• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.528-534
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• 1995

This investigation was aimed at the study of the antidiabetic activity and effect on hepatic glutathione metabolism of polysaccharide from Trichosanthes kirilowii in hyperglycemic rats with aboxan (175 mg/Kg, i.p.). As the results, the polysaccharide inhibited the increase of blood glucose, triglyceride level and lactate dehydrogenase activity, but cholesterol not changed. And it increased protein bound-SH, nonprotein bound-SH, glutathione level and inhibited the decrease of glutathione S-transferase.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.536-542
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• 2007

The responses of whole body protein and glucose kinetics and of nitrogen (N) metabolism to non-protein energy intake (NPEI) were determined using an isotope dilution approach and measurement of N balance in three adult male goats. The diets containing 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 times ME maintenance requirement, with fixed intake of CP (1.5 times maintenance) and percentage of hay (33%), were fed twice daily for each 21 d experimental period. After an adaptation period of 11 d, N balance was determined over 3 d. On day 17, whole body protein synthesis (WBPS) and glucose irreversible loss rate (ILR) were determined during the absorptive state by a primed-continuous infusion of [$^2H_5$]phenylalanine, [$^2H_2$]tyrosine, [$^2H_4$]tyrosine and [$^{13}C_6$]glucose, with simultaneous measurements of plasma concentrations of metabolites and insulin. Ruminal characteristics were also measured at 6 h after feeding over 3 d. Nitrogen retention tended to increase (p<0.10) with increasing NPEI, although digestible N decreased linearly (p<0.05). Increasing NPEI decreased (p<0.01) ammonia N concentration, but increased acetate (p<0.05) and propionate (p<0.05) concentrations in the rumen. Despite decreased plasma urea N concentration (p<0.01), increased plasma tyrosine concentration (p<0.05), and trends toward increased plasma total amino N (p<0.10) and phenylalanine concentrations (p<0.10) were found in response to increasing NPEI. Increasing NPEI increased ILR of both glucose (p<0.01) and phenylalanine (p<0.05), but did not affect ($p{\geq}0.10$) that of tyrosine. Whole body protein synthesis increased (p<0.05) in response to increasing NPEI, resulting from increased utilization rate for protein synthesis (p<0.05) and unchanged hydroxylation rate of phenylalanine ($p{\geq}0.10$). These results suggest that increasing NPEI may enhance WBPS and glucose turnover at the absorptive state and improve the efficiency of digestible N retention in goats, with possibly decreased ammonia and increased amino acid absorption. In addition, simultaneous increases in WBPS and glucose ILR suggest stimulatory effect of glucose availability on WBPS, especially when sufficient amino acid is supplied.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.5 s.85
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• pp.687-693
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• 2007

Insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I) has significant insulin-like anabolic effects which include the stimulation of glucose and amino acid uptake, as well as protein and glycogen synthesis. IGFs exist in serum and other biological fluids as complexes bound to a family of structurally related insulin-like growth factor binding proteins(IGFBPs). Six human IGFBPs can modulate the effects of IGFs on target tissues by several mechanisms, including altering the serum's half-life and the transcapillary transport of IGFs, as well as changing the availability of IGFs to specific cell surface receptors. Human fibroblasts secrete IGFBPs that can modify IGF-I action. Previous to our study using either Northern blotting, and Western blotting have shown that fibroblasts express mRNA IGFBP-3, -4, and -5, and synthesize these proteins. In addition, fibroblast cell lysates revealed that the IGFBP-3 was most abundant. For these reasons, we undertook to gain further insight into the effects of high and low glucose incubation condition on metabolism and IGFBP-3 expression. In results of metabolites and IGFBP-3 expression in GM10 cells cultivated with various glucose concentration, the consumption of glucose and accumulation of triglyceride were increased in condition of high glucose, and total protein level was decreased. in the course of time. After 5 days incubation, levels of free amino acid in medium containing glucose of high concentration glucose were higher than in conditions of low glucose. Although the levels of IGFBP-3 protein and mRNA levels were increased in low glucose, and IGFBP-3 was not affected by any pretense. Taken together, we suggest that the study of growth factors, like IGFs, might be a possible model of diabetes militus in cell, although the results in cell models were not in accord with in vivo.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.144-149
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was evaluated physiological activity of processed sulfur with Cordyceps militaris mycelium. Effect of blood glucose levels and lipid metabolism on streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats. To evaluate of hypoglycemic effects in vivo, we examined blood glucose levels, serum lipid profile and hepatotoxicity of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Hypoglycemic effect of CM, CM+PSL and CM+PSH groups was significantly higher than DC groups. The activities of ALT, AST and ALP in CM+PSH group were lower than DC, PC groups. These results suggested that processed sulfur with Cordyceps militaris mycelium have activities of hypoglycemic effects.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.443-450
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• 2013

