• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare two different gingival depigmentation techniques using an erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser and rotary instruments. Methods: Two patients with melanin pigmentation of gingiva were treated with different gingival depigmentation techniques. Ablation of the gingiva by Er:YAG laser was performed on the right side, and abrasion with a rotary round bur on the opposite side. Results: The patients were satisfied with the esthetically significant improvement with each method. However, some pigment still remained on the marginal gingival and papilla. The visual analog scale did not yield much difference between the two methods, with slightly more pain on the Er:YAG laser treated site. Conclusions: The results of these cases suggest that ablation of the gingiva by an Er:YAG laser and abrasion with a rotary round bur is good enough to achieve esthetic satisfaction and fair wound healing without infection or severe pain. Prudent care about the gingival condition, such as the gingival thickness and degree of pigmentation along with appropriate assessment is needed in ablation by the Er:YAG laser procedure.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.399-406
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• 2018

The influences of mineral content and porosity on ultrasonic wave velocity were assessed for ten hornfelsic rocks collected from southern and western parts of the city of Hamedan, western Iran. Selected rock samples were subjected to mineralogical, physical, and index laboratory tests. The tested rocks contain quartz, feldspar, biotite, muscovite, garnet, sillimanite, kyanite, staurolite, graphite and other fine grained cryptocrystalline matrix materials. The values of dry unit weight of the rocks were high, but the values of porosity and water absorption were low. In the rocks, the values of dry unit weight are related to the presence of dense minerals such as garnet so not affected by porosity. The statistical relationships between mineral content, porosity and ultrasonic wave velocity indicated that the porosity is the most important factor influencing ultrasonic wave velocity of the studied rocks. The values of P-wave velocity of the rocks range from moderate to very high. Empirical equations, relevant to different parameters of the rocks, were proposed to determine the rocks' essential characteristics such as primary and secondary wave velocities. Quality indexes (IQ) of the studied samples were determined based on P-wave velocities of them and their composing minerals and the samples were classified as non-fissured to moderately fissured rocks. Also, all tested samples are classified as slightly fissured rocks according to the ratio of S-wave to P-wave velocities.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.129-132
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• 2007

Bismuth-substituted yttrium iron garnet (Bi:YIG, $Bi_{0.5}Y_{2.5}Fe_5O_{12}$) films were deposited with aerosol deposition method and their magnetic and optical properties were investigated as a function of annealing temperature. Since the ceramic films deposited with aerosol deposition method have not a perfect crystal structure due to non-uniform internal stress occurred by mechanical collision during their deposition, the post annealing could be a key process to release its internal stress and to improve its micro structure for optimizing the magnetic and magneto-optic properties of films. The crystallinity of Bi: YIG film was improved with increase of annealing temperature, and the saturation magnetization increased up to 87 emu/cc at $800^{\circ}C$. The Faraday rotation increased up to $1.4deg/{\mu}m$ by annealing at $700^{\circ}C$ around the wavelength of $0.5{\mu}m$. The optical transmittance of the Bi:YIG film was also improved in visible region.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.1-1
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• 1992

YIG는 분해용융을 하므로 FZ법을 개량한 TSFZ법을 적용하여 YIG단결정을 성장시켰다. 최적성장조건은 성장속도 1mm/hr, 상호역방향 회전속도 30rpm이었으며 소결 및 결정성장시 산화분위기를 필요로 하였고 성장된 결정의 질은 소결정도에 의해 많은 영향을 받았다. Melt내 기포의 생성은 철이온과 산소와의 반응에 의해 발생되었으며 기포의 밀도는 성장속도가 빨라질수록 증가하였다. 성장속도는 1mm/hr 이상일 경우에는 Cell Growth가 발생하였으며 결정의 가장자리에서 전위밀도가 증가하였다. 또한 성장된 결정에서는 제2상으로 Orthoferrite가 관찰되었다.

• KCI Concrete Journal
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.89-97
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• 1999

The purpose of this research is to investigate the utilization of recycled fine aggregates as a material to apply to a building finished walls or as a decorating material in combination with a polymer. The strengths of two resin mortars using recycled fine aggregates and natural fine aggregates was made. In order to improve the workability and the strength of the resin mortar with recycled fine aggregates, partial replacement of recycled fine aggregates with natural ones was made with the application of various type of fillers. The results, it show that the compressive strength and flexural strength of resin mortar using the recycled fine aggregates were about 70% to 100% of those of resin mortar using natural fine aggregates. It was enough to assure the utilization of the recycled fine aggregates as a material for the production of resin mortar. From the result of partial replacement of recycled fine aggregates with natural ones, the compressive strength was Increased from 5% to 15% and the flexural strength was much as 5% to 20% as a result of 70% substitution It was also found that the use of garnet powder shows a similar tendency in the compressive strength and slag powder does in the flexural strength and tensile strength.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2006년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.7
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• pp.489-490
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• 2006

