• Title/Summary/Keyword: Green extension

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Growth Characters and Productivity of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) New Variety 'Hwasan 104' (이탈리안 라이그라스 신품종 '화산 104호'의 생육특성과 수량성)

  • Choi Gi Jun;Rim Yong Woo;Sung Byung Ryul;Lim Young Chul;Kim Meing Jooung;Kim Ki-Yong;Park Geun Je;Park Nam Keon;Hong Youn Ki;Kim Sang Rok
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.275-280
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    • 2005
  • This experiment was carried out to breed the cold-tolerant variety of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, Suwon from 1997 to 2002. Hwasan 104 as a tetraploid variety was dark green in leaf color and had semi-prostrate and medium growth habit in late autumn and early spring, respectively. Hwasan 104 was 19th May in heading date as a late-heading variety. Especially, Hwasan 104 was broader in flag leaf and longer 7 cm in plant length, and thicker in stem width than those of control variety, Hwasan 101. Cold tolerance of Hwasan 104 was better than that of Hwasan 101 registered as a cold-tolerant variety. Dry matter (DM) yield of Hwasan 104 was $5\%$ more than DM 9,348 kg/ha of Hwasan 101. In vitro dry matter digestibility and total digestible nutrient of Hwasan 104 were 74.3 and $63.1\%$ which are 3.3 and $1.5\%$ lower than those of Hwasan 101, respectively. Acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber of Hwasan 104 were 32.6 and $55.8\%$ which are 1.9 and $2.4\%$ higher than those of Hwasan 101, respectively.

Lycopene Content and Fruit Morphology of Red, Pink, Orange, and Yellow Fleshed Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Germplasm Collections

  • Noh, Jae-Jong;Hur, On-Sook;Ro, Na-Young;Lee, Jae-Eun;Hwang, Ae-Jin;Kim, Bit-Sam;Rhee, Ju-hee;Yi, Jung Yoon;Kim, Ji Hyun;Lee, Ho-Sun;Sung, Jung-Sook;Kim, Myung-Kon;Assefa, Awraris Derbie
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.33 no.6
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    • pp.624-637
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    • 2020
  • High-quality and high-phytonutrient watermelon fruits have strong market opportunities besides their health related benefits. Hence, investigating quality and nutritional related traits of watermelon genetic resources could provide important baseline data in breeding for increased lycopene content thereby increasing the marketability of watermelon. To this end, we have examined some fruit morphological traits and lycopene content of 105 genetic resources. Seeds, originally obtained from 22+ countries, were obtained from the National Agrobiodiversity Center, Jeonju, South Korea, grown in an experimental field and harvested at a fully mature stage. The size of pistil scar (SPS), the width of stripes (WS), weight of fruit (WF), length of fruit (LF), width of fruit (WIF), the thickness of pericarp (TP), soluble solids content (SSC), fruit shape in longitudinal section, ground color of skin, the intensity of the green color of skin, fruit shape at the apical part, grooving distribution, conspicuousness of stripes, and main color of the flesh were recorded on the field and inside laboratory and the lycopene was measured using spectrophotometric and HPLC methods. Watermelon fruits have shown a diverse morphological characters. Red and pink fleshed fruits dominated in the entire collections. Fruits with higher thickness of rind were found to exhibit less soluble solid content (SSC). Korean origin fruits were characterized by intermediate SSC while the United States of America (USA), Russia (RUS), Tajikistan (TJK), Turkmenistan (TKM), Taiwan (TWN), and Uruguay (URY) originated fruits had the highest SSC. The lycopene content varied between 41.37 and 182.82 ㎍/g, 2.81 and 163.72 ㎍/g, and 3.54 and 255.47 ㎍/g using HPLC, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and microplate reader spectrophotometer, respectively. Red- and pink-fleshed fruits had the highest levels of lycopene content compared to the yellow- and orange-fleshed. Lycopene content had a significant positive correlation with SSC, however, no correlations were detected between lycopene and other quantitative fruit morphological characters. Our study demonstrated high diversity exists in fruit morphological traits and lycopene content of the germplasm collections which provide beneficial baseline data for a future breeding program and utilization of watermelon germplasm collections in gene banks for the maintenance and improvement of the current levels of production, marketability, and health-related benefit of watermelon fruits.

