• 제목/요약/키워드: Global minimum

검색결과 591건 처리시간 0.032초

VSS 이론을 활용한 최소위상 비선형 시스템에 대한 강인성연구 (Robust Nonlinear Control for Minimum Phase Dynamic System by Using VSS)

  • 임규만;양명섭
    • 융합신호처리학회논문지
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.95-100
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    • 2001
  • 본 논문에서는 불확실성을 갖는 비선형 시스템에 제어기를 설계하기 위해서 출력제환 선형화 방법을 통하여 비선형 시스템을 선형시스템으로 변환하고 슬라이딩 모드 제어기법을 사용하여 파라미터들을 갱신하고 이를 통하여 제어입력을 갱신하는 강인성제어기를 제안하고자 한다. 비선형시스템은 최소 위상시스템이고, 시스템의 상대차수는 r<n 이며, 제로 다이나믹스는 안정하다고 가정한다. 제안된 제어기에 대해서 대역적 점근적 안정도가 보장됨을 보였으며, 제안된 제어기에 대해서 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통하여 타당성을 검증하였다.

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Optimization of modular Truss-Z by minimum-mass design under equivalent stress constraint

  • Zawidzki, Machi;Jankowski, Lukasz
    • Smart Structures and Systems
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    • 제21권6호
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    • pp.715-725
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    • 2018
  • Truss-Z (TZ) is an Extremely Modular System (EMS). Such systems allow for creation of structurally sound free-form structures, are comprised of as few types of modules as possible, and are not constrained by a regular tessellation of space. Their objective is to create spatial structures in given environments connecting given terminals without self-intersections and obstacle-intersections. TZ is a skeletal modular system for creating free-form pedestrian ramps and ramp networks. The previous research on TZ focused on global discrete geometric optimization of the spatial configuration of modules. This paper reports on the first attempts at structural optimization of the module for a single-branch TZ. The internal topology and the sizing of module beams are subject to optimization. An important challenge is that the module is to be universal: it must be designed for the worst case scenario, as defined by the module position within a TZ branch and the geometric configuration of the branch itself. There are four variations of each module, and the number of unique TZ configurations grows exponentially with the branch length. The aim is to obtain minimum-mass modules with the von Mises equivalent stress constrained under certain design load. The resulting modules are further evaluated also in terms of the typical structural criterion of compliance.

Global Positioning System Total Electron Content Variation over King Sejong Station in Antarctic under the Solar Minimum Condition Between 2005 and 2009

  • Chung, Jong-Kyun;Jee, Geon-Hwa;Lee, Chi-Na
    • Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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    • 제28권4호
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    • pp.305-310
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    • 2011
  • The total electron content (TEC) using global positioning system (GPS) is analyzed to see the characteristics of ionosphere over King Sejong station (KSJ, geographic latitude $62^{\circ}13'S$, longitude $58^{\circ}47'W$, corrected geomagnetic latitude $48^{\circ}S$) in Antarctic. The GPS operational ratio during the observational period between 2005 and 2009 is 90.1%. The annual variation of the daily mean TEC decreases from January 2005 to February 2009, but increase from the June 2009. In summer (December-February), the seasonal mean TEC values have the maximum of 26.2 ${\pm}$ 2.4 TEC unit (TECU) in 2005 and the minimum of 16.5 ${\pm}$ 2.8 TECU in 2009, and the annual differences decrease from 3.0 TECU (2005-2006) to 1.4 TECU (2008-2009). However, on November 2010, it significantly increases to 22.3 ${\pm}$ 2.8 TECU which is up to 5.8 TECU compared with 2009 in summer. In winter (June-August), the seasonal mean TEC slightly decreases from 13.7 ${\pm}$ 4.5 TECU in 2005 to 8.9 ${\pm}$ 0.6 TECU in 2008, and the annual difference is constantly about 1.6 TECU, and increases to 10.3 ${\pm}$ 1.8 TECU in 2009. The annual variations of diurnal amplitude show the seasonal features that are scattered in summer and the enhancements near equinoxes are apparent in the whole years. In contrast, the semidiurnal amplitudes show the disturbed annual peaks in winter and its enhancements near equinoxes are unapparent. The diurnal phases are not constant in winter and show near 12 local time (LT). The semidiurnal phases have a seasonal pattern between 00 LT and 06 LT. Consequently, the KSJ GPS TEC variations show the significant semidiurnal variation in summer from December to February under the solar minimum between 2005 and 2009. The feature is considered as the Weddell Sea anomaly of larger nighttime electron density than a daytime electron density that has been observed around the Antarctica peninsula.

