• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.231-242
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the synergistic protective effects of mixtures of corn silk, perilla leaf and grape stem extract (CPG mixture) against UVB-induced skin damage and compound 48/80-induced pruritus in mice. The results showed that treatment with CPG mixture exhibited much stronger suppressive effect on erythema and melanin index as well as melanin formation than treatment with ascorbic acid (AA) in UVB-irradiated mice. Moreover, the treatment with CPG mixture showed ameliorative effect on immune cell infiltration and collagen fiber destruction in UV-irradiated mice. The treatment with CPG mixture inhibited glutathione (GSH) depletion, lipid peroxidation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in UVB-irradiated mice. Furthermore, the treatment with CPG mixture inhibited compound 48/80-induced scratching behavior and histological changes in mice. Taken together, these results indicated that CPG mixture has potentials as functional and therapeutic materials against skin damage and itch-related skin diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.115-118
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• 2003

This study was conducted to determine optimal extraction condition and free radical scavenging effect of ethanol extracts of Campell Early grape seeds and skins at different temperatures, and of organic solvent fractionated from ethanol extracts of grape seeds and skins. The free radical scavenging effect was tested using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and expressed as dose required for a 50% reduction of DPPH radical (RC$_{50}$). The extraction yields were increased with increasing the extraction temperature but it was not related with ethanol concentrations. The ethanol extract of grape seeds obtained at 5$0^{\circ}C$ showed the more stronger RC$_{50}$ (16.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL) than those of both 3$0^{\circ}C$ and 78$^{\circ}C$. The ethylacetate fraction obtained from ethanol extract of grape seed showed the strongest RC$_{50}$ (15.4 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL). Overall, both ethanol extracts and their fractions of grape seeds showed significantly stronger free radical scavenging effect than those of skin extracts.racts.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.87-98
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• 2015

We investigated the apoptotic effects of grape skin extracts (GSE) and related gene expressions in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells cultured in the presence of 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg/mL of GSE for 72 hours. MTT assay, trypan blue and nuclei staining showed lower cellular mitochondrial activities and increased cell deaths with a higher concentration of GSE (p<0.05). Increased cell number with fragmentated DNA of sub-G1 phase was calculated as a measure of apoptotic cell death by FACS analysis (p<0.05). In particular, apoptotic cell death caused markedly increased in the 1 and 1.5 mg/mL of GSE groups, as revealed by flow cytometry (Annexin V-FITC). RT-PCR analysis was performed on apoptotic and preapoptotic genes. Expression of the apoptosis suppressor gene bcl-2 significantly decreased, proapoptotic gene bax was significantly increased and procaspase-3 showing the presence of caspase-3 significantly decreased (p<0.05). Furthermore, bcl-2/bax ratio which is considered to be an important indicator of apoptosis, significantly decreased in a concentration-dependent manner (p<0.05). These results indicated that GSE induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.71-78
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• 2017

Objectives : The various grape extracts derived from grape pulp, seed and skin, containing various types of polyphenols and flavonoids, have been known to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and improve cardiovascular condition as well as sun's damaging effects. However, there have been rare reports of various beneficial effects of grape fruit stem extract (GFSE), one of the waste products of grapes. We investigated anti-inflammatory and melanogenesis inhibitory effects of GFSE. Methods : One-hundred gram of grape fruit stem was extracted with 80% ethanol at room temperature for 3 days. After filtration, the ethanol was removed using vacuum evaporator, then lyophilized to obtain the dry extract which was stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ until used. NO levels were measured by using Greiss reagent. Prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production was measured by ELISA assay. The expression levels of iNOS, COX-2, TRP-1 and TRP-2 were evaluated by western blot analysis. Results : GFSE reduced the level of nitric oxide and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production in a dose-dependent manner, compared to control. Expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein were also effectively inhibited by the GFSE. In a tyrosinase inhibitory activity, GFSE significantly reduced the tyrosinase activity and melanin content in a dose dependent manner, compared to control. GFSE also decreased the expression of tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1) and tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2), known as a melanocyte-specific gene product involved in melanin synthesis. Conclusions : Therefore, these results indicated that GFSE had powerful anti-inflammatory and anti-melanogenic effects.

• Clean Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to develop a method for separating antioxidants and sugars from grape skin extract. The extract was first mixed with a variety of organic solvents to investigate whether the separation was feasible. When employing acetone, ethanol, dimethylsulfoxide, or dimethylformamide, the organic solvent-extract combination formed a single phase. However, when benzene, ethyl acetate, or n-hexane was added to the extract, the mixture separated into an organic and an aqueous phase and the pigments remained in the aqueous phase. On the other hand, when polyethylene glycol-2,000 (PEG-2000) and sodium citrate were added to the extract, the mixture was separated into three layers, with the majority of the flavonoids migrating to the top layer and 53% of the extract's glucose migrating to the bottom layer. The top layer had significant antioxidant activity, whereas the bottom layer showed no antioxidant activity. The glucose recovery in the bottom layer increased as the molecular weight of PEG increased and the highest recovery (67%) was observed when PEG-8,000 was added. The highest flavonoid separation was observed with PEG-2,000, followed by PEG-8,000 and PEG-400. The flavonoid separation when PEG-2,000 was added resulted in a flavonoid recovery of 48% and 0.2% from the top and bottom layers, respectively. Examining the effect of the separated solution using the agar disc diffusion method on yeast cell growth confirmed that the addition of the extract, the top, and the bottom layer did not inhibit cell growth.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.202-209
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• 2015

