• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.55-58
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• 2002

The effects of exogenous glucose in artificial spring water (ASW) were studied on the survival and infectivity of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. The mean percent survival of cercariae maintained in 1% glucose in ASW for 36 and 48hr was significantly greater than that of cercariae maintained identically in ASW. Cercariae maintained in ASW with or without glucose for 24hr, fixed in neutral buffered formalin, and stained in Oil Red O. showed an accumulation of neutral lipid in the tail. Cercariae maintained as described above and stained in periodic acid-Schiff exhibited depleted glycogen, mainly from the tail. Cercariae maintained in ASW with glucose for 24hr did not resynthesize glycogen. Cercariae maintained in ASW with glucose for 24hr were as capable of infecting male FVBN202 mice as were freshly emerged cercariae, and increased the percent of worm recovery. Exogeneous glucose added to ASW prolonged the survival of S. mansoni cercariae and increased infectivity in terms of worm recovery.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.191-201
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• 2017

Background: Limited availability of corn stover due to the competing uses (organic manure, animal feed, bio-materials, and bioenergy) presents a major concern for its future in the bio-economy. Furthermore, biomass research has exhibited different results due to the differences in the supply of enzymes and dissimilar analytical methods. The effect of the two leading pretreatment techniques (dilute acid and alkaline) on glucose yield from three corn stover fractions (cob, stalk, and leaf) sourced from a single harvest in Uganda were studied at temperatures 100, 120, 140, and $160^{\circ}C$ over reaction times of 5, 10, 30, and 60 min. Results: From this study, the highest glucose concentrations obtained from the dilute acid (DA) pretreated cobs, stalks, and leaves were 18.4 g/L (66.8% glucose yield), 16.2 g/L (64.1% glucose yield), and 11.0 g/L (49.5% glucose yield), respectively. The optimal pretreatment settings needed to obtain these yields from the DA pretreated samples were at a temperature of $160^{\circ}C$ over an incubation time of 30 min. The highest glucose concentrations obtained from the alkaline (AL) pretreated cobs, stalks, and leaves were 24.7 g/L (81.73% glucose yield), 21.3 g/L (81.23% glucose yield), and 15.0 g/L (51.92% glucose yield), respectively. To be able to achieve these yields, the optimal pretreatment settings for the cobs and stalks were $140^{\circ}C$ and for a retention time of 30 min, while the leaves require optimal conditions of $140^{\circ}C$ and for a retention time of 60 min. Conclusions: The study recommends that the leaves could be left on the field during harvesting since the recovery of glucose from the pretreated cobs and stalks is higher.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze the reaction of recovery for the fatigue by sports massage treatment after Taekwondo training and then to verify the effectiveness. Subject : The subjects of this study were all the 20 high school Taekwondo players divided into two groups (rest recovery group and sports massage group) selected by systematic random assignment sampling. Method : The variables were the level of hemoglobin, lactic acid and glucose, and measured at rest, immediately-after exercise and 30-minute recovery. The data from this study were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA, independent sample t-test. Results : The results are as follows ; 1. The measurement of the hemoglobin, there was not the significant differences between experiment group and control group. 2. The lactate showed lower in the experiment group than in the control group in 30-minute recovery (p<.001). 3. The glucose showed lower in the experiment group than in the control group in 30-minute recovery (p<.01). So I think the sports massage treatment is more effective in the relief of fatigue than static rest method during the recovery after sports. However the massage treatment influence on the activation of metabolism according to the intensity and the duration of sports, and vary the effect of treatment according to the method and execution time. Therefore the longitudinal investigation of the variation by the long time massage through the more detailed program must be requisite for us.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.401-409
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of static recovery and dynamic recovery methods on heart rate, blood lactic acid concentration, and blood glucose during recovery after walking at the speed of 80bpm and 130+30bpm upon trekking of forest slopes in Taejo Mountain in Cheonan. 9 men in their 20s and 30s who had no abnormality in walking was subject to this experience. The result of through static recovery and dynamic recovery methods while trekking at the speed of 80bpm and 130+30bpm were analyzed by two-way repeated ANOVA. When there was a significant difference, the repeated method of contrast was applied to compare and analyze. The heart rate at 80bpm condition was significantly different depending on the method(p=.008) and time(p=.000) and there was no significant difference in blood lactic acid concentration for the recovery method(p=.401), but there was a significant difference depending on the time(p=.000). Blood glucose did not show significant difference according to the recovery method(p=.093), and there was significant difference depending on the time of static recovery method(p=.002). The heart rate in 130bpm + 30bpm condition was significantly different depending on to the method(p=.002) and time(p=.000), blood lactic acid concentration was significantly different depending on the method(p=.001) and time(p=.000), and blood glucose concentration was not significantly different between the time(p=090) and the method(p=.721).

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.78-90
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• 2012

Soybean hull is an attractive feedstock for glucose production. To increase the glucose conversion in acid hydrolysis, a pretreatment method combined steam explosion with alkali pretreatment for soybean hull was studied. For first step pretreatment, steam explosion conditions (log Ro 2.45) were optimized to obtain maximum solid recovery and cellulose content. In the second step pretreatment, the conditions for potassium hydroxide pretreatment of steam exploded soybean hull were optimized by using RSM (response surface methodology). The optimum conditions for minimum lignin content were determined to be 0.6% potassium hydroxide concentration, $70^{\circ}C$ reaction temperature and 198 min reaction time. The predicted lignin content was 2.2% at the optimum conditions. Experimental verification of the optimum conditions gave the lignin content in similar value with the estimated value of the model. Finally, glucose conversion of pretreated soybean hull using acid hydrolysis resulted in $97.1{\pm}0.4%$. This research of two-step pretreatment was a promising method for increasing the glucose conversion in the cellulose-to-glucose process.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.36-38
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• 2003

The effect of different feeding ratios of concentrate to roughage on ruminal lipid synthesis in vitro was examined. Three sheep fitted with a rumen fistula were fed three different ratios (8:2, 4:6 and 0:10) of concentrate and roughage, and their rumen liquor were used for incubation. $^{13}C$-labeled glucose or sodium acetate as substrate was added to cultures of rumen liquor, and they were incubated for 6 h. The total lipid in the culture of the rumen liquor was extracted, and the percentage of $^{13}C$ excess was analyzed. The percentage of $^{13}C$ excess recovered when incubated with glucose increased with increased ratio of concentrate in the diet. The values of cultures incubated with glucose were higher than those incubated with sodium acetate except the roughage-only feeding. In the roughage-only diet, the percentage of $^{13}C$ excess when incubated with sodium acetate was highest of all diets. The recovery percentage of $^{13}C$ from glucose increased with increased ratio of concentrate. The recovery percentage of $^{13}C$ from sodium acetate addition in only roughage feeding was highest among the three diets. The recovery percentage of $^{13}C$ from glucose was markedly higher than that of sodium acetate addition in all feedings. The results indicate that high concentrate feeding facilitates lipid synthesis by rumen microorganisms, and that glucose may be the precursor for lipid synthesis rather than acetic acid.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.366-366
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• 1998

To investigate the effect of Ssanghwatang and Ssanghwatang-mixed-Paedoksan on the recovery of exercise induced fatigue, we observed content changes of lactate, LDH, glucose, FFA as metabolic substance in the serum of rats administered these drugs just after adn 120 minutes after maximum swimming,. The results were obtained as follows: 1. Lactate was found to be decreased in the rats with administration of Ssanghwatang and Ssanghwatang-Mixed-Paedoksan, 2. serum LDH activity was found to be decreased in the rats with administration of Ssanghwatang-Mixed-Paedoksan, 3. glucose was found to be increased in the rats with adiministation of Ssanghwatang-Mixed-Paedoksan, 4. FFA was found to be decreased in the rats with administation of Ssanghwatang and Ssanghwatang-Mixed-Paedoksan,.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.336-372
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• 1998