한반도 상공의 오존층 변화 1985~2009 (The Variations of Stratospheric Ozone over the Korean Peninsula 1985~2009)

  • 박상서;김준;조나영;이윤곤;조희구
    • 대기
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    • 제21권4호
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    • pp.349-359
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    • 2011
  • The climatology in stratospheric ozone over the Korean Peninsula, presented in previous studies (e.g., Cho et al., 2003; Kim et al., 2005), is updated by using daily and monthly data from satellite and ground-based data through December 2009. In addition, long-term satellite data [Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), 1979~2009] have been also analyzed in order to deduce the spatial distributions and temporal variations of the global total ozone. The global average of total ozone (1979~2009) is 298 DU which shows a minimum of about 244 DU in equatorial latitudes and increases poleward in both hemispheres to a maximum of about 391 DU in Okhotsk region. The recent period, from 2006 to 2009, shows reduction in total ozone by 6% relative to the values for the pre-1980s (1979~1982). The long-term trends were estimated by using a multiple linear regression model (e.g., WMO, 1999; Cho et al., 2003) including explanatory variables for the seasonal variation, Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) and solar cycle over three different time intervals: a whole interval from 1979 to 2009, the former interval from 1979 to 1992, and the later interval from 1993 to 2009 with a turnaround point of deep minimum in 1993 is related to the effect of Mt. Pinatubo eruption. The global trend shows -0.93% $decade^{-1}$ for the whole interval, whereas the former and the later interval trends amount to -2.59% $decade^{-1}$ and +0.95% $decade^{-1}$, respectively. Therefore, the long-term total ozone variations indicate that there are positive trends showing a recovery sign of the ozone layer in both North/South hemispheres since around 1993. Annual mean total ozone (1985~2009) is distributed from 298 DU for Jeju ($33.52^{\circ}N$) to 352 DU for Unggi ($42.32^{\circ}N$) in almost zonally symmetric pattern over the Korean Peninsula, with the latitudinal gradient of 6 DU $degree^{-1}$. It is apparent that seasonal variability of total ozone increases from Jeju toward Unggi. The annual mean total ozone for Seoul shows 323 DU, with the maximum of 359 DU in March and the minimum of 291 DU in October. It is found that the day to day variability in total ozone exhibits annual mean of 5.7% in increase and -5.2% in decrease. The variability as large as 38.4% in increase and 30.3% in decrease has been observed, respectively. The long-term trend analysis (e.g., WMO, 1999) of monthly total ozone data (1985~2009) merged by satellite and ground-based measurements over the Korean Peninsula shows increase of 1.27% $decade^{-1}$ to 0.80% $decade^{-1}$ from Jeju to Unggi, respectively, showing systematic decrease of the trend magnitude with latitude. This study also presents a new analysis of ozone density and trends in the vertical distribution of ozone for Seoul with data up to the end of 2009. The mean vertical distributions of ozone show that the maximum value of the ozone density is 16.5 DU $km^{-1}$ in the middle stratospheric layer between 24 km and 28 km. About 90.0% and 71.5% of total ozone are found in the troposphere and in the stratosphere between 15 and 33 km, respectively. The trend analysis reconfirms the previous results of significant positive ozone trend, of up to 5% $decade^{-1}$, in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere (0~24 km), with negative trend, of up to -5% $decade^{-1}$, in the stratosphere (24~38 km). In addition, the Umkehr data show a positive trend of about 3% $decade^{-1}$ in the upper stratosphere (38~48 km).

EXPLICIT BOUNDS FOR THE TWO-LEVEL PRECONDITIONER OF THE P1 DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN METHOD ON RECTANGULAR MESHES

  • Kim, Kwang-Yeon
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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    • 제13권4호
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    • pp.267-280
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    • 2009
  • In this paper we investigate a simple two-level additive Schwarz preconditioner for the P1 symmetric interior penalty Galerkin method of the Poisson equation on rectangular meshes. The construction is based on the decomposition of the global space of piecewise linear polynomials into the sum of local subspaces, each of which corresponds to an element of the underlying mesh, and the global coarse subspace consisting of piecewise constants. This preconditioner is a direct combination of the block Jacobi iteration and the cell-centered finite difference method, and thus very easy to implement. Explicit upper and lower bounds for the maximum and minimum eigenvalues of the preconditioned matrix system are derived and confirmed by some numerical experiments.

