• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.143-155
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• 2018

In this present paper, our aim is to introduce an extended Wright-Bessel function $J^{{\lambda},{\gamma},c}_{{\alpha},q}(z)$ which is established with the help of the extended beta function. Also, we investigate certain integral transforms and generalized integration formulas for the newly defined extended Wright-Bessel function $J^{{\lambda},{\gamma},c}_{{\alpha},q}(z)$ and the obtained results are expressed in terms of Fox-Wright function. Some interesting special cases involving an extended Mittag-Leffler functions are deduced.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2018

Purpose : This study was designed to examine the blood glucose control and increase immunity effects of ${\beta}-glucan$ added cooked barley noodle in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mice with a high-fat diet. Method : Forty-eight male ICR mice (6-week-old) were fed AIN-93 diet for 4 weeks. Mice were divided into six groups: normal, diabetic, cooked barley noodle, ${\beta}-glucan$ (5 %) control and two experimental groups (${\beta}-glucan$ 2.5 % and 5 %, cooked barley noodle contained diet with ${\beta}-glucan$ 2.5 % and 5 % w/w). Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (150 mg/kg). Result : Blood glucose level was significantly decreased in groups consuming cooked barley noodles, but no significant difference was exhibited in diabetic and ${\beta}-glucan$ control group. These results were in accordance with the result of oral glucose tolerance test. Blood interfereon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$ was measured in order to identify increase immunity effect of ${\beta}-glucan$ in diabetic mice. Inhibited $IFN-{\gamma}$ concentration was recovered in cooked barley noodle and ${\beta}-glucan$ control group. Moreover, $IFN-{\gamma}$ concentration was dramatically elevated in ${\beta}-glucan$ contained cooked barley noodle groups in a dose dependent manner. Streptozotocin induced AST and ALT activities were decreased in ${\beta}-glucan$ contained cooked barley noodle groups with a strong lipid lowering effect. Conclusion : Although addition of ${\beta}-glucan$n did not give any significant synergistic effect on cooked barley noodle in blood glucose regulation, suppressed $IFN-{\gamma}$ production by STZ was dramatically enhanced by ${\beta}-glucan$ supplementation in a dose dependent manner. Liver function and blood lipid profile were also in accordance with the increase immunity effect of ${\beta}-glucan$. Consequently, ${\beta}-glucan$ added cooked barley noodle can be consumed as good diets for patients with chronic diseases with reduced immunity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.826-831
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• 1999

${\beta}-Glucan$, one of the major cell wall components of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is known to enhance the immune function, especially by activating macrophages. Accordingly, in an effort to develop a safe and efficient immune stimulatory agent, we prepared crude ${\beta}-glucan$ (glucan-p1) and partially purified ${\beta}-glucan$ that was free of mannoproteins (glucan-p2), and evaluated their effect on both the macrophage function and resistance to E. coli-induced peritonitis. To investigate the function of the macrophages, phagocytosis, $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion, oxygen burst, and the expression of cytokine genes such as $IFN-{\gamma}$ and IL-12 were analyzed. Glucan-p2 markedly stimulated the macrophages with all these parameters. Glucan-p1, however, did not stimulate phagocytosis, yet it induced $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion, oxygen burst, and the expression of $IFN-{\gamma}$ and IL-12, although less efficiently than glucan-p2. Finally, to test the in vivo protective effect of {\beta}-glucan against infection, the survival of mice from E. coli-induced peritonitis was investigated. After 24 h of the peritoneal challenge of E. coli, all of the mice treated with glucan-p2 survived whereas none survived in the control group. Glucan-p1 showed only a marginal effect in protecting the mice. These results suggest that mannoprotein-free gluean-p2, but not gluean-p1, can serve as an effective immune-stimulating agent.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제26권1_2호
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• pp.275-282
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• 2008

Our aim in this paper is to investigate the global attractivity of the recursive sequence $x_{n+1}$ = $\frac{\alpha-{\beta}x_{n-1}}{\gamma+g(x_n)}$ under specified conditions. We show that the positive (or zero for $\alpha$ = 0) equilibrium point of the equation is a global attractor with a basin that depends on certain conditions posed on the coefficients and the function g(x).

• 충청수학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.769-780
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• 2013

Motivated essentially by their potential for applications in a wide range of mathematical and physical problems, the log-sine and log-cosine integrals have been evaluated, in the existing literature on the subject, in many different ways. Very recently, Choi [6] presented explicit evaluations of some families of log-sine and log-cosine integrals by making use of the familiar Beta function. In the present sequel to the investigation [6], we evaluate the log-sine and log-cosine integrals involved in more complicated integrands than those in [6], by also using the Beta function.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2017

The ${\gamma}$-secretase complex represents an evolutionarily conserved family of transmembrane aspartyl proteases that cleave numerous type-I membrane proteins, including the ${\beta}$-amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the receptor Notch. All known rare mutations in APP and the ${\gamma}$-secretase catalytic component, presenilin, which lead to increased amyloid ${\beta}$-peptide production, are responsible for early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease. ${\beta}$-amyloid protein precursor-like (APPL) is the Drosophila ortholog of human APP. Here, we created Notch- and APPL-based Drosophila reporter systems for in vivo monitoring of ${\gamma}$-secretase activity. Ectopic expression of the Notch- and APPL-based chimeric reporters in wings results in vein truncation phenotypes. Reporter-mediated vein truncation phenotypes are enhanced by the Notch gain-of-function allele and suppressed by RNAi-mediated knockdown of presenilin. Furthermore, we find that apoptosis partly contributes to the vein truncation phenotypes of the APPL-based reporter, but not to the vein truncation phenotypes of the Notch-based reporter. Taken together, these results suggest that both in vivo reporter systems provide a powerful genetic tool to identify genes that modulate ${\gamma}$-secretase activity and/or APPL metabolism.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1996년도 제4회 추계심포지움
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• pp.75-84
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• 1996

