deforms, the ground ahead of it is relaxed, and the earth pressure acting on it decreases. And if the displacement increases so much that, the ground ahead of the tunnel face reaches in failure state. At this time, load would be transferred longitudinally in the tunnel, depending on the cover and the face deformations. The longitudinal load transfers in the tunnels induced by the tunnelling has been often studied; however, the relation between the deformation of the tunnel face and the longitudinal load transfer was rarely studied. Therefore in this study assesses the characteristics of the longitudinal load transfer as the face was failed by displacement by conducting a model test in a shallow tunnel. In other words, the longitudinal load transfer of the tunnel with the progress of the face deform was measured by conducting a model test, beginning at the state of earth pressure at rest. As results of this study, most of the longitudinal load transfers occurred drastically at the beginning of the displacement of the tunnel face, and as the displacement of the face approached the ultimate displacement, it converged to the ultimate displacement at a gentler slope. In other words, when the ground ahead of the tunnel face was still in an elastic state, the longitudinally transferred load increased sharply at the beginning stage but it tended to increase gradually if it approached to the ultimate limit. Thus, it was noted that the earth pressure in the face and the longitudinal load transfer of the tunnel had the same decreasing tendency.