Effect of Mg Concentration in Fertigation Solution on Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Cut Chrysanthemum 'Biarritz' (Mg시비농도가 절화국 'Biarritz지 생육과 양분 흡수에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Jeong-Man;Choi, Jong-Myung;Chung, Hae-Joon
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.119-127
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    • 2005
  • This study was carried out to investigate the effect of magnesium concentrations in fertilizer solution on growth and cut flower quality of chrysanthemum 'Biarritz'. The nutrient concentrations in plant tissue and soil solution of root media were also determined. Magnesium deficiency appeared on older leaves with interveinal yellow-green chlorosis. Marginal chlorosis and necrosis also developed on some of older leaves. Elevation of Mg concentration in fertilizer solution increased cut flower weight at harvesting stage resulting in the 8.84g in 1.5mM treatment. Dry weight of whole above ground plant tissue increased as Mg concentrations in fertilizer solution were elevated within the range from 0 to 15mM, but that of 20mM decreased compared to 15mM treatment. The dry weight of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5mM treatments were 8.42, 8.75 and 8.848 and tissue Mg contents of those based on the youngest fully expanded leaves at harvesting stage were 0.34, 0.53 and $0.71\%$, respectively. Based on dry weight and tissue Mg contents, Mg fertilization to maintain tissue contents higher than $0.64\%$ is necessary to ensure flower quality and yield. By considering the concentration in 15mM treatment, Mg concentration in soil solution of root media should be higher than $3.68mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ at harvesting stage.

A Study on the Quantity Food Production Practices of Foodservice in Sangju and Near-by Region (상주 및 인근지역 단체급식소의 다량조리 실태 연구 -식단분석 및 다량조리 실태-)

  • 박모라;김귀영;박필숙;강우원
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.36-50
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    • 1998
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate quantity food production practices in foodservices by analysing the menus of April, 1996, The questionnaire was developed and responded to by 96 dietitians in Sangju, Munkyung, Gumee, Kimchun, and Andong during November, 1996. The survey was performed by simple random samplings. The results were as follosw; 1. Hospitals and industry served food for thirty days and schools for twenty days. Kimchi was a select-menu for hospitals and one side dish for industry and schools. The type of menu was a single use menu which consisted of cooked rice, soups and three side dishes. 2. The most frequently used ingredients were green onions, rice, carrots, onions, Korean radish roots, pork, eggs, glutinous rice, and milk. Kimchis were served most frequently in all food services and cooked rices and soups were next. 3. The age of most of the respondents was 26 to 30.54.2% of subjects were juniou college graduates and 77.1% were single. Fifty seven point three percent of the dietitians lived with family relatives, or friends. 87.5% of the dietitians had been working for 1 to 5 years. 4. Most foodservices were self-operated. The number of meals served was determined by meal coupon counting in hospitals(37.5%), meal board counting in industry(29.2%), and attendance card counting in schools(41.1%) The cost of sales per meal was approximately 2,450 won in hospitals and was approximately 1,100 won in industry and schools. The average number of days per menucycle was 7.4 in hospitals. 10.3 in industry and 25.5 in schools. Hospitals, industry, and schools held about 118, 265 and 263 recipes respectively. The average number of dietitians was 2.6 in hospitals and 1.0 in industry and schools. Except for the number of recipes, the general practices of foodservices were significantly different(P<0.05). 5. In the general quantity food production, food and seasonings measuring was hardly done. the percentage of foodservices using chemical seasonings was higher in hospitals and industry than in schools. the most important concern was taste, Registered cooks were employed in 75% of schools but only 50.0% in hospitals and 20.8% in industry. Most of the dietitians respinded that their cooks skill was not bad. The education of unregistered cooks was performen once or two times a month in hospitals and industry, and in schools performed everyday. The problem when educating cooks was the lack of cooking skill of the dietitians in schools, and the lack of time in hospitals, and the negative attitude toward education in industry. The method for improving cooking in all foodservices was OJT, or the extension of education facilities and the development and dissemination of standard recipes. The frequency of throwing away leftovers was higher in hospitals. But in industry, the frequency of saving leftovers was higher. 6. Though all foodservices have standard recipes, the number that used them was low, Another problem is that standard recipes resulted in leftovers. The inconveniences of using standard recipes were the difficulty of applying standard recipes to various numbers of customers the complication of use, or facility insufficiency.

