• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.43-63
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the various contexts affecting life culture through practical reasoning process and to select the goal and contents system of unification education in middle school home economics to form healthy unification community and to develop teaching and learning process. Based on the Unification Education Guidelines, Unification Education Pre-Study, Pre-Study on North Korean Defectors, and Analysis of the 2015 Revision Home Economics Curriculum in Korea, Goal and content system. Based on this, we developed a teaching and learning process and a student activity place applying practical reasoning process after extracting practical problems, and prepared a final development plan based on the results of two expert group evaluations. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the goal of unification education in the middle school home economics class is to 'Based on the social-cultural context, we develop the ability to cultivate healthy reunification by respecting the differences between the cultures of the two Koreas and discovering common values in a unified society and resolving practical issues in a unified society.'. Second, the content system of middle school home economics unification education was selected as the core theme of 'Unification Education Focused on the Living Culture'. The content elements were comprehending the socio - cultural context that affects the life culture of the two Koreas, Related language, maintenance of diversity of dietary culture in each region including North Korean food, social norms and attire, correct housing value and common living etiquette. Based on the goals of unification education in the middle school home school curriculum, we selected practical issues as 'What should we do to create a healthy unified community?'. Third, the teaching and learning process of unification education in junior high school home economics education is to recognize the problem of unification, to analyze the factors affecting the life culture of the two Koreas, to grasp the effect of the action and the ripple effects, to select alternative methods, And 4 subjects for 8 teaching learning course plan, and 35 teaching materials.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.64-87
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is aimed to grasp the factors, which may influence the harmonized organizational efficiency of the objects of hospital structure as well as its structural constituents of each departments of administration, nursing, and para-medical personnels, in order to provide basic data enable to contribute in the development of hospital. The survey data involved in the study was derived from 385 personnels working in 5 medium and small sized hospitals in Seoul area. The main finding of the study can be summarized as follows; 1. The organizational efficiency in accordance with the general characteristics of subjects in order of male, over 30 years of age, university graduates, long-term tenure and high position is higher, whereas, in as much as wage and well trained personnels in administration departments are higher, its organizational efficiency is higher in comparison with those of nursing and para-medical departments. 2. The organizational efficiency in accordance with satisfaction and the motive contributional factors is higher as much as the high satisfactory level in every departments in general. 3. The organizational efficiency in accordance with the factors of job characteristics is higher in as much as difficulty of the jobs is lesser, however there was not statically significance between administration and para-medical departments. In as much as the job circulation is intact, job standard level is higher and the more job responsibility the higher organizational efficiency, while the more workload and the more work feud resulted lower organizational efficiency. It was obvious that the higher professional expertise as well as the training and application level are improving the organizational efficiency. 4. The organizational efficiency in accordance with the factors of structural characteristics was higher in as much as the intercommunication was smooth and the structural formalization level are higher, however there was not statically significance between the participation level of decision making and the organizational efficiency. 5. In as much as higher educational level of over university graduates, management of organization and the job level are satisfied, the psychological motive contributional level is higher, while the lesser job difficulty, the smooth job performance, the higher level of professional expertise, the higher structural formalization level, the smooth intercommunication, have affected as major influence factors of the structural characteristics of organizational efficiency. 6. As the management of hospital organization, the job level and personal relation are satisfied or psychological motive is provided, especially when there are no difficult jobs or smooth job circulation and no job feud are prevailing, it was apparent that the organizational efficiency is improving accordingly. The nursing departments has high educational standard and is satisfied in the management and job level of hospital organization as there are no difficult jobs while the level of hospital's organizational formality is high and the intercommunication is smooth, which are improving the organizational efficiency. The para-medical departments is also satisfied the management and job level of hospital organization and it was apparent that the organizational efficiency is higher in as much as the level of job standardization is high and the intercommunication is smooth. As a result of this study, in order for improving the organizational efficiency of the medium and small sized hospitals, the management and job level as well as personal relation are preferably satisfied, whereas the level of job circulation, job responsibility, the expertise and formalization of organization, intercommunication and etc. should be satisfied, and, therefore, it is advisable to buildup discriminated organizational management and environment for different division on the basis above factors. Since this study is carried on several hospitals in Seoul area, there is a certain limit to generalize its result to all domestic hospitals, nevertheless the gallop poll was made by developing the questionnaires with reasonability and reliability. Especially, as the study was carried by analyzing the comparison of influence factors' difference of organizational efficiency in accordance with the divisional characteristics of the medium and small sized hospitals.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.22
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• pp.131-166
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• 2003

