• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.27-37
• /
• 2021

Highly informative heuristics in AI planning can help to a more efficient search a solutions. However, in general, to obtain informative heuristics from planning problem specifications requires a lot of computational effort. To address this problem, we propose a Partial Planning Graph(PPG) and Mixed Heuristics for solving planning problems more efficiently. The PPG is an improved graph to be applied to can find a partial heuristic value for each goal condition from the relaxed planning graph which is a means to get heuristics to solve planning problems. Mixed Heuristics using PPG requires size of each graph is relatively small and less computational effort as a partial plan generated for each goal condition compared to the existing planning graph. Mixed Heuristics using PPG can find partial interactions for each goal conditions in an effective way, then consider them in order to estimate the goal state heuristics. Therefore Mixed Heuristics can not only find interactions for each goal conditions more less computational effort, but also have high accuracy of heuristics than the existing max and additive heuristics. In this paper, we present the PPG and the algorithm for computing Mixed Heuristics, and then explain analysis to accuracy and the efficiency of the Mixed Heuristics.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제35권6호
• /
• pp.157-171
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study was (1) to assess the level of financial management and financial goal attainment on housing purchase and children's educational expenditure, (2) to identify individual, family and environment variables which influence financial goal attainment, and (3) to investigate causal relation of variables which affect financial goal attainment. Data were collected from questionnaire with 772 married women who were residents of Jeonju. The major finding were as follows; (1) The levels of financial management and financial goal attainment on housing purchase and children's educational expenditure were middle. (2) The variables which exerted direct effects on financial goal attainment on housing purchase were time orientation of consumption life, asset, income stability, easiness in extending credit, financial planning, and financial implementing. the most powerful predictor of financial goal attainment on housing purchase was asset. (30 The variables which exerted direct effects on financial goal attainment on children's educational expenditure were time orientation of consumption life, asset, children's presence on the camp8us, easiness I extending credit, financial planning, and financial implementing. The most powerful predictor of financial goal attainment on children's educational expenditure was financial planning.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.63-99
• /
• 1981

The generalized goal decomposition model proposed by Ruefli as a single period decision model is presented for the purpose of a review and extended to make a multiple period planning model. The multiple period planning model in the three level organization is formulated with, linear goal deviations by introducing the goal programming method. Dynamic formulation using the generalized goal decomposition model for each single period problem is also presented. An iterative search algorithm is presented as an appropriate solution method of the dynamic formulation of the multiple period planning model.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 2017

Highly informative admissible heuristics can help to conduct more efficient search for optimal solutions. However, in general, more informative ones of heuristics from planning problems requires lots of computational effort. To address this problem, we propose an Delete Relaxation based Action Costs-based Planning Graph(ACPG) and Action Costs-based Heuristics for solving optimal planning problems more efficiently. The ACPG is an extended one to be applied to can find action costs between subgoal & goal conditions from the Relaxed Planning Graph(RPG) which is a common means to get heuristics for solving the planning problems, Action Costs-based Heuristics utilizing ACPG can find action costs difference between subgoal & goal conditions in an effective way, and then consider them to estimate the goal distance. In this paper, we present the heuristics algorithm to compute Action Costs-based Heuristics, and then explain experimental analysis to investigate the efficiency and the accuracy of the Action Costs-based Heuristics.

• 경영과정보연구
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.1-19
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 목표계획과정의 영향요인들을 포괄하는 체계모델을 제시하고, 다양한 요인들 중 특별히 수립체계의 적합성과 목표달성 가능성에 대한 구성원들의 인식수준에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 탐색하는데 주된 목적을 두고 실행되었다. 국내 상장사들의 목표계획과정에 대한 정보를 수집하여 분석한 결과는 목표계획과 관련하여 제시되어온 다양한 주장과 이론들이 40개의 시사점으로 요약 정리될 수 있으며, 이들은 다시 구성원들의 참여시스템과 업무동기, 최고경영자의 체계성과 실행의지, 상하의 정렬, 목표내용, 환경변화에 대한 조정을 포함하는 7개의 요소군으로 분류될 수 있음을 보여주고 있다. 또한 도출한 7개의 요소군들 중 목표내용 요소군은 목표수립체계에 대한 구성원들의 수용성과 실현 가능성에 대한 인식수준 모두에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 상하의 조정, 환경변화에 대한 조정을 포함하는 구조적 특성의 요소군들은 구성원들의 수용성에, 최고경영자의 실행의지, 구성원의 업무동기를 포함하는 내면적이고 심리적인 특성의 요소군들은 목표달성 가능성에 대한 인식수준에 중대한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과는 목표수립체계 구축수준을 진단하기 위한 체크리스트와 성과향상을 위한 목표효과 극대화에 도움이 되는 다양한 시사점들을 제공하고 있다.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of socio-demographic variables on time management and to investigate the effects of time management on self-efficacy and academic achievement in college students. The data were collected from 382 college students through questionnaire surveys and analyzed using frequency, percentile, and regression analysis with the SPSS program. College students' time management behavior was influenced by the social status of their families and by their participation in time management education. There were differences in variables affecting time management according to its sub-areas (planning, regular habits, and goal-oriented behavior). Planning was influenced by the students' majors and by their participation in time management education. Regular habits were influenced by the students' genders and their families' social status. No variables affected goal-oriented behavior. Time management (especially planning and goal-oriented behavior) and gender had strong effects on self-efficacy, and male students showed more self-efficacious behavior than their female counterparts. Time management (especially planning and regular habits) and gender had strong effects on academic achievement, and female students received higher academic grades than their male counterparts. Based on these results, time management was confirmed as an influential element in self-efficacy and academic achievement. Planning and goal-oriented behavior particularly influenced self-efficacy, and planning and regular habits particularly influenced academic achievement.

