• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2022

This study is a case study to identify the spatial composition and structural problems of existing schools for spatial innovation as a future school that can operate a credit system for old high schools and establish a mid-to-long-term arrangement plan as a credit system operating school capable of various teaching and learning in the future. The study results are as follows: First, most of the problems of the old high schools entailed that there was very poor connectivity between buildings as most of them were arranged in a single, standard design-type unit building and distributed in multiple buildings. In addition, the floor plan of each building is suggested to be a structure in which student exchange and rest functions cannot be achieved during the break period due to the spatial composition of the classroom and hallway concepts. Second, in the direction of the high school space configuration for future school space innovation, the arrangement plan should be established by reflecting the collective arrangement in consideration of the shortening of the movement route and the expansion of subject areas due to the movement of students on the premise of the subject classroom system. Moreover, it is desirable to provide a square-type space for rest and exchange in the central area where communication and exchange are possible according to the moving class. Third, as the evaluation criteria for relocating old high schools, a space program is prepared based on the number of classes in the future, and legal analysis of school land use and land use efficiency analysis considering regional characteristics are conducted. Based on such analysis data, mid-to-long-term land use plans and space arrangement plans for the entire school space such as the school facility complex are established.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.45-58
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• 2006

This study was aimed to propose the plan of creating a biotope reflecting an ecological education as well as its function as the habitats of amphibian in Namsan Urban Natural Park in Seoul. There were Cheonil mineral spring area which was located on the southern side of Namsan, wetlands which was already created on the east valley(800$m^2$) and a buffer area of the circumference(1,100$m^2$) as the biotope sites. Major fields of this study include a survey of the staus, a basic plan, a master plan; a survey of this site was focused on topography, water system, existing vegetation, wildbird, amphibian, trail; a detailed plan was focused on flow plan, planting plan, facility plan. Existing vegetation was classified into 8 types; Pinus densiflora forest, Pinus densiflora planted area, Prunus sargentii-Quercus spp. forest, Pinus rigida forest, Robinia pseudoacacia forest, artificial green space, wetlands, south beltway. There were Pinus densiflora planted area and Prunus sargentii-Quercus spp. forest as major vegetations of this site. 14 species and 33 individuals of wildbirds appeared, Rana temporaria ornativentris and Hynobius leechi were investigated in the wetlands.In particular, habitats of amphibian were divided eco-zone, buffer-zone and restore-zone, and habitats and facilities which would be suitable for the characteristics of each space were planned. As a result, environment elements of good habitats including spawn wetlands of amphibian, harbor of amphibian, water plant of wetland, wild shrubs forest, ecological landscape forest, wetland observation trail, fence of wetland protection and ramp by pebble and log were created at the site. The amphibian biotope of Namsan is rated high as an important space for conserving biodiversity. Accordingly, continuous monitoring of this biotope as a urban habitat is required as the environment changes.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.83-94
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• 2020

Busan Metropolitan City, a research site of this study, was promoted to a metropolitan city in 1995 with the implementation of the local autonomy system, and the overall change was made as it absorbed the surrounding areas to address the shortage of population and space. Twenty-five years after the introduction of the local autonomy system, it is necessary to diagnose whether balanced development of the entire city is being made in accordance with the reorganization of the metropolitan city in terms of spatial structure. In this study, changes in spatial structure and regional characteristics were analyzed by applying population potential, which means potential for future spatial interaction, in time and space. According to the analysis, the development was taking place around the center area and the sub-center established by the urban master plan, but Gangseo-gu and Gijang-gun, which were incorporated in the past, remained stagnant. In addition, it was shown that the spatial expansion of the city was suppressed by the green belt surrounding the city. However, in other regions where the green belt is located, the city has been expanded, which is different from Gijang-gun or Gangseo-gu, which was incorporated into the metropolitan city. Therefore, the cause of the decline in incorporated areas should not be limited to the institutional dimension of land use regulation. Growth management and balanced development plans will be necessary for the development of declining old downtowns and underdeveloped incorporated areas.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.3
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• pp.443-453
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• 2015