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전동기 시스템의 효율 규제에 관한 국제 동향 (Global Trends in Efficiency Regulation of Motor System)

  • 장기봉
    • 전기학회논문지
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    • 제67권10호
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    • pp.1298-1302
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    • 2018
  • Minimum Efficiency Performance Standard (MEPS) has already been operated in many countries. In particular, the European Union (EU) has entered the IE3 stage since 2017. Korea will also enter the IE3 phase from October 2018. As for Korea, there is still a restriction on induction motors only. But, in the EU and the United States, efficiency regulation of variable speed drives is being deeply examined. Standards related to this are gradually being fixed. In this paper, the current status and the direction of global standards related to the efficiency of motors, inverters and systems are reviewed. And the case of improving the efficiency of the system including the motor will be examined.

Drowsiness Sensing System by Detecting Eye-blink on Android based Smartphones

  • Vununu, Caleb;Seung, Teak-Young;Moon, Kwang-Seok;Lee, Suk-Hwan;Kwon, Ki-Ryong
    • 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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    • 제19권5호
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    • pp.797-807
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    • 2016
  • The discussion in this paper aims to introduce an approach to detect drowsiness with Android based smartphones using the OpenCV platform tools. OpenCV for Android actually provides powerful tools for real-time body's parts tracking. We discuss here about the maximization of the accuracy in real-time eye tracking. Then we try to develop an approach for detecting eye blink by analyzing the structure and color variations of human eyes. Finally, we introduce a time variable to capture drowsiness.

박용(舶用) 중속(中速) 디젤엔진 피스톤의 형상최적설계(形狀最適設計) (The Shape Optimal Design of Marine Medium Speed Diesel Engine Piston)

  • 이준오;성활경;천호정
    • 한국정밀공학회지
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    • 제25권9호
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    • pp.59-70
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    • 2008
  • Polynomial is used to optimize crown bowl shape of a marine medium speed diesel engine piston. The primary goal of this paper is that it's for an original design through a thermal stress and highest temperature minimum. Piston is modeled using solid element with 6 design variables defined the positional coordinate value. Global optimum of design variables are found and evaluated as developed and integrated with the optimum algorithm combining genetic algorithm(GA) and tabu search(TS). Iteration for optimization is performed based on the result of finite element analysis. After optimization, thermal stress and highest temperature reduced 0.68% and 1.42% more than initial geometry.

Novel Results for Global Exponential Stability of Uncertain Systems with Interval Time-varying Delay

  • Liu, Yajuan;Lee, Sang-Moon;Kwon, Oh-Min;Park, Ju H.
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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    • 제8권6호
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    • pp.1542-1550
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    • 2013
  • This paper presents new results on delay-dependent global exponential stability for uncertain linear systems with interval time-varying delay. Based on Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional approach, some novel delay-dependent stability criteria are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) involving the minimum and maximum delay bounds. By using delay-partitioning method and the lower bound lemma, less conservative results are obtained with fewer decision variables than the existing ones. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Design optimization of spot welded structures to attain maximum strength

  • Ertas, Ahmet H.
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.995-1009
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    • 2015
  • This study presents design optimization of spot welded structures to attain maximum strength by using the Nelder-Mead (Simplex) method. It is the main idea of the algorithm that the simulation run is executed several times to satisfy predefined convergence criteria and every run uses the starting points of the previous configurations. The material and size of the sheet plates are the pre-assigned parameters which do not change in the optimization cycle. Locations of the spot welds, on the other hand, are chosen to be design variables. In order to calculate the objective function, which is the maximum equivalent stress, ANSYS, general purpose finite element analysis software, is used. To obtain global optimum locations of spot welds a methodology is proposed by modifying the Nelder-Mead (Simplex) method. The procedure is applied to a number of representative problems to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method. It is shown that it is possible to obtain the global optimum values without stacking local minimum ones by using proposed methodology.