Many of the natural dyes used for natural dyeing are difficult to maintain colorfastness due to their complex structure and specific properties. Therefore, there is a need for developing of color sustainable ability for use as an advanced coloring agent for fabrics, which would eco benign or not. In this study, the natural dye extracted from the waste of grape fruits was used to dye cotton fabric. Thus, the present study aims at extraction of color from grape seeds, skin, and stem through fermentation and then employing the same in dyeing and mordanting of cotton. Dyeing experiments were done under different conditions of fermentation and protein type mordants which were treated before and after dyeing. Experimental fabrics were used with cotton after scouring. Color value of dyed fabrics and color fastness of cotton dyed fabrics to washing and light were measured. The fastness of dyed experimental fabrics was increased by mordanting of protein fermentation and the color of dyed cotton was light red purple. The color of dyed fabric found with the optimum mordant treatment when treated with pre milk-mordant at $40^{\circ}C$ for 30min and 3% grape seed extract. On the whole, reddish tone very slightly increased with the milk pre-mordant. The color fastness of dyed cotton fabrics to light and washing was increased after fermentation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2018

This study aimed to analyze the contents of rutin, procyanidin B3, quercetin, and kaempferol, known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic effects, among the polyphenol types contained in grape pruning stem extracts (GPSE). It utilized grape stems discarded after harvest to measure the effects of GPSE on skin moisture, inhibition of skin cell proliferation, and anti-inflammatory activity on the damaged skin of HR-1 mice induced with ultraviolet B (UVB), and to verify the applicability of GPSE as a material for functional food and functional cosmetics. The polyphenol was extracted from grape pruning stems with 80% EtOH, and then the extract was used while storing at $-20^{\circ}C$, after filtering, concentrating, and freeze-drying it. The content of an active ingredient of GPSE was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). From 53 kg of the grape pruning stem specimen, 2.34 kg of the EtOH fraction extracts were extracted to achieve a 4.42% yield ratio. Analysis of the active ingredients showed 0.28 mg/g of procyanidin B3, 12.81 mg/g of rutin, 0.51 mg/g of quercetin, and 8.24 mg/g of kaempferol. After UVB irradiation on the dermis, to confirm the degree of inhibition of collagen synthesis, we examined the protein expression of MMP-9 using immunohistochemical staining. The results of this study confirm the existence of active polyphenol types, such as rutin, kaempferol, quercetin, and procyanidin B3, in GPSE. Moreover, the study found that GPSE has anti-collagenase effects and it decreases the effects of UV damage on skin barrier function. GPSE is a functional ingredient with a potential for skin protection effects, and it has high utilization potential as an ingredient for functional cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.477-482
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• 2009

Inhibitory effect of skin and seed of three species grape cultivated in Korea on melanogenesis was investigated. Melanin generation was examined in $\alpha$-Melanin Stimulating Hormone-stimulated B16 cell, mouse melanoma, in the presence of samples. All skin sample did not show the inhibitory effect. Seed extract of Campbell early and Neo Muscat had negative effect on cell viability. When $50{\mu}g/ml$ seed extract of Muscat Bailey A was treated, amount of generated melanin and cell viability were $51.6{\pm}20.5%$ and $90.4{\pm}11.3%$ compared to control, respectively. Seed extract of Muscat Bailey A reduced the tyrosinase protein induced by $\alpha$-Melanin Stimulating Hormone, which suggests that inhibitory effect of seed extract of Muscat Bailey A on melanin is partly due to suppression of tyrosinase that is responsible for melanin production.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.329-336
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• 2017

This study examined the effects of polyphenols in grape pruning stem extracts (GPSE) using grape stems discarded after harvest. The inhibitory effects on allergy, proliferation, and apoptosis in UVB-induced HR-1 hairless mice were analyzed. The applicability as a material for functional food and functional cosmetics was evaluated. The contents of the active ingredients of GPSE were analyzed by HPLC. After UVB irradiation on the dermis of HR-1 hairless mice, the number of mast cells was determined by toluidine blue staining to confirm that the skin allergic reaction was caused by GPSE. The results were similar to the normal group in the group applied GPSE, and there was no allergic reaction in the GPSE application group and a significant decreased compared to the sun cream control. PCNA immunohistochemical staining of the epidermal proliferation factor had an inhibitory effect on epidermal epithelial cell proliferation in all concentrations of GPSE and serum base mixture as an average of 42% compared to the control group. The mixture of GPSE and serum base suppressed the apoptosis inhibition rate by 27% on average compared to the control. These results confirmed the inhibitory effects GPSE on the allergic, proliferation, and apoptosis activities by with a serum base on UVB-induced skin damage. GPSE is a functional ingredient with potential skin protection effects, and has a high utilization as an ingredient for functional cosmetics.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.119-123
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• 2011

In order to compare what kinds of transcription factors are associated with the inhibition of preadipocyte cell proliferation, we prepared several grape extracts and tested the expression patterns by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. As a result, 50% ethanol extract of Campbell early seed inhibited adipogenesis derived from the MDI solution. Extract of Campbell early seed was significantly inhibited lipid droplet formation and expression of molecular factors C/EBP-alpha and delta in 3T3-L1 cells. It is suggested that grape extracts of fractions would be a good candidate for the development of regional skin fat modulator.