In 1922, Hongneung forest was established to support the study of Korean forestry. Nowadays the forest also plays a role as urban forest which provides a green space for local people. This paper proposes the better management plan of Hongneung forest based on visitor monitoring. On-site surveys with a structured questionnaire were carried out from August to November in 2014 and total 750 data were analyzed. The survey results are as follows: 1) Visitors were inclusive of all age groups and most of them lived nearby Hongneung forest, 2) Visitors used the forest mainly for recreational purposes and recognized the forest as 'Green space' rather than 'experimental forest', 3) Visitors had great satisfaction from the forest visit and raised the necessity of more environment education and promotion of the program. Based on the results, the following solutions have been suggested: 1) Environment education will help visitors to raise awareness on the importance of Hongneung forest which plays a role as both experimental and urban forest, 2) Systematic visitor monitoring can contribute to efficient visitor management and administration of the areas. In conclusion, it is necessary to establish a visitor management system that enable to achieve a harmonization between nature conservation and recreational demands as well as to improve management of natural resource and service.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.124-130
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• 2017

This study is aimed to find out whether there is difference in the physiological change of a human body according to the illumination and color of interior space or not and to specify the effect of the condition of illumination and color, respectively on the attention. In order to do so, White and Green were selected for colors and 4,000k, 5,000k, and 6000k were done for color temperature, and then attention was identified. Examining the results, the more color temperature increased, the more attention improved (P < 0.05), and in the case of EEG, ${\alpha}$ wave decreased while performing the task of attention (P < 0.01), and ${\beta}$ wave decreased more in Green than White in color condition, and it increased more in 4,000k than 5,000k and 6,000k (p < 0.05) in color temperature condition. To sum up, color condition didn't contribute to the attention much, in the case of color temperature, when it is 6,000k, it is judged that it helped to improve attention. It is considered that relaxation contributed to improving attention, as ${\beta}$ wave and sympathetic nerve decreased in 6,000k (p < 0.05). It is judged that the relaxation of tensions which happened due to a beta wave and the reduction of sympathetic nervous system activity in 6,000k, a condition of high color temperature, contributed to the improvement of concentration. In further researches, it is intended that a test will be conducted for the subjects of different ages, and the correlation between color temperature and color stimulation and the influence of them on human body would be observed in subdivided, various test conditions through various color temperature and color stimulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.72-81
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• 2007

This study mainly aims at suggesting plans applicable to the outdoor of environment-friendly communities in Korea by leveraging more natural conditions and materials when creating an outdoor biotop for an environment-friendly community and generating material types and development techniques enabling a natural circulation system. To this end, materials used in the outdoor of environment-friendly communities and traditional residential areas in Korea and biotop materials found in natural areas were examined. First, when the case examples of environment-friendly communities were reviewed, biotop spaces and materials that may function as habitats were hardly found. Materials used in biotop were mainly man-made structures made of artificial or processed materials, such as concrete, stones, bricks, woods and steels. Meanwhile, the outdoor space of traditional Korean villages had stone walls, soil walls, rock piles and composite piles, which composed of natural materials such as rocks, soil and plants, that naturally formed porous spaces along with the introduction of plants and provided habitats for a variety of insects. In natural areas, naturally created biotop spaces, such as rock piles, log piles, old tree deployment, branch piles, hay stacks and defoliated leaves, were found. Meanwhile, when spaces and materials available for biotop creation were reviewed to create an environment-friendly residential complex, they were divided into fences and hedges, green spaces between parks and residential buildings, ponds and waterscape spaces, zones separating pedestrian walks and roadways, breast walls and slope boundary, plant box and pergola. For each space, materials used for creating biotops and that were found in traditional Korean residential areas and natural areas were applied and suggested.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.221-228
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• 2020

