• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.11-32
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• 2004

According to Edwin Gordon(1987, 1997, 2003), music aptitude is a product of interaction of innate potential and early environmental experiences. He referred to music aptitude of children up to nine years of age as developmental music aptitude which fluctuates due to musical environment. Music aptitude stabilizes at age nine, and the music aptitude after age nine is called "stabilized music aptitude". This research is to examine Gorden's hypothesis that the younger a child receives music education, the higher music aptitude. Also, this research is to experiment the effect of Audiation activities developed in Audie Music Curriculum on music aptitude. The researcher and another Audie teacher as a co-teacher guided children together for 30 minutes once a week. The pedagogy guidelines for informal guidance in music learning theory were kept throughout the classes. Also, Audie's teaching method which had been developed for Korean Kindergarten educational environment was also applied. Five-year-old subjects in Experimental group 1 experienced the Audie Music Curriculum of one year; five-year-old subjects in Experimental group 2 experienced it for two years. Primary Measures of Music Audiation was administered three times during their last year of Kindergarten. Subjects in the Control groups, one examined at the beginning and the other at the end of their last year in Kindergarten, received no Audie instruction. There was no significant difference in tonal aptitude, but there was significant difference in rhythmic aptitude(p< .05) among the experiemental groups. Because both Experimental groups showed statistical significance (p< .001) in the music aptitude increase during their academic years, the significant differences of the year-end music aptitude between control group and experimental groups were the expected result.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.95-120
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• 2001

One of the systematic attempts for technological forecasting is Delphi Method that externalizes and manipulates unformalized experts opinion in a particular problem or subject. It has, however, a critical shortcoming that it can not reflect the degree of interaction that exists among forecast events or subject. Gordon and Hayward(1969) criticize that when the forecast events are strongly interrelated, a totally unrealistic consensus may result. They proposed a new forecasting method that considers the interaction of events, that is, Cross Impact Analysis (CIA). A number of related models have been developed after them. In this study, we examine a variety of research results related to CIA obtained by literature survey and propose the limitation and future research direction. This analysis would be expected to help us to create a strategic scenario on future technology development at the government and firm level.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.469-484
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• 2001

A new beam system comprising two cantilever stems and an interspan composite beam has been developed and its design philosophy is described in this paper. The system provides the equivalent of a semi-continuous beam without the requirement to calculate the moment rotation capacity of the beam-to-column connection. The economy of braced frames using the system has been investigated and compared with simple, continuous or semi-rigid systems. It is shown that the costs of the proposed system are similar to the semi-rigid system and cheaper than both the simply supported and rigid beam systems. Two tests have been carried out on 6 meter span beams, which also incorporated an asymmetric flange steel section. The behaviour of the system is presented and the test results are compared with those obtained from the theory.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.113-125
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• 2020

Beginning in the late 19th century, construction of skyscrapers spread throughout Chicago, New York City, and then the world as demand of space in buildings and increase of cost of land. With this change curtain wall systems have evolved to be more visually complex; these unique profiles of the skyscraper became powerful images and symbols of our cities. A curtain wall is defined as usually aluminum-framed wall containing in-fills of glass and metal panels. The framing is attached to the building structure and does not carry the floor or roof loads of the building.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.53-67
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• 1992

It has been recognized, virtually from the time of its inception, that fisheries economics, like other aspects of resource economics, should ideally be cast in capital-theoretic terms. The fish population or biomass can be viewed as a capital stock in that, like conventional or man-made capital, it is capable of yielding a sustainable consumption flow through time. This study is to introduce the optimal control theory which was extended from the theory of calculus of variations into the study of former static theory of fisheries economics started by Gordon (1954). The optimal control theory eliminated the inadequacies of the classical techniques to a large extent. From this point of view, this study, on the base of Schaefer model, summerizes most of major results achieved so far, but does so in a manner such that the links with capital theory are made transparent. This study explores two sets of problems. The first concerns the optimal approach to the equilibrium stock, i.e. the optimal investment policy. The second set of problems arises from the relaxation of the highly restrictive assumption of autonomy (i.e. the assumption that the parameters are independent of time), then concludes the relaxation of linearity assumption together with the complexities caused by that.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.569-574
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• 2002

