• Title/Summary/Keyword: Glucan

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Enhancement of Immune Activities of Ganoderma lucidum Mycelium Cultured with Garlic Enriched Medium (마늘 첨가 복합배지에서 배양된 영지 균사체의 면역 증진 효과)

  • Mun, Hyoung-Chul;Lee, Hyun-Soo;Park, Jin-Hong;Kim, Dae-Ho;Lee, Shin-Young;Seong, Nak-Sul;Bang, Jin-Ki;Jung, Hae-Gon;Lee, Hyeon-Yong
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.24-30
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    • 2004
  • The immune activities of Ganoderma lucidum Mycelium added garlic extracts (GAM), Ganoderma lucidum Mycelium (GM), garlic extracts (GS) and standard $({\beta}-glucan)$ were compared. GAM enhanced the growth of human immune T cell up to $1.25{\sim}1.46$ times, compared to control group. GAM showed relatively lower cytotoxicity in using normal human lung cell, while GAM showed the most potent inhibitory effect on the human lung carcinoma, compared to GM and GS. The selectivity of GAM was also higher than that of GM and GS. GAM increased the secretion of cytokines, IL-6 and TNF- from human B cell as well as the growth of human immune cells. It can imply that GAM has higher immune activity than GM or GS.

In vivo Growth Inhibition of Sarcoma-180 Cells by a β-Glucan from the Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (영지(Ganoderma lucidum)의 β-Glucan에 의한 Sarcoma-180 육종암 생장 억제)

  • Han, Man-Deuk;Kim, Yong Hyun;Kim, Wan Jong
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.24 no.7
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    • pp.721-727
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    • 2014
  • Mushroom-derived ${\beta}$-glucan, a polysaccharide (GLP) isolated from the mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum, was previously shown to have inhibitory effects against tumor-bearing mice in vivo. We investigated the apoptotic effect of mushroom-derived ${\beta}$-glucan in a sarcoma-180 tumor cell- bearing mice model using an ELISA to determine the levels of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) in the mice. The morphology of the tumor cells was assessed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). GLP was injected into the tumor-bearing mice at a dose (i.p.) of 20 mg/kg for 10 days. After 30 days, the tumor mass from the inguinal region was collected, weighed, and assayed using TEM and a TNF-${\alpha}$ ELISA kit. The tumors that developed in the mice treated with GLP were 71.4% smaller than those in the control group, showing the ability of GLP to inhibit tumor growth. The levels of TNF-${\alpha}$ in the serum of the sarcoma-180 bearing mice were 12 times greater than in the serum of the nonbearing tumor mice. An ultrastructural study demonstrated that the GLP-treated sarcoma-180 tumor cells were condensed, with rearranged chromatin. In addition, the marginated chromatin in nucleus induced the nuclear compartment, and there were many vacuolization in the cell. GLP could be an effective apoptosis-inducing compound in sarcoma-type cancers.

Bioconversion Strategy in Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass upon Various Pretreatment Methods using Sulfuric Acid and Aqueous Ammonia (황산과 암모니아를 이용한 목질계 바이오매스의 전처리 공정에 따른 당화 및 발효공정 전략)

  • Cayetano, Roent Dune;Kim, Tae Hyun;Um, Byung-Hwan
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.52 no.1
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    • pp.45-51
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    • 2014
  • This is to study the effects of various pretreatment methods of agricultural residue, corn stover, and to compare the feature and pros and cons of each method including dilute sulfuric acid (DSA), soaking in aqueous ammonia (SAA), and ammonia recycle percolation (ARP). In order to convert corn stover to ethanol, various pretreatments followed by simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) were tested and evaluated in terms of ethanol yield. With 3%, w/w of glucan loading using ARP-, DSA-, and SAA-treated solids, SSCFs using recombinant E. coli strain (ATCC$^{(R)}$ 55124) with commercial enzymes (15 FPU of Spezyme CP/g-glucan and 30 CBU/g-glucan enzyme loading) were tested. In the SSCF tests, 87, 90, and 78% of theoretical maximum ethanol yield were observed using ARP-, DSA-, and SAA-treated solids, respectively, which were 69, 58, and 74% on the basis of total carbohydrates (glucan + xylan) in the untreated corn stover. Ethanol yield of SAA-treated solid was higher than those of ARP- and DSA-treated solids. In addition, SSCF test using treated solids plus pretreated hydrolysate indicated that the DSA-treated hydrolysate showed the strongest inhibition effect on the KO11 strain, whereas the ARP-treated hydrolysate was found to have the second strongest inhibition effect. Bioconversion scheme using SAA pretreatment and SSCF can make the downstream process simple, which is suggested to produce ethanol economically because utilization of hemicellulose in the hydrolysate is not necessary.

