• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.522-532
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• 2020

The aims of this study were to do a survey on teachers' perception and operational state for elementary science online remote classes and suggest ways to improve the elementary science online remote classes. The survey was based on responses from 100 teachers who have taught elementary science online remote classes for the first semester of 2020 for COVID-19. The questionnaire used in this study consisted of four parts: general informations of participants, the operation status of elementary science online remote classes, teachers' perceptions on the operation of elementary science online remote classes, ways to improve elementary science online remote classes. As a result of this study, elementary teachers taught elementary science online remote classes on the main use of content utilization type. And they had a difficulty in conducting elementary science online remote classes because of lack of contents, absence of elementary science online remote classes teaching methods, learner management and heavy workload. Therefore, to improve elementary science online remote classes the Ministry of Education and regional offices of education have to develop and provide high-quality contents reflect the characteristics of elementary science subjects, introduce a rent-an-experiment equipment system, and build a science class platform providing frequent real-time interaction between teacher and student.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.132-140
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• 2010

The purpose of this research is to explore the effects of the POE(Prediction-Observation-Explanation) teaching-learning model on the academic achievement and the capability of scientific inquiry of elementary school students. POE teaching-learning model is a three stage process modeling scientific inquiry : Prediction, Observation, and Explanation. This research is to see the effectiveness of the POE method in earth science class by applying this simple practical strategy out of various methods in science teaching with the purpose of improving the capability of scientific inquiry and the academic achievement of learners. The findings of the study are as follows: First, the POE strategy in science teaching-learning was found effective for the improvement of learners' scientific inquiry capability. Second, the POE strategy in science teaching-learning is effective for the improvement of learners' academic achievement in science. The findings mentioned above suggest that using the POE strategy in science class of elementary science education has significant effects on improvement of scientific academic achievement and scientific inquiry capability of learners compared with the general science teaching-learning strategy. It also shows to be highly recommendable for use in science class.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.177-186
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• 2008

In this paper, we introduce and study a new class of system of parametric general quasivariational-like inequalities. Using $\eta$-subdifferential and $\eta$-proximal mappings of proper functionals in Hilbert spaces, we prove the equivalence between the system of parametric general quasivariational-like inequalities and a xed point problem and construct two iterative algorithms. A few existence and uniqueness results as well as the sensitivity analysis of solutions are also established for the system of parametric general quasivariational-like inequalities, and some convergence results of iterative sequence generated by the algorithms are proved. Our results extend a few known results in the literature.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.341-349
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• 2010

In this study, the effects of concept mapping with feedbacks providing explanatory comments on students' achievement, science learning anxiety, and science learning motivation were investigated in the undergraduate general chemistry course. The aptitude-treatment interactions between students' level of mastery goal orientation and the concept mapping with explanation feedback treatment were also examined. Sixty-seven freshmen from an university of education were assigned to a control group and a treatment group. The tests of mastery goal orientation, science anxiety, and science learning motivation were administered as pretests. For the treatment group, feedback providing students with explanatory comments through whole class discussion was presented after each concept mapping. Whereas the control group students were presented with opportunities solving excercise problems followed by explanation feedback. The intervention was lasted for 10 weeks (30 class periods). After the instructions, a researcher-made achievement test, the science learning anxiety test, and the science learning motivation test were administered. The results indicated that no statistically significant difference was found in students' achievement. In the science learning anxiety, however, the scores of the treatment group was significantly lower than those of the control group. The scores of the treatment group also tended to be higher, though not significant, than those of the control group in the science learning motivation. However, no significant aptitude-treatment interactions were found in all dependent variables.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.799-810
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• 2017