We developed an all-fiber RGB laser light source module for application in an automobile head-up display. It is based on laser diodes and an optical fiber combiner that substantially enhances the flexibility of configuration and stability against harsh working conditions for automobiles. We coupled 13 laser diodes with optical fibers and merged them into a single output with a beam combiner device. Red (R), green (G), and blue (B) laser sources were employed to produce primary colors that were mixed into a white light output. An optical output power of approximately 1.5 W was achieved, and the color balance of the output lights was assessed based on the CIE 1931 color space. The optical output power was shown to be stable for over 160 h within an optical fluctuation of less than 0.27%.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.134-153
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• 2015

When making urban planning, it is important to understand climate effect caused by urban structural changes. Seoul city applies UPIS(Urban Plan Information System) which provides information on urban planning scenario. Technology for analyzing climate effect resulted from urban planning needs to developed by linking urban planning scenario provided by UPIS and climate analysis model, CAS(Climate Analysis Seoul). CAS develops for analyzing urban climate conditions to provide realistic information considering local air temperature and wind flows. Quantitative analyses conducted by CAS for the production, transportation, and stagnation of cold air, wind flow and thermal conditions by incorporating GIS analysis on land cover and elevation and meteorological analysis from MetPhoMod(Meteorology and atmospheric Photochemistry Meso-scale model). In order to reflect land cover and elevation of the latest information, CAS used to highly accurate raster data (1m) sourced from LiDAR survey and KOMPSAT-2(KOrea Multi-Purpose SATellite) satellite image(4m). For more realistic representation of land surface characteristic, DSM(Digital Surface Model) and DTM(Digital Terrain Model) data used as an input data for CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) model. Eight inflow directions considered to investigate the change of flow pattern, wind speed according to reconstruction and change of thermal environment by connecting green area formation. Also, MetPhoMod in CAS data used to consider realistic weather condition. The result show that wind corridors change due to reconstruction. As a whole surface temperature around target area decreases due to connecting green area formation. CFD model coupled with CAS is possible to evaluate the wind corridor and heat environment before/after reconstruction and connecting green area formation. In This study, analysis of climate impact before and after created the green area, which is part of 'Connecting green network across the north and south in Seoul' plan, one of the '2020 Seoul master plan'.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.1479-1485
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• 2012

The parking management system can increase driver's convenience with detailed parking information service in the parking lot. At the same time, parking management system consumes non-negligible electrical energy with large amount of sensors, displays and control modules. With the increase in the demand for green and sustainable building design all over the world, it becomes a meaningful issue for parking management system to reduce operating power. This paper presents the preliminary design and estimated results of a parking management system which is optimized to reduce the power consumption mainly on detectors and displays. The system design is based on pre-developed wireless parking detectors, Park Tile and Park Disk. The system has a number of parking space detectors, vehicle count detectors, information displays, guidance terminals and other control units. We have performed system architecture design, communication network design, parking information service scenario planning, battery life regulation and at last operating power estimation. The estimated operating power was 0.93KW per parking-slot, which is 20% of traditional systems. The estimated annual maintenance cost was 18% of traditional systems.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.749-762
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• 2019

In recent years, in urban areas, underground of roads are being promoted in order to resolve traffic congestion and to secure green spaces, and due to the low ratio of large vehicles, they are planned or constructed as road tunnels for small cars only. In addition, the tunnels being built in the city is a tendency to be enlarged to play the role of main roads. Accordingly, the capacity of the ventilation system is increasing and various ventilation methods are required, and the importance of maintenance after the completion of the tunnel such as the operating cost of the ventilation system is emphasized. Therefore, the need for optimization of the operation stage for reducing the power consumption of the ventilation system and the study of the ventilation system operation control logic is increasing. In this study, the study on the necessity of the optimization of operation stage and control logic of the ventilation system was carried out to realize the energy-saving operation for the small car only passing through tunnels which is applied of ① jet fan and combination ventilation system (② jet fan + air purifying equipment, ③ jet fan + vertical shaft, ④ jet fan + supply air semi-transverse). As a result of this study, there can be various operating combinations in the case of the combined ventilation system, and even though the amount of ventilation air is the same, the operating power varies greatly according to the operating combinations. It was found that operating the axial fan first rather than the jet fan first operation method has an effect on power saving.