THE EFFECT OF FRUCTOSE ON THE METABOLISM OF SUCROSE BY STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS (Streptococcus mutans의 자당 대사에 미치는 과당의 영향)

  • Shim Jig-Hyeon;Vang Mong-Sook;Yang Hong-So;Park Sang-Won;Park Ha-Ok;Oh Jong-Suk;Lee Jai-Bong
    • The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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    • v.44 no.1
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    • pp.124-134
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    • 2006
  • Statement of problem: Streptococcus produces energy and forms extracellular polysaccharides by metabolizing sucrose. Insoluble glucan, a kind of extracellular polysaccharide, is the important material of dental plaque. Fructose affects the metabolism of sucrose. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of fructose on the metabolism of sucrose in Streptococcus mutans. Materials and methods: To determine the effect of fructose on the formation of artificial plaque by Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt, S. mutans and fructose were placed in beakers containing M17 broth and sucrose. The wires were hung on frameworks inserted into cork stoppers, and then immersed in each of the beakers. After the incubation with gentle shaking, each wire was weighed. To analyze the effect of fructose on the sucrose metabolism by S. mutans or glucosyltransferase, S. mutans and fructose were placed in M17 broth containing sucrose. After the incubation. the remaining sucrose and polymers were analysed by thin layer chromatography. Results: The following results were obtained; 1. When Streptococcus mutans was cultured in the media containing 3% sucrose for 8 hours, the mean weight of formed artificial plaque on the wires was $124.3{\pm}3.0mg$, whereas being reduced to $20.7{\pm}10.2mg$ in the media added with 3% sucrose and 4% fructose(p<0.05) 2. When the control containing glucose was added with sucrose, the optical density of Streptococcus mutans solution cultured for 24 hours was not increased compared with the control, while being increased by adding with fructose. 3. When Streptococcus mutans was incubated in the media added with sucrose and fructose for 8 hours, the number of viable cells was increased compared with the media added with sucrose. 4. The amount of remained sucrose was increased in Streptococcus mutans culture supernatant of media added with sucrose and fructose than with sucrose only. but the amount of produced insoluble glucan was decreased. 5. The amounts of remained sucrose and produced soluble glucan were increased in the culture of glucosyltransferase-contained media added with sucrose and fructose than with sucrose only, but the amount of produced insoluble glucan was decreased . Conclusion: These results indicated that the sucrose metabolism and the production of insoluble glucan were inhibited in Streptococcus mutans by adding fructose in the media containing sucrose.

A 4 week Randomized, Double-blind Human Trial to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Aureobasidium pullulans Cultured Solution and Placebo on Improvement of Immune in Subjects (흑효모배양액 분말의 면역관련 사이토카인에 미치는 영향에 대한 무작위 배정 임상연구)