The opening of advertising market and introduction of the free competition doctrine make the competition harsher among advertising agencies. Advertising agencies do their best to execute their ad more efficiently and scientifically. But, it is the reality that broadcasting advertising industry in korea did not construct enough infrastructure to execute the systematic activities compared with that of advanced countries. So, we need to grasp the present conditions and draw a time-table to construct primarily necessary infrastructures. In case of hardware infrastructure in advertising industry, digitalization of broadcasting and convergence of broadcasting with telecommunication make it hurry to construct that. But as the ad agencies was in the situation to compete each other, they have a difficulty to construct common hardware infrastructure enthusiastically. Thus, it is necessary to build hardware infrastructure in advertising industry for policy. And the construction of that should be executed systematically not for the short term effects but for the long term objectives. Also, it is the most important to construct reliable Software infrastructure in advertising industry from all of ad agencies. In these days, ad agencies have a tendency not to believe the important information, like the data of ratings and advertising transaction information, in relation to the advertising activities. And they do not share and communicate about the information of the advertising industry trends, research trends, advertisement related information. So, it is also hurry to build the on-line and off-line database system. Finally, for the development of brainware infrastructure in advertising industry, it is the most necessary to activate the cooperation relation between university and advertising agencies. Universities need to invite experts in the advertising to teach the students practical knowledge and ad agencies to recruit students who want to develop their carrier in the advertising industries. In conclusion, advertising industry in korea to solve these tasks for the development of advertising industry infrastructure in the way of cooperation and harmony of each other rationally and efficiently.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate plow pan characteristics and to grasp the relationship between its particle size distribution fractal dimension ($D_m$) and water transport in paddy plow pan. Twenty four soil sampling sites with different management groups, ordinary and sandy-textured, were selected and investigated for physical properties of soils such as Yamanaka hardness in April, non-submerged condition, before rice seedling transplanting. The plow pan appearing depth and thickness was determined by penetration resistance profile. Undisturbed core samples with five replicates were sampled at plow pan layerwith 2 inch cores for measuring soil bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity. The particle size distribution fractal dimension ($D_m$) was calculated by the method following the procedure Tylerand Wheacraft (1992), using the USDA-based particle size analysis datawith fractions of 0-0.002, 0.002-0.053, 0.053-0.1, 0.1-0.25, 0.25-0.5, 0.5-1.0, and 1.0-2.0 mm. The plow pan of investigated fields appeared at a range from 5 to 30 cm depth, showing minimum value in sandy-textured management group and maximum value in ordinary management group. The thickness of plow pan were distributed from 5 to 17 cm, showing both minimum and maximum values in sandy-textured management group. Averagely, the plow appearing depth were deeper in ordinary management group than in sandy-textured management group, whereas the reverse in the thickness of plow pan. The particle size distribution fractal dimension ($D_m$) had higher value with finer textures, with higher fractality in coarser texture. Saturated hydraulic conductivities, $K_s$, of plow pan soils distributed from 0.5 to 1420 mm $day^{-1}$, having the highest value in sandy skeletal soils. The $K_s$ decreased with decreasing clay content and $D_m$, showing power function relationships. The coefficient of determination, $R^2$, of the fitted power functions were higher in $D_m$ as x-axis than in clay content. This means that $D_m$ could give us more effective estimation than clay content. Especially, sandy-textured paddy soils had higher $R^2$, compared to ordinary paddy soils. $K_s$ of relatively coarse-textured soils with less than 18%of clay content, therefore, was more dependent on particle size distribution than that of relatively fine-textured soils. From these results, it could be concluded that the fractal scaling gives us a unique quantity describing particle size distribution and then can be applied to estimate saturated hydraulic conductivity, especially more effective in coarse-textured soils.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.35-55
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• 1984

This study aims to present basic data for a reasonable home management through investigating the change of home economy conditions incidental to the family life cycle, also through analyzing the effect of socio-anthropological variables on the family-life cycle. The data investigation using the questionnaires method was conducted on housewives in Seoul as the central census tract. Housewives as the subject of investigation were chosen by the method of the purpose-sampling in consideration of the regional differences and the socio-economical strata. Nine hundred and forty questionnaires were distributed to housewives but seven hundred questionnaires were collected. Only five hundred and ten questionnaires of them were analyzed in this study. The frequency and the percentage of collected data, first of all, were founded in order to grasp the general characteristics of the subject of investigation. To classify the stage of family life cycle, the correlations of the classifying factors among each group were examined x2 Test and One-Way ANOVA were applied to explore the differences among each stage of the change of household-economy. And the effect of socio-anthropological variables on the change of household- economy was analyzed by Two-way ANOVA. the conclusions derived from the results of this study are as follows; 1) The marriage-period and the educational conditions of the first child were selected as the classifying factors through analyzing correlation among the age, the marriage-period and the educational conditions of their children. As a result of this analysis, the family life cycle were classified into seven stages: Stage 1; Establishment Stage 2; Preschool family Stage 3; Elementary school family stage 6; Adult period family Stage7; Marriage period family . 2) The change of household economy incidental to the progress of family life cycle has a significant differences in all of variables (except the other member of family's income) Stage 1; Though the husband's income and the income from property are on a low level, the total income is on a high level due to the housewife's income. Stage 2; The total income is on a low level owing to the decrease of house wife's income, though the husband's income keep growing. Stage 3; Owing to the increase of husband's income, the cost of living as well as the total income keeps growing but the savings are on the decrease. Stage 4; Compared with Stage 3, the total income tends to be on a low level but the living expenses are on the increase. Stage 5; The husband's income is on the highest level in the stages of family life cycle. The total income and the living expenses are on a high level. Stage 6; The income of husband and housewife are on the remarkable decrease but the children's income is on the increase. Stage 7; Owing to the increase of the children's income and the income from property, the total income is on the highest level in the stages of family life cycle. 3) Considering the effect of socio-anthropological variables on the conditions of household-economy, family system has an significant effect on children's income. the husband's occupation exerts a significant effect upon the housewife's and children's income. The husband's schooling exercises an effