• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 2018

The seed yield of summer plants is affected by climate change due to high temperature. High temperature during the reproductive growth period decrease pod, seed weight in soybean. This study was conducted at National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) during the growing season. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of high temperature on growth and seed yield responses of soybean varieties using a temperature gradient chamber (TGC). In 2017, the Daewonkong (DWK), Pungsannamulkong (PSNK), and Deapungkong (DPK) were grown in three TGCs. Four temperature treatments, Ta (near ambient temperature), Ta+1 (ambient temperature+$1^{\circ}C$), $Ta+2^{\circ}C$ (ambient temperature+$2^{\circ}C$), $Ta+3^{\circ}C$ (ambient temperature+$3^{\circ}C$), $Ta+4^{\circ}C$ (ambient temperature+$4^{\circ}C$), were established by dividing the rows along which the temperature gradient was created. In all three cultivars, beginning bloom (R1) delayed at elevated temperature in $Ta+4^{\circ}C$. In addition, the days to beginning of seed fill and maturity were longer under higher temperature. The numbers of pod, 100 seed weight, and seed yield increased at elevated temperature in DWK. In contrast, seed yield components of PSNK and DPK were reduced in $Ta+4^{\circ}C$. The results suggest that 100 seed weight and seed size of soybean was low by increased temperature in $Ta+4^{\circ}C$ of PSNK and DPK.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.121-126
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• 2012

To determine whether FT-IR spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis for whole cell extracts can be used to discriminate major leguminous plant at metabolic level, seed extracts of six leguminous plants were subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). FT-IR spectral data from seed extracts were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). The PCA could not fully discriminate six leguminous plants, however PLS-DA could successfully discriminate six leguminous plants. The hierarchical dendrogram based on PLS-DA separated the six leguminous plants into four branches. The first branch was consisted of all three Vigna species including Vigna radiata var. radiate, Vigna angularis var. angularis and Vigna unguiculata subsp. Unguiculata. Whereas Pisum sativum var. sativum, Glycine max L and Phaseolus vulgaris var. vulgaris were clustered into a separate branch respectively. The overall results showed that metabolic discrimination system were in accordance with known phylogenic taxonomy. Thus we suggested that the hierarchical dendrogram based on PLS-DA of FT-IR spectral data from seed extracts represented the most probable chemotaxonomical relationship between six leguminous plants.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.174-181
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• 1988

A comparison was made the differences of growth and some yield components of two soybean ecotypes (summer and two autumn types) at different planting dates (15 April, 15 May, and 15 June) and also made the different patterns of dry matter accumulation of one summer type and two autumn types of soybeans at Agricultural Experiment Farm, College of Agriculture, Dankook University, Cheonan City, in 1987. [Planting date experiment] Days to emergence of four varieties were observed no difference. and, therefore, it was speculated that field observation of the difference of cold tolerence between varieties was difficult. Shortening rate of flowering clays as planting dates delayed was no different between two ecotypes, summer vs. autumn types of soybean. Summer types, DN82029-3 and ES18085-1, were observed not greater difference of days to maturity between early and late planting dates as compared with that of autumn types, Changyeobkong and Paldalkong. At late planting, summer types were observed more to hasten days to ripening due to high temperature in late growing season than that of autumn types. This caused to decrease somewhat greater rate of some yield componments, and finally yield as planting date delayed. As compared to autumn types, summer types, DN82029-3 and ES18085-1 showed longer stem height and lower airdry weight at late planting. [Dry matter accumulation pattern] Stem elongation after flowering of three varieties, DN82029-3, Changyeobkong and Danyeobkong, ranged 17 to 32 cm and increment of leaf area index 0.83-1.53. DN82029-3 reached 49 days faster in maximum total dry weight than that of autumn types, Changyeobkong and Danyeobkong. However. maximum total dry weight of DN82029-3 showed 50% to autumn types. At 15 May planting, summer type, day-neutrality, transfered faster into reproductive growth phase without enough growth of vegetative growth and also hastened ripening days, and thus lower dry matter accumulation and finally lower yield.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.447-454
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• 1987