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Effect of Legume Cover Crops and Nitrogen Fertilization Rates on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Waxy Corn (Zea mays L.) in No-Tillage System

  • Choi, Jong-Seo;Kim, Min-Tae;Ryu, Jin-Hee;Kim, Kwang Seop;Kim, Sook-Jin;Park, Ki-Do
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.49 no.5
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    • pp.531-540
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    • 2016
  • The adoption of legume cover crops in no-tillage system can contribute to improve soil fertility by providing several benefits, including reduction in soil erosion, suppression of weed growth and N supply to subsequent crops. We conducted a field study to investigate the effect of cover crops and nitrogen fertilization rates on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of waxy corn (Zea mays L.) in no-tillage upland field. Two legume cover crops, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnuturn L.) were mechanically terminated with roller in early June. For each cover crop treatment, nitrogen (N) fertilizer was applied at three different rates (145, 72.5 and $0kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$). The growth and yield characteristics of corn were significantly affected by the N fertilization rates in crimson clover plots, which suggest N mineralization from the cover crop residue was not sufficient. In contrast, N fertilization rates had no significant effect on growth and yield of corn in hairy vetch plots, indicating that the amount of N released from the cover crop is large enough to meet most of the N requirement of corn. However, the application of N fertilizer in hairy vetch cover plots resulted in slight increase of crop yield, though not statically significant, and high levels of N concentration in corn plant tissue possibly due to luxury consumption of N. Organic residues on the soil surface in hairy vetch cover plots had substantial amounts of N after harvest, ranging from 100 to $116kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, which is presumably retained during winter season and released by microbial mineralization in subsequent year. The highest nitrogen yield efficiency was achieved in the plot with hairy vetch cover and no N fertilizer application, followed by the plot with hairy vetch cover and $72.5kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ fertilization rate. In conclusion, hairy vetch showed better performance in corn productivity as compared with crimson clover. In addition, it was concluded that the application of N fertilizer between 0 and $72.5kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ in combination with hairy vetch cover crop might be most efficient for corn yield under no-tillage system with climatic and soil characteristics similar to those of the experimental site.

A New Early-Heading and High Forage Yielding Rye Variety "Egreen" (극조숙, 다수성 조사료 및 녹비용 호밀 신품종 "이그린")

  • Heo, Hwa-Young;Park, Hyoung-Ho;Hwang, Jong-Jin;Kim, Hong-Sik;Han, Ouk-Kyu;Park, Tae-Il;Seo, Jae-Hwan;Kim, Dea-wook;Kim, Su-Yong;Kim, Si-Ju;Park, Ki-Hun
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.620-624
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    • 2009
  • "Egreen" rye (Secale cereale L.) was developed by National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA. It was released in 2007 because of its excellent earliness and yield potential. Crossing was made by an open pollination with 10 rye lines in 1995. Many lines from the open pollinated population were handled in a mass selection program in subsequent generations. Among them the line 'SR95POP-S1-116-1-1-2'was selected for earliness and promising agronomic appearance and placed in yield trial for two years from 2003 to 2004. In 2005, it was designated "Homil 34" and subjected to regional yield trials. Over 3 years, "Egreen" averaged 8.34 MT ha-1 of forage yield (based on dry matter) harvested at the heading date of check variety "Olhomil", which was superior to other varieties such as "Olhomil" and "Koolgrazer" with an increase of 8% and 10%, respectively. Heading date of "Egreen" was April 22, 3 days earlier than that of "Olhomil". It would be recommended as a winter crop forforage and green manure before planting either maize or rice in Korea.

Effects of No-tillage Rice Cover Crop Cropping Systems on Rice Root Growth (무경운 피복작물 작부체계가 벼 뿌리 생육에 미치는 영향)

  • Son, Daniel;Lee, Young-Han
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.44 no.3
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    • pp.375-379
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    • 2011
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of rice cover crop cropping systems on rice root growth in a rice field as affected by conventional tillage without rice straw or green manure crop treatment (CTFS, check plot), no-tillage without cover crops (NTNT), no-tillage amended with rape (NTRA), no-tillage amended with rye (NTRY), no-tillage amended with hairyvetch (NTHV), and no-tillage amended with Chinese milk vetch (NTCM). In 0-5 cm soil depth, dry weight of root in NTRS ($128g\;m^{-2}$) was significantly higher than in the other plots (p<0.05) at harvesting stage. In addition, content of active organic matter at 0-5 cm soil depth was $1,684g\;m^{-2}$ in NTCM, $1,309g\;m^{-2}$ in NTRA, $1,295g\;m^{-2}$ in NTRS, $1,072g\;m^{-2}$ in NTRY, $917g\;m^{-2}$ in NTHV, $434g\;m^{-2}$ CTFS, and $426g\;m^{-2}$ in NTNT treatment. In no-tillage rice cover crop cropping system, our findings suggest that NTRS and NTCM should be enhanced root growth and active organic matter in paddy field.