We model the torsional oscillation of a suspension bridge, which is the forced sine-Cordon equation on a bounded domain. We use finite difference method to solve nonlinear partial differential equation numerically. The partial differential equation has multiple periodic solutions. Whether the span oscillates with small or large amplitude depends oかy on its initial displacement and velocity. Moreover, we observe that the qualitative properties are consistent with the behavior observed at the Tacoma Narrows Bridge on the day of its collapse.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.77-90
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• 1994

Curve-net interpolation surface is one of the most popular method in engineering design. Therefore it is supported with many commercial CAD/CAM system. However, construction algorithm of curve-net interpolation surfaces is rarely opened to the public because of its copy-right. In this paper we establish a construction algorithm of curve-net interpolation surface so called sweeping surface which especially concentrates on trajectory of cross-section curve. We also show the method which can construct sweeping surfaces as NURB or Bezier mathematical models. Surfaces having the form of standard mathematical models are very useful for the application of joining, trimming, blending etc. The proposed surface interpolation scheme consists of four steps; (1) preparation of guide curves and section curves, (2) remeshing guide curves and section curves, (3) blending section curves after deformation, and (4) determination of control points for sweeping surface using gordon method. The proposed method guarantee $G^1$-continuety, and construct the surface salifying given section curves and trajectory of section curves.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.395-409
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• 2012

In the study of homology cobordisms, knot concordance and link concordance, the following technical problem arises frequently: let ${\pi}$ be a group and let M ${\rightarrow}$ N be a homomorphism between projective $\mathbb{Z}[{\pi}]$-modules such that $\mathbb{Z}_p\;{\otimes}_{\mathbb{Z}[{\pi}]}M{\rightarrow}\mathbb{Z}_p{\otimes}_{\mathbb{Z}[{\pi}]}\;N$ is injective; for which other right $\mathbb{Z}[{\pi}]$-modules V is the induced map $V{\otimes}_{\mathbb{Z}[{\pi}]}\;M{\rightarrow}\;V{\otimes}_{\mathbb{Z}[{\pi}]}\;N$ also injective? Our main theorem gives a new criterion which combines and generalizes many previous results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.3-5
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• 1997

Properties of a good drug include safety, efficacy, half-life and bioavailability. With the current approach to drug discovery based on receptor-based and cell-based screening methods, compounds are frequently moved into development with poor bioavailability. With low bioavailability, drug administration is typically limited to parenteral routes, thus limiting the potential wide-spread utility of these therapeutic agents. The first and most important factor limiting a drug's bioavailability is the intestinal membrane permeability which in turn determines the maximum fi:action of the dose administered that can be absorbed. We have recently utilized new intubation methods for performing permeability measurements in humans and establishing a fundamental human data base for correlating intestinal jejunal membrane permeabilities with permeabilities determined in other systems, e.g., animals, tissue culture, as well as physical chemical properties.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.580-587
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• 1995

In order to produce the bacteriolytic enzyme, bacterial strains capable of excreting a large amount of the enzyme were screened from the coastal sea water samples in Pusan. The bacterial strain SH-1, which showed the highest activity among 43 bacteriolytic enzyme producing bacteria, was finally selected for further studies. The strain SH-1 was an endospore-forming grampositive rod, and the position of spore was paracentral. These morphological characteristics assigned the isolated strain to the morphological group I classified by Gordon. The fatty acid composition of the bacterial stain was analyzed to be consisted of branched chains of iso-Cn and anteiso-Cn. Based on the percent content of the branched chain (93.85%), the isolates could be identified as a species of Bacillus. According to the experimental results of the API system (API 50CHB & API 20E) the strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis. Numerical texonomy, in which 82 major characters were examined using several species of Bacillus as the standard bacteria, indicated that the strain SH-1 showed 90% similarity to Bacillus subtilis. Thus, the isolated strain SH-1 could be identified as Bacillus subtilis.