Five soybean varieties of two early maturing; Karikei 73 and SS79168, and three late maturing; Tohoku 76, Baegunkong and Jangbaegkong, were used and evaluated in the study, Of the varieties examined, Karikei 73 was characterized by the delayed leaf senescence, To investigate the periodical trends of sugars in plant organs and their roles to the nitrogen fixing activity of root nodules, the concentrations of reducing and non-reducing sugar in root and nodules during the grain filling period were measured. The concentration of non-reducing sugar in roots was not changed up to the stage of R6 for all of the varieties but it decreased rapidly thereafter for the varieties except Karikei 73. No such rapid decrease in the concentration of non-reducing sugar in the roots was observed for Karikei 73 having the characteristics of delayed leaf senescence. The concentration of reducing sugar in the root nodules was not greatly changed for all of the varieties up to the stage of R6 regardless of the earliness of varieties but increased temporarily at R6.5 when there was a rapid decrease in ARA. The phenomenon explained the fact that nitrogen fixing activities were controlled not only by supplying sugars as the source of energy for nitrogen fixation, but also by the need for fixed nitrogen of the plant. The concentration of non-reducing sugar in root nodules also increased up to the stage of R6-R6.5 but decreased at R7, which could apply the same explanation as in the concentration of reducing sugar of the root nodules.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.80-87
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• 2009

Aiming at development of region specialized crop, this study was conducted to clarify variety and cultivation region dependent on antioxidative compounds in black soybean seeds. For this purpose two black soybean varieties (Ilpumgeomjeongkong and Cheongjakong) were cultivated in 3 different regions (Hwaseong in Gyeonggido, Naju in Jeollanamdo and Jinju in Gyeongsangnamdo) in 2004 and 2005, and harvested seeds were used for isoflavone, anthocyanin and tocopherol contents along with electron donating ability-based antioxidative activities measurements. 100 grain weight between two varieties were not significantly different, but Hwaseong district showed higher 100 grain weight compared to Jinju and Naju. Ilpumgeomjeongkong was higher total isoflavone content ($1,064.9{\mu}g/g$) compared to Cheongjakong ($801.3{\mu}g/g$) in 2004, whereas Cheongjakong showed higher in 2005 compared to Ilpumgeomjeongkong. The highest isoflavone content was obtained in Hwaseong district in 2004, whereas it is the reverse in 2005 that Jinju district showed the highest isoflavone content. In total anthocyanin content, Ilpumgeomjeongkong (7.22 mg/g) was higher than that of Cheongjakong (6.83 mg/g), and Jinju district showed the highest total anthocyanin content (9.16 mg/g) compared to Naju and Hwaseong cultivating districts in their three cultivating districts. Total tocopherol content showed no significant difference between two varieties, but Hwaseong ($217.2{\mu}g/g$) and Jinju ($216.3{\mu}g/g$) districts showed higher content compared to Naju ($189.7{\mu}g/g$) among three cultivating districts. In tocopherol content ratio, $\gamma$-tocopherol was the highest from 56.2% to 59.9%. In electron donating ability (EDA) between two cultivars, Ilpumgeomjeongkong was significantly higher than Cheongjakong, and Naju was the highest of 55.6% among three cultivating districts.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 1993

To clarify the effects of sink demand for assimilate on leaf photosynthetic rate, tissue composition, and leaf senescence of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] J plants, pod and leaf tissues were removed at growth stage $R^3$. Plant responses were measured every 10days from 2 through 42days following treatment. Leaves of depodded plants exhibited increased starch and chlorophyll contents and specific leaf weight. Stomatal resistance was also increased and leaf photosynthetic rate was reduced. Dry weight of vegetative tissues except leaves was increased by pod removal. Leaf removal resulted in a decreased starch content of leaves from 22 to 42days after treatment and that of roots at all sampling times. Specific leaf weight was decreased while leaf photosynthetic rate was increased. Stomatal resistance and chlorophyll content were little affected. Weight per seed was decreased 3.0% by leaf removal. Except for the seed, tissue protein contents were increased by pod removal but decreased by leaf removal, however, seed protein content was not affected by either. Apparent senescence was delayed by depodding. Both apparent and functional senescence were accelerated by leaf removal.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2008

Germination of soybean and growth of its sprouts should be affected by storage condition and period of seeds. The experiment was conducted to examine the effects of period stored at cold room and storage conditions on their growth and morphological characters. The seeds, cv. Pungsannamulkong, were stored at $3^{\circ}C$ for 1 or 2 years, and by the three different storage methods of indoor, cold room, or transfer of indoor to cold room. Compared to the seeds stored for 2 years, one-year seeds had higher rate in hypocotyl of longer than 7 cm, root and hypocotyl lengths, and more hypocotyl fresh weight although there was not significant difference in total fresh weight. In the storage method experiment, one-year seeds stored at cold room and by transfer of indoor to cold room showed better growth, more lateral roots and fresh weights, although only two-year seeds stored at cold room did the same response, indicating that growth of soybean was affected by period and method of seed storage.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.269-276
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• 2019