To investigate the effect of Ssanghwatang and Ssanghwatang-mixed-Paedoksan on the recovery of exercise induced fatigue, we observed content changes of lactate, LDH, glucose, FFA as metabolic substance in the serum of rats administered these drugs just after adn 120 minutes after maximum swimming,. The results were obtained as follows: 1. Lactate was found to be decreased in the rats with administration of Ssanghwatang and Ssanghwatang-Mixed-Paedoksan, 2. serum LDH activity was found to be decreased in the rats with administration of Ssanghwatang-Mixed-Paedoksan, 3. glucose was found to be increased in the rats with adiministation of Ssanghwatang-Mixed-Paedoksan, 4. FFA was found to be decreased in the rats with administation of Ssanghwatang and Ssanghwatang-Mixed-Paedoksan,.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1 s.31
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• pp.361-373
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• 1996

An attempt was made to study the effects of dangguibohyultang and Ssangbohwan on the muscle recovery from exhaustion after severe exercise. Before rats were given severe swimming exercise, Dangguibohyultang and Ssangbohwan were admisterd. Then, the blood lactate level, the serum activities of LDH, CPK and the serum levels of FFA and glucose were measured. The results were as follows; 1. The level of the blood lactate were significantly decreased in the group of Dangguibohyultang. 2. The activities of serum LDH were significantly decreased in the groups of Dangguibohyultang and Ssangbohwan. 3. The activities of serum CPK were significantly decreased in the groups of Dangguibohyultang and Ssangbohwan. 4. The levels of serum FFA were significantly decreased in the groups of Dangguibohyultang. 5. The levels of serum glucose were significantly increased in the groups of Dangguibohyultang and Ssangbohwan. According to the above results, it is concluded that Dangguibohyultang was more effective on the muscle recovery than Ssangbohwan in rats.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1 s.65
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• pp.36-46
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• 2006

Objectives : Ginseng Research Group in Korea Food Research Institute developed Saeng Mac San (KFRI-2)and Je Ho Tang (KFRI-3) with their sensory factors more acceptable. And we examined their effects on the short-term recovery capacity for cycling exercise (EX) maintained to all-out. Methods : Seven healthy young subjects (aged $24.0{\pm}2.1yr$) were volunteered at this double blind test. Each of KFRI-2, 3, a commercial sport beverage and control (CON) was offered randomly on a series of EX protocol including 65% VO2max-90min EX (D-ride). 1h-recovery and 85% VO2max EX to all-out (P-ride) under the control of their heart rate (HR) and rating perception of exertion (RPE). Blood samples were collected before D-ride, 30, 60 and 90min in D-ride, 30 and 60min in the recovery period and each 10min in P-ride. Plasma analysis items were glucose, insulin, cortisol (CORT), testosterone (TEST), free fatty acid (FFA), $Na^+$, Cl-and $K^+$. The collected data (Means${\pm}$SE) were analysed by two-way ANOVA and statistically significant differences between treatments (p<0.05) by LSD.; the significant level in FFA, $Na^+$, Cl-and $Na^+$ was p<0.01 Results : At 30min during recovery. plasma glucose level in KFRI-3 was significantly higher than CON, and also insulin in KFRI-3 was than CON and KFRI-2. FFA in KFRI-3 was significantly lower than CON during recovery. $Na^+$ in KFRI-3 significantly higher than CON at 90min in D-ride, and also KFRI-2 was at 60min during recovery. However CORT, TEST, Cl-and $Na^+$ in treated beverages were not significant. KFRI-2, 3 elevated the time for P-ride more than CON did. Conclusions : KFRI-2, 3 elevated the time for P-ride about 12% more than CON did. It is based on rapid recovery of plasma glucose level and inhibition of lipolysis during recovery.