Effects of newly developed functional rice grains Goami (high-amylose rice) and Nokwon (green-kerneled rice) on the glucose metabolism and antioxidative defense system in C57BL/6N mice under high fat diet condition were investigated. Animals were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8) and given experimental diets for eight weeks: normal control diet (NC), high fat diet (HF), and high fat diet supplemented with white rice (HF-WR), Goami rice (HF-GR), and Nokwon rice (HF-NR). At the end of the experimental period, the HF group exhibited markedly higher blood glucose level, insulin concentration, plasma lipid peroxidation and lower hepatic glycogen concentration than that exhibited by NC group. However, diet supplementation of Goami and Nokwon suppressed the high fat diet-induced hyperglycemia and oxidative stress through inhibition of the glucose-regulating enzymes and enhancement of the antioxidant enzymes activities. The results illustrate that the new functional rice Goami and Nokwon may be useful in the development of functional foods with preventive effect against high fat diet-induced hyperglycemia and oxidative stress.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.258-266
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary zinc on the carbohydrate metabolism and the serum content of magnesium and chromium in rats fed normal diet. Animals were divided into three groups by different dietary zinc levels which were low(15ppm), normal(30ppm) or high(60ppm). Serum glucose and Insulin concentrations were assessed by the glucose method and the radio immuno assay respectively. Serum zinc. magnesium and chromium contents were measured by Indectively Coupled Plasma(ICP). Results of the study were as follows : 1. Feed intake in a zinc deficiency group was significantly higher than that in other group, but the weight gain in high zinc diet group was significantly lower than in other groups. 2. There were no significant differences in liver, kidney and spleen weight. 3. Serum glucose, insulin and zinc concentrations were not significantly different among different dietary zinc groups, However serum magnesium and chromium concentrations were significantly decreased as the level of dietary zinc was increased.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1 s.69
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• pp.211-223
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the effects of Rhizoma Arisaematis water extract on lipid and glucose metabolism and histochemical change of obese rats. Methods and materials : 10 rats were divided into normal, control and RA (Rhizoma Arisaematis) groups. We fed the control group a high-fat diet and administered normal saline for 8 weeks. We fed the experimental group of rats a high-fat diet and administered an extract of Rhizoma Arisaematis for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed to determine their chemical composition. The groups were examined for effects on blood serum lipids, blood sugar, blood insulin concentration and epididymal fat cells. Results : 1. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and glucose of the RA group decreased compared with those of the control group. These decreased rates were significant(P<0.05). 2. Serum LDL-cholesterol, total lipid, free fatty acid and the average size of epididymal fat cells of the RA group decreased compared with those of the control group. These decreased rates were significant(p<0.01). Conclusions : These results suggest that RA may be used to prevent or cure the obesity iniduced by a high-fat diet.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 1965

1. In the tortoise, Amyda japonica, a cold-blooded animal readily available in this country, the role of catecholamines in the regulation of free fatty acids(FFA) metabolism was investigated in both in vivo and in vitro studies. 2. Norepinephrine elevated both FFA and glucose levels in plasma. 3. When $50{\mu}g/kg$ of Epinephrine, Norepinephrine and Isopropylarterenol were administered intravenously, the relative effectiveness of mobilizing FFA was in the descending order of potency-Epinephrine, Norepinephrine and Isopropylarterenol. 4. In order to exclude the 'tonic influence of the endogenous catecholamines', reserpine was given to some animals. Two days after the reserpine-treatment, glucose showed a significant increase over the solely vehicle treated controls, FFA but an insignificant one. Excised auricles from those animals showed a diminished response to tyramine. Seven days after the treatment, however, when the depletion of catecholamines from the tissue stores seemed to be complete, judged from the absence of the response of isolated auricles to tyramine, both FFA and glucose levels were definitely lowered. 5. In in vitro experiments Epinephrine enhanced the FFA-release from the adipose tissue. The effect increased proportionately with the concentration until a maximal effect was attained at a concentration of 1x $10^5$ g/ml. 6. The order of potency in releasing FFA from adipose tissue in vitro was the same as in vitro, i.e., Epinephrine, Norepinephrine and Isopropylarterenol, but the differences were much less marked. 7. Ergotamine exerted no lipolytic action, but inhibited the lipolytic effect ef Epinephrine significantly. 8. Nethalide showed a slight lipolytic effect per se but inhibited the Epinephrine-induced lipolysis significantly. 9. Catecholamines play an important role in regulating FFA metabolism in the cold-blooded animal, just as in the warm-blooded animals, and the tortoise, Amyda japonica, may be used in the studies of fat metabolism as well as the rat.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.17
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• pp.7015-7019
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• 2014

Metabolism lies at the heart of cell biology. The metabolism of cancer cells is significantly different from that of their normal counterparts during tumorigenesis and progression. Elevated glucose metabolism is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells, even under aerobic conditions. The Warburg effect not only allows cancer cells to meet their high energy demands and supply biological materials for anabolic processes including nucleotide and lipid synthesis, but it also minimizes reactive oxygen species production in mitochondria, thereby providing a growth advantage for tumors. Indeed, the mitochondria also play a more essential role in tumor development. As information about the numorous microRNAs has emerged, the importance of metabolic phenotypes mediated by microRNAs in cancer is being increasingly emphasized. However, the consequences of dysregulation of Warburg effect and mitochondrial metabolism modulated by microRNAs in tumor initiation and progression are still largely unclear.

• 대한치과보철학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.33-33
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• 1999