A New Flowering, Spray Chrysanthemum Cultivar for Cut Flower, "Yellow Eye" with Single Type and Light Yellow Petals (황색 홑꽃인 조기개화성의 절화용 스프레이국화 "옐로우아이" 육성)

  • Hwang, Ju-Chean;Chin, Young-Don;Kim, Jin-Ki;Kim, Su-Gyeong
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.40 no.4
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    • pp.541-545
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    • 2008
  • A new spary chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum) cultivar 'Yellow Eye' was developed from a cross between 'Angela' and 'Angaesoguk' followed by selections of seedlings and lines at the Flower Research Institute, Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services (ARES) from 2003 to 2007. Its characteristics were investigated three times from 2005 to 2007 under forcing culture in spring and retarding culture in autumn. The natural flowering time of 'Yellow Eye' was October 24th, but year-round production was possible by shading and lighting. Its flower was 3.3 cm in diameter, and had 31.7 petals and 27.9 flowers per stem in autumn. It has pollenless, single type flowers with yellow petals and green flower center. To flower in under the short day condition, for 'Yellow Eye' was about 41 days in spring, and 'Yellow Eye' showed a vase life of 23.1 days in autumn. This cultivar was registered for a commercialization in 2007. 'Yellow Eye' would be cultured under the greenhouse and rain shelter condition in Korea.

A New Pink Mini Cut Flower Gerbera Cultivar, "Summer Ring" (핑크색 소륜 절화용 다수성 거베라 신품종 "썸머링")

  • Chung, Yong-Mo;Hwang, Ju-Chean;Chin, Young-Don;Kim, Su-Kyeong;Yi, Young-Byung;Kwon, Oh-Chang
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.40 no.1
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    • pp.80-83
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    • 2008
  • A new pink gerbera (Gerbera hybrida Hort.) cultivar 'Summer Ring' was developed from a cross between 'Grandeur' and 'Nova Zembla' followed by seedling and line selections at the Flower Breeding Research Institute, Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services (ARES) in 2005. Characteristics of the new cultivar were evaluated three times from 2003 to 2004. 'Summer Ring' has semi-double type mini flower in good harmony with pink (RHS, 56-D) ray floret and green center. It has good stable flower shape and strong peduncle, and its vase life was 14.7 days. The average yield of 'Summer Ring' flower was 69 per plant/year in greenhouse yield trails during 2003 and 2004. This cultivar was registered for commercialization in 2005. Commercial production of 'Summer Ring' could be possible throughout the country under greenhouse condition.

A Study on the Necessity of Vertical Garden in Public Places for Urban Environment Improvement (도시환경 개선을 위한 공공장소의 수직정원 필요성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Chul-soo
    • Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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    • v.12 no.6
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    • pp.75-81
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    • 2021
  • (Research background and purpose) Urban development has also had a significant impact on the eco-friendly industry. In the public environment, citizens are stressed in many areas, which has really made them need a natural ecological environment. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the environment into an eco-friendly urban public facility that breathes the urban environment space inside the building with plants. To this end, we want to show that the urban environment can be improved through vertical gardens. And through this, we want to contribute to the popularization of vertical gardens. (Research Methodology) we will analyze the problems of the current public environment in the city and look at the supplementation around vertical gardens. (Result) A study of the public environment in the city found problems such as gloomy environment, poor use of space, dim color, and poor air quality, and wanted to create a vertical garden to provide a pleasant shelter. These vertical gardens have influenced urban public places with improved aesthetics, increased social value, insulation and soundproofing effects of buildings, reduced urban heat island effects, and increased urban green appearance. (Conclusion)This study uses vertical gardens in public spaces to design public spaces that are more comfortable and share mental and physical health together.