Platelets from a patient with a mild inherited bleeding disorder and abnormal platelet aggregation and secretion show reduced generation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP$_3$), mobilization of intracellular Ca$\^$2+/, and phosphorylation of pleckstrin in response to several G protein mediated agonists, suggesting a possible defect at the level of phospholipase C (PLC) activation. A procedure was developed that allows quantitation of platelet PLC isozymes. After fractionation of platelet extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography, seven, out often known PLC isoforms were detected by immunoblot analysis. The amount of these isoforms in normal platelets decreased in the order PLC-${\gamma}$2 > PLC-${\beta}$2 > PLC-${\beta}$3 > PLC-${\beta}$l > PLC-${\gamma}$ > PLC-$\delta$1 > PLC-${\beta}$4. Compared with normal platelets, platelets from the patient contained approximately one-third the amount of PLC-${\beta}$2, whereas PLC-${\beta}$4 was increased threefold. These results suggest that the impaired platelet function in the patient in response to multiple G protein mediated agonists is attributable to a deficiency of PLC-${\beta}$2. They document for the first time a specific PLC isozyme deficiency in human platelets and provide an unique opportunity to understand the role of different PLC isozymes in normal platelet function.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.108-117
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• 1979

In order to obtain the basic data for design of water structures which can be contributed to the planning of water use. Best fitted distribution function and the equations for the probable minimum flow were derived to the annual minimum flow of five subwatersheds along Geum River basin. The result were analyzed and summarized as follows. 1. Type III extremal distribution was considered as a best fit one among some other distributions such as exponential and two parameter lognormal distribution by $x^2$-goodness of fit test. 2. The minimum flow are analyzed by Type III extremal distribution which contains a shape parameter $\lambda$, a location parameter ${\beta}$ and a minimum drought $\gamma$. If a minimum drought $\gamma=0$, equations for the probable minimum flow, $D_T$, were derived as $D_T={\beta}e^{\lambda}1^{y'}$, with two parameters and as $D_T=\gamma+(\^{\beta}-\gamma)e^{{\lambda}y'}$ with three parameters in case of a minimum drought ${\gamma}>0$ respectively. 3. Probable minimum flow following the return periods for each stations were also obtained by above mentioned equations. Frequency curves for each station are drawn in the text. 4. Mathematical equation with three parameters is more suitable one than that of two parameters if much difference exist between the maximum and the minimum value among observed data.

• 약학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.557-564
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• 2001

To determine effects of zinc on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines and Iymphokines in tumor-bearing ICR mice, this study has been investigated. Zinc chloride (Zn) at doses of 1 mg/kg was administered orally 30 minutes before i.p. injection of LPS (8 mg/kg) 5 times for 7 days. LPS greatly increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$ and interleukin (IL)-1$\beta$, in both serum and splenic supernatants compared with those in controls. However Zn strongly decreased LPS-increased production of TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-1$\beta$ in spleenic supernatants compared with those in controls and insignificantly also reduced in serum. LPS insignificantly decreased IL-2 levels in spleenic supernatants compared with those in controls but significantly increased interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$ levels. Zn didn't affect IL-2 production in splenic supernatants compared to controls but significantly enhanced the LPS-decreased production of IL-2. Zn significantly increased IFN-${\gamma}$ levels in splenic supernatants compared to controls and did not affect the LPS-increased production of IFN-${\gamma}$. These findings suggest that Zn may strongly attenuate the LPS-induced pathogenesis of proinflammatory cytokines in tumor-bearing state and significantly up-regulate the LPS-induced function of T cells to produce IL-2 with maintaining normally the LPS- increased levels of IFN-${\gamma}$.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2014

대표적인 공개키 암호방식인 RSA에 사용되는 합성수 n=pq의 큰자리 소수 p,q를 소인수분해하여 구하는 것은 사실상 불가능하다. 공개키 e와 합성수 n은 알고 개인키 d를 모를 때, ${\phi}(n)=(p-1)(q-1)=n+1-(p+q)$을 구하여 $d=e^{-1}(mod{\phi}(n))$의 역함수로 개인키 d를 해독할수 있다. 따라서 ${\phi}(n)$을 알기위해 n으로부터 p,q를 구하는 수학적 난제인 소인수분해법을 적용하고 있다. 소인수분해법에는 n/p=q의 나눗셈 시행법보다는 $a^2{\equiv}b^2(mod\;n)$, a=(p+q)/2,b=(q-p)/2의 제곱합동법이 일반적으로 적용되고 있다. 그러나 다양한 제곱합동법이 존재함에도 불구하고 아직까지도 많은 RSA 수들이 해독되지 않고 있다. 본 논문은 ${\phi}(n)$을 직접 구하는 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안된 알고리즘은 $2^j{\equiv}{\beta}_j(mod\;n)$, $2^{{\gamma}-1}$ < n < $2^{\gamma}$, $j={\gamma}-1,{\gamma},{\gamma}+1$에 대해 $2^k{\beta}_j{\equiv}2^i(mod\;n)$, $0{\leq}i{\leq}{\gamma}-1$, $k=1,2,{\ldots}$ 또는 $2^k{\beta}_j=2{\beta}_j$로 ${\phi}(n)$을 구하였다. 제안된 알고리즘은 $n-10{\lfloor}{\sqrt{n}}{\rfloor}$ < ${\phi}(n){\leq}n-2{\lfloor}{\sqrt{n}}{\rfloor}$의 임의의 위치에 존재하는 ${\phi}(n)$도 약 2배 차이의 수행횟수로 찾을 수 있었다.