The Ce-doped YAG(Yttrium Aluminum Garnet, $Y_3Al_5O_{12}$) phosphor powders were synthesized by Sol-gel method. The luminescence, formation process and structure of phosphor powders were investigated by means of XRD, SEM and PL. The XRD patterns show that YAG phase can form through sintering at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 2h. This temperature is much lower than that required to synthesize YAG phase via the conventional solid state reaction method. There were no intermediate phases such as YAP(Yttrium Aluminum Perovskite, $YAlO_3$) and YAM(Yttrium Aluminum Monoclinic, $Y_4Al_2O_9$) observed in the sintering process. The powders absorbed excitation energy in the range 410~510nm. Also, the crystalline YAG:Ce showed broad emission peaks in the range 480~600nm and had maximum intensity at 528nm.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• 제73권10호
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• pp.1535-1540
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• 2018

In this study, we prepared and characterized Nb-doped $Li_7La_3Zr_{2-x}O_{12}$ (LLZNO) powder and pellets with a cubic garnet structure by using a modified sol-gel synthesis and hot pressing. LLZNO powder with a very small grain size and cubic structure without secondary phases could be obtained by using a synthesis method in which Li and La sources in a propanol solvent were mixed together with Zr and Nb sources in 2-methoxy ethanol. A pure cubic phase LLZNO pellet could be fabricated from the prepared LLZNO and an additional 6-wt% of $Li_2CO_3$ powder by hot pressing at $1050^{\circ}C$ and 15.8 MPa. The hot-pressed LLZNO pellet with a relative density of 99% exhibited a very dense surface morphology. The total Li ionic conductivity of the hot-pressed LLZNO was $7.4{\times}10^{-4}S/cm$ at room temperature, which is very high level compared to other reported values. The activation energy for ionic conduction was estimated to be 0.40 eV.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권7호
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• pp.2579-2585
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• 2022

Ceramics of quaternary garnets (Gd,Y)₃Al₂Ga₃O₁₂ doped with Ce, Tb have been fabricated and evaluated as prospective materials for indirect energy converters of α-and β-voltaic. Samples were characterized at excitation with an X-ray source and an intense 150 keV electron beam and showed good temperature stability of their emission and tolerance to irradiation. The role of X-rays accompanied the α-particle emitting in the increase of the conversion efficiency is clarified. The garnet-type structure of the matrix in the developed materials allows the production of quality crystalline mass with a light yield exceeding that of the commonly used YAG: Ce scintillator by a factor of two times.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.46-50
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• 2004

자성 garnet $Y_3$F $e_{5}$ $O_{12}$의 Y자리에 Ce이 치환된 $Y_{3-x}$C $e_{x}$F $e_{5}$ $O_{12}$(x=0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) 분말을 졸-겔법으로 합성하였다. $Y_{3-x}$C $e_{x}$F $e_{5}$ $O_{12}$의 결정학적 자기적 성질을 X-선 회절기(XRD), 진동시료 자화율 측정기(VSM)및 Mossbauer분광기를 이용하여 연구하였다. $Y_{3-x}$C $e_{x}$F $e_{5}$ $O_{12}$의 결정구조는 cubic이며, 격자상수는 x = 0.0에서 0.3까지 치환하였을 때 12.3758 $\pm$ 0.0005 $\AA$부터 12.4062 $\pm$ 0.0005 $\AA$으로 선형적으로 증가함을 보였다. VSM 측정 결과 $Y_{3-x}$C $e_{x}$F $e_{5}$ $O_{12}$의 포화 자화(saturation magnetization) 값은 거의 변화가 없었던 반면, 보자력(coercivity) 값은 $Y_3$F $e_{5}$ $O_{12}$과 $Y_{2.9}$C $e_{0.1}$F $e_{5}$ $O_{12}$일때 각각 18.3 Oe에서 5.8 Oe로 감소하였다. 이들 시료의 Mossbauer spectrum을 13K부터 Neel온도까지 측정을 하였다. Fe원자 위치의 분포를 고려하여 16a와 24d에 site의 2set으로 분석하였으며, 또한 $Y_{3-x}$C $e_{x}$F $e_{5}$ $O_{12}$의 자성 이온간의 상호작용을 Neel 이론으로 해석할 수 있었으며 개별 부격자간의 초교환 상호작용의 세기를 결정하였다. Debye 온도를 분석 결과 24d site 의 고체의 굳기가 16a site 경우보다 더 큰 것으로 분석 되었다.te 의 고체의 굳기가 16a site 경우보다 더 큰 것으로 분석 되었다.다. 분석 되었다.다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.147-176
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• 1979