• 가정과삶의질연구
• /
• 제10권1호통권19호
• /
• pp.191-205
• /
• 1992

The purpose of this study was to investigate the planning styles and the differences of the level of planning styles according to individuals, family related variables and perceived adequacy of resources. The subjects of the study were 560 wives living in seoul and Daejeon. Survey methods were questionnaire. Data analysis strategies were percentile, frequency, Pearson's correlation, factor analysis, oneway analysis and multiple classification analysis. The major findings were as follows : 1) Planning styles were categorized into three factors. They were labeled resource-centered, goal-centered, constrained planning style. 2) wives tended to more frequently use a goal-centered planning style. 3) The perceived adequacy of health resource, the perceived adequacy of inter-personnal resource and occupation of husband were significant predictors of the level of resource-centered planning style. 4) The perceived adequacy of money resource was significant predictors of the level of constrained planning style. 5) The perceived adequacy of money resource and the age of youngest child were significant predictors of the level of goal-centered planning style.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
• /
• 제28권
• /
• pp.3-21
• /
• 1995

The library as nonprofit organization is required to have micro-planning for the organization itself and macro-planning for the relationship of the organization and its environment. Both the micro and macro planning are rational and effective means to library objectives. The library planning must be based on clearly formulated objectives that will encourage all parts of the organization to work toward the same goal and mission. The planning to library objectives should make programming. which should make processing. The mission here should precede goal. which should precede objectives and objectives should precede activities in planning. There is an integral relationship among them. Just as the objectives of the library may be thought of in a hierarchy such as the above. so the library planning must be based on such a hierarchy from strategic or long range planning to administrative planning, from administrative planning to operational planning or short range ones.

• 농촌계획
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.54-67
• /
• 1997

Korean societies have been experiencing the wholesale structural changes in the rapid currents of recent openness, globalization and democratization, which effect much more heavily in rural areas than in urban areas, so rural recomposition works being an important national concern. In order to systematically reconstruct the rural structure, the decision makers, with a four step hierarchy of rural resident-residents group-community-region, should be endowed with the objective judgement on basic elements of resource potentialities under their control. In this process. rational resource evaluation works would be firstly necessiated from expert groups. Based on the view mentioned above, this study principally aimed at developing a rational evaluation framework for rural resources. For that objective, the first step of the study pigeonholed the total resources items identifiable in rural areas from the existing study results, spatial planning and field surveying data. After then, using the formalized classification criteria of resources items, a tentative goal system for rural resources evaluation was proposed and the final one determined through expert-group checking. The results obtained during the study are summarized as follows ; 1. Using the existing examples of resources identification/classification and the basic data list for county-level development planning as the principal reference ones, total rural resources elements were classified into 3 constituent units : land, natural environment and human resources, which correspond to places to work, to play and to live, respectively, as 3 constituent ones of life-supporting space. 2. Three characteristic areal types were adopted to represent the total rural areas : lowland, upland and seashore areas, and also 3 practical use types to represent the objectives of resources evaluation systems : for land use planning, natural conservation policy and village improvement planning. Thus 9 different types of goal system for resources evaluation were developed(each system by 3 areal typesX3 practical use types) 3. Each goal system has 3-tier classification steps from the higher, middle and lower one. The higher and middle steps should contain equally applicable components to all the rural areas, of which allowable number being around 3 and 4 respectively. However the lower step would contain detailed sub-components changeable to areal characteristics of which allowable number being around 7.

• 한국경영과학회지
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.77-90
• /
• 2009

Total profit level Increases if a company increase the cost for achieving R&D related goals of equipment productivity enhancement, production cost saving, or for achieving equipment scale target, sales volume goal. But how much money should be invested to achieve a certain level of profit? We formulated the model to set the optimal goal levels to minimize the investment cost under the constraint that certain level of total profit should be guaranteed. This model derived from a case of P steel company. We found that this should be considered in relation with the production sales planning (known as optimal product mix problem) to guarantee the profit. We suggested a nonlinear programming model, 3 valiant form of the p+roduct mix problem. We can find the optimal Investment level for the R&D related goals or sales volume goal, equipment scale target for the P steel company using the model.