In this study, to raise the scientific literacy for students, the teaching and learning program was developed by applying the Circle Map. The purpose of this study was to find out the Effect of Elementary Science Teaching Program with Circle Map on Learning Motive and Learning Achievement. To this end, the 6th grade classroom of A-elementary school located in Jeju-city was selected the experimental group (25 patients). And the other 6th grade classroom in the same school was selected to the comparative group (25 patients). The experimental group was conducted applying the Circle Map. Comparison group has been conducted lesson program in accordance with the general science class teacher guide. Was through a pre-test of science learning motivation and academic achievement level can be assumed in the same group. After completing the experimental treatment by conducting a post-mortem examination was statistically validated. In this study, the following conclusions were obtained. First, elementary science class which applied Circle Map had the effect of to improve the scientific motivation(p <.05). In particular, association in the experimental group were higher than the scores of the comparative group, the difference was significant. Second, the Circle Map applied to elementary science class had a significant effect on improving science achievement. The experimental group which applied Circle Map was higher than the comparative group in science achievement post-test comparison. Between the groups showed a significant difference between the two groups(p <.05). The above findings, Elementary science class which applied Circle Map can be concluded to be effective in science and science achievement motivation. Therefore, applying the Circle Map of elementary science class could be useful in science teaching and learning methods. In addition, when it is determined through the previous study, applying the Circle Map classes will be able to derive a meaningful learning also subjected to a number of fields and areas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.60-68
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• 2013

The aim of the study is determined to find out how elementary science localization teaching strategy would influence environmental perception of students. In order to fulfill the research purpose, a total of 51 fifth graders from two classes in M Elementary School in U City were divided into a 26 of experimental group and a 25 of comparative group. The study was carried out from September to November of 2012. For the experimental group, an elementary science localization classes were conducted while for the comparative group, a general science classes were performed. The results of the research are presented as follows. First, it was learned that the experimental group with the elementary science localization class would have a significantly and statistically high environmental sensitivity comparing to that of the comparative group. That proves the elementary science localization class's being efficient at improving the students' environmental sensitivity. Second, the experimental group with the elementary science localization class turned out to have a significantly and statistically strong will to protect the environment than the comparative group would do. Such finding says that the elementary science localization class is helpful to enhance the students' will to preserve the environment. In conclusion, the study came to understand that the elementary science localization teaching strategy can improve the environmental perceptions of the students for such elementary science localization class would efficiently encourage environmental interest of the students.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.241-256
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• 2004

In this paper, we introduce and study a new class of variational inclusions, called the general variational inclusion. We prove the equivalence between the general variational inclusions, the general resolvent equations, and the fixed-point problems, using the resolvent operator technique. This equivalence is used to suggest and analyze a few iterative algorithms for solving the general variational inclusions and the general resolvent equations. Under certain conditions, the convergence analyses are also studied. The results presented in this paper generalize, improve and unify a number of recent results.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.305-326
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• 2001

We introduce a class of multilevel recursive incomplete LU preconditioning techniques (RILUM) for solving general sparse matrices. This techniques is based on a recursive two by two block incomplete LU factorization on the coefficient martix. The coarse level system is constructed as an (approximate) Schur complement. A dynamic preconditioner is obtained by solving the Schur complement matrix approximately. The novelty of the proposed techniques is to solve the Schur complement matrix by a preconditioned Krylov subspace method. Such a reduction process is repeated to yield a multilevel recursive preconditioner.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.27 no.3_4
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• pp.581-589
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• 2009

In this paper, we are concerned with a class of nonlinear second-order differential equations with a nonlinear damping term and forcing term: $$(r(t)k_1(x(t),x'(t)))'+p(t)k_2(x(t),x'(t))x'(t)+q(t)f(x(t))=0$$. Passage to more general class of equations allows us to remove a restrictive condition usually imposed on the nonlinearity. And, as a consequence, our results apply to wider classes of nonlinear differential equations. Some illustrative examples are considered.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.292-303
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• 2009

In this study, we investigated the characteristics of the analogies, the mapping understanding, and the mapping errors on saturated solution of scientifically-gifted and general elementary students. Fifth graders (n=60) at four scientifically-gifted education institutes in Seoul and/or Gyeonggi province and fifth graders (n=91) at three elementary schools in Seoul were selected and assigned to the scientifically-gifted group and the general group respectively. After the students of each group performed the experiment and were taught about the target concept in the first class, they administered the test on the self-generating analogies on the target concept in the second class. The results revealed that the students in the scientifically-gifted group made more analogies, especially verbal/pictorial, structural/functional, enriched, and higher systematic ones, and had deeper understanding of the analogy than those in the general group. The numbers of the shared attributes included in the student-generated analogies and the scores of the mapping understanding of the students in the scientifically-gifted group were significantly higher than those in the general group. The students in the scientifically-gifted group had fewer mapping errors than those in the general group. However, not a few students in the scientifically-gifted group had at least one mapping error. Educational implications of these findings are discussed.