A semi-greenhouse experiment with field grown soybean (Glycine max L. cv Deawon, Uram, Jinpong, Soyon, Pungsangnamul, and Haewon) was performed in 2018. The experiment was aimed to investigate individual impacts of drought stress on soybean characteristic and seed yield. The three treatments were used in non-water stress (Control) during the soybean growth season, vegetative stage stress (VS), and flowering period stress (FS). Leaf number, LAI, leaf nitrogen concentration, and leaf biomass were decreased by drought at R4. In our study, the number of pods was 33.6% and 40.5% lower, respectively, in control than in VS and FS. In 100 seed weight, was 16.1% and 10.1% lower, respectively, in control than in VS and FS at R8. As a result, seed yield was 39.8% and 45.1% lower, respectively, in control than in VS and FS. Depending on the drought period, Daewon and Haewon showed a large decrease in yield, while Soyon did not change. The results of this study showed that flower and beginning pod setting stage responded more sensitively to the drought period than vegetative stage. Overall, these results demonstrate soybean seed yield formation more sensitive the during the flowing and beginning pod setting stage. We conclude that adequate water supply for pod setting stage, guaranteeing a high seed yield.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.639-644
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• 2012

The rancidity of soybean (Glycine max L.) from Yeonhaeju, called "Bazaz", in powder forms was evaluated through a fluorescence spectrum test (FST). The results from the FST were validated by comparing the TBA and acid values. Soybean powders were stored in 25, and $90^{\circ}C$ for 20 days. The maximum excitation and maximum emission of fluorescent compounds generated from the soybean powder during storage were observed at the 360 nm and 430-440 nm wavelengths, respectively. The mean particle size of soybean powder was maintained at $40{\mu}m$ to avoid the dependence of the reaction area during measurement. According to the FST results, lipid oxidation did not actively progress during storage at $25^{\circ}C$. The fluorescence intensity (FI) from FST on the first day of storage was not significantly different from that on the last day of storage (day 20; p < 0.05), but the FI dramatically increased at $90^{\circ}C$. A smooth increase was observed in the initial stage; then, after 11 days of storage, the FI value increased by nearly 100% compared to that on the first day. The FI values were compared with TBA and acid values that were measured under the same storage conditions. All the values at $25^{\circ}C$ showed similar patterns during storage, but at $90^{\circ}C$, the FI and acid values showed similar patterns but the TBA decreased after reaching the maximum values on storage day 12. The results demonstrated that FST may be useful for measuring the rancidity of the powder form of soybean because it does not require extraction to measure the rancidity.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 2004

Commercial value of soybean sprouts should be affected by their morphology including the lateral roots. This study was carried out to determine the effect of benzyladenopurine (BA) concentration on growth and morphology of soybean sprouts in order to compare them with the selling products collected from the markets. Four cultivars (cv. Eunhakong, Pungsannamulkong, Sowonkong, and Junjery) were cultured for 6 days after imbibed for 5 hours into different BA solutions (0, 1,2,4, and 8 ppm). On the 6th day, hypocotyl length was measured to calculate the composition rate of ＞ 7 cm (A), 4 to 7 cm (B), ＜ 4 cm (C) and non-germination (D), and the ratio of hypocotyl to root length (H/R ratio) on the base of hypocotyl length as well as lateral root, hypocotyl diameter, and fraction fresh and dry weights. The composition rates classified with hypocotyl length showed big differences between 4 cultivars in class A and C; Class A, in which cv. Sowonkong and Junjery had higher rates than cv. Eunhakong and Pungsannamulkong, was decreased with BA concentration of higher than 4 ppm, but class C showed the reverse result to class A. Any lateral root was not formed in higher than 4 ppm BA solutions although fewer in cv. Pungsannamulkong and Junjery than in the two other cultivars. Hypocotyl and root lengths were decreased with increased BA concentrations, and in all BA concentration, hypocotyl length of cv. Junjery was the longest. Hypocotyl diameter, hypocotyl and total fresh weights were thicker and heavier in 2 to 4 ppm BA concentrations than in the other ones, although in case of BA application, cv, Eunhakong and Sowonkong were heavier. The H/R ratios were increased with increased BA concentration. The ratios of nearly all the selling products ranged from 1 to 2 ppm when compared to them from our experiment.