제2연산광산(第二蓮山鑛山)은 그 스카른 유화연(硫化鉛) 아연광상(亞鉛鑛床)의 체계적(體系的)인 분포상태(分布狀態)로 특징(特徵)지어졌으며 광상(鑛床)은 중경사(中傾斜)로 기울어진 판상내지(板狀乃至) 렌즈상광체군(狀鑛體群)으로 대표(代表)되며 동북동(東北東)으로 주향(走向)하는 풍촌석회암(豊村石灰岩) 및 묘봉점판암(猫峯粘板岩)의 충상단층면(衝上斷層面)에 따라 관입(貫入)한 석영(石英)몬조니반암(班岩)의 암상(岩床) 및 이로부터 분기(分技)한 암맥(岩脈)의 접촉대(接觸帶)에 따라 발달(發達)되었다. 이들 광상(鑛床)은 모암(母岩) 및 화성암(火成岩)과의 관계(關係)에 따라 (1) 관입암상(貫入岩床)의 하반광체군(下盤鑛體群)(월곡하반광체(月谷下盤鑛體)) (2) 동(同) 상반광체군(上盤鑛體群)(월곡상반광체(月谷上盤鑛體)) (3) 암맥접촉대(岩脈接觸帶)와 이로부터 석회암층간(石灰岩層間)에 따라 연장(延長)된 광체군(鑛體群)(선곡광체(仙谷鑛體))으로 삼대분(三大分)된다. 광상(鑛床)은 석회규산염(石灰硅酸鹽)(스카른광물(鑛物))과 유화광물(硫化鑛物)로 구성(構成)돼 있는데 유화광석(硫化鑛石)으로는 섬아연석(閃亞鉛石)을 주(主)로 하고 방연석(方鉛石) 및 황동석(黃銅石)이 포함(包含)되며 유화맥석(硫化脈石)으로는 자유철석(磁硫鐵石)을 주(主)로 한다. 농촌석회암(農村石灰岩)과 석영(石英)몬조니암(岩)과의 월곡하반접촉대(月谷下盤接觸帶)에 발달(發達)된 외성(外成)및 내성(內成)스카른광물(鑛物)은 -120갱(坑)에서 다음과 같은 대칭대반분포(對稱帶狀分布)를 보인다. 즉 외성(外成)스카른의 중심(中心)에 자류석-석영대(石英帶), 이 대(帶)의 양측(兩側)바같으로 휘석(輝石)-광석대(鑛石帶), 그리고 더욱 외측(外側)으로 묘봉점판암(猫峯粘板岩)쪽으로는 함녹염석(含綠簾石) 녹니석(綠泥石) 혼펠스대(帶)와 화성암(火成岩)쪽으로는 녹염석(綠簾石)을 주(主)로 하는 내성(內成)스카른대(帶)가 배열(配列)한다. 이는 스카른형성(形成)에 있어서의 두가지 효과(效果) 즉 (1) 원암(原岩)의 차이(差異)(퇴적암(堆積岩)과 화성암(火成岩)) 및 (2) 스카른분대(分帶)는 이들 원암(原岩)의 교대변질과정(交代變質過程)에 있어서 내측대(內測帶)로부 터 외측대(外側帶)로 향(向)한 점진적(漸進的) 이동(移動)이 있었음을 보여주고 있다. 전자선분석(電子線分析)에 의(依)하면 휘석(輝石)은 회철휘석질(灰鐵輝石質)이고 중심대(中心帶)로 부터 외측대(外側帶)를 향(向)하여 철분(鐵分)이 증가(增加)하는데 반(反)하여 자류석의 철분(鐵分)은 증가(增加)함으로서 휘석(輝石)과 자류석에 흡수(吸收)된 철분(鐵分)의 양(量)이 서로 반비례(反比例)함을 보여준다. 준휘석류(準輝石類)에 硅灰石(규회석)이 안나타나고 대신(代身) 파이록시망가이트, 장마휘석, 버스타마이트가 우세한 점(點)은 스카른용액(溶液)의 높은 함(含)망간성(性)을 말하며 자류석이 흔히 형석(螢石)에 의(依)해 대표(交代)되었음은 할로겐의 활동(活動)이 매우 강(强)했음을 가르친다. 유화아연(硫化亞鉛)은 스카른대중(帶中) 특히 휘석대(輝石帶)에 친근(親近)하게 수반(隨伴)되며 이는 회철휘석(灰鐵輝石)이 유화아연(硫化亞鉛)의 침전(沈澱)을 촉진(促進)하는 환원환경(還元環境)을 조성(造成)하는데 기인(起因)된 것으로 해석(解析)된다. 지질구조적(地質構造的)으로 개방(開放)된 환경(環境)에 있었던 월곡상반(月谷上盤)및 선곡광화대(仙谷鑛化帶)에 있어서는 금속품위(金屬品位)의 변동(變動)이 심(甚)한데 반(反)해 두개의 관입암상(貫入岩床)사이에 폐쇄(閉鎖)되었던 월곡하반접촉대내(月谷下盤接觸帶內)에서는 금속품위(金屬品位)의 분포(分布)가 비교적(比較的) 일정(-定)하다.