  • Choi, Hae-Yun;Kim, Jong-Dae;Park, Mee-Yeon
    • Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.83-91
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    • 2009
  • $\beta$-glucan is a fiber-type complex sugar (polysaccharide) derived from the cell wall of baker's yeast, oat and barley fiber, and many medicinal mushrooms, such as maitake. The primary uses of $\beta$-glucan are to enhance the immune system, to lower blood cholesterol levels and to treat tumor. $\beta$-glucan has no systemic toxicity in mice, therefore it needed clinical trail to prove efficacy and safety for human. The subjects total 56 healty volunteers were divided into two groups including taken $\beta$-glucan tablet group and placebo group. Subjects were taken two tablets per oral for 4 weeks. They had agreed to take part in this experiment, and didn't take any other clinical trail products. After 4 weeks blood of subjects were checked. The check list are TNF-$\alpha$, INF-$\gamma$, IL-2, IL-4, total WBC, differential WBC, RBC, hemoglobin, platelet, MCV, MCH, MCHC, HCT, Na, K, Ca, Cl, AST, ALT, ALP, $\gamma$-GTP, total protein, triglyceride, total cholesterol, total bilirubin, albumin, uric acid, creatinine, BUN, pH, protein, glucose, ketone body, blood, bilirubin. We evaluated efficacy by cytokines that compare before and after taking. Collected data were analyzed as two sample t-test, chi-square test and ANOVA using SAS V.9.1.This study results are that in TNF-$\alpha$ of $1^{st}$ efficacy measurement item, all of two groups figure were increased significantly compare to before figure. In IL4 of $2^{nd}$ efficacy measurement item, experimental group figure were decreased significantly but placebo group figure were increased. The conclusions show that based on the above results, $\beta$-glucan has favorable effect to enhance immune system, especially IL4 results showed that it has effect to improve the allergic immune system.

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Optimization of extraction conditions for functional ingredients from Tremella fuciformis Berk. using response surface methodology (반응표면분석법을 이용한 흰목이버섯의 기능성 성분 추출 조건 최적화)

  • Hong, Min;Choi, Da-Hye;Han, Joon-Hee;Kwon, Tae-Hyung;Lee, Sun-Yeop;Lee, Yong-Jin;Yu, Keun-Hyung
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.372-379
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    • 2020
  • Snow fungus (Tremella fuciformis) with functional contents has satisfactory effects on various diseases, including atherosclerosis, high cholesterol, healthy skin, cancer, diabetes, and anti-inflammation. In this study, the extraction yield and functional contents (ergothioneine and 𝛽-glucan) of white jelly fungus were compared based on the extraction conditions using response surface methodology. Results revealed the extraction conditions for optimization of the dependent variables to be 60℃ and 4.33 h, when 16.6 mg/mL of sample concentration was used. Under these conditions, the extraction yield was 24.9%, including ergothioneine (66.8 ㎍/g) and 𝛽-glucan (34.9 g/100 g). These results can be useful in understanding the functional ingredients and mass extraction process in mushroom.

The inhibitory Effects of Plant extracts on Sfrepfoceccus mulans and Glucosyltransferase (식물추출물에 의한 Streptococcus mutams의 생육 및 glucosyltransferase저해효과)

  • 박원재;이형재
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.39-47
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    • 1991
  • Dental caries has been reported to be infectious disease by Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans). The ability of S. mutans to produce dental plaque has been shown to be related to glucan synthesis from sucrose by glucosyltransferase (GTase). Glucan is known to play an important role in the initiation of smooth surface caries. For preventing dental caries by traditional medicines, two hundred kinds of natural products were assayed for inhibiting activity against S. mutans and GTase. During the assay course, we chose some active plants against S. mutans and GTase and then applied these plant extracts to toothpaste.

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어류 면역 증강을 위한 보리겨의 beta-glucan의 추출 및 이화학적 특성 조사

  • 김선영;유정희;구재근
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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    • 2002.10a
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    • pp.124-125
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    • 2002
  • 현재 수산 양식업계에서는 질병에 대한 치료 또는 예방 효과가 있는 기능성 물질에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있다. 서구 여러 국가에서 지대한 관심을 모으고 있는 다당류인 “$\beta$-glucan” 은 숙주의 면역 활성을 향상시키는 기능을 이용하여 양식 어류의 사료에 혼합하여 양식어에 공급함으로써 화학 항생물질 및 항균 물질의 대체효과도 기대하고 있으며 그 생산성도 향상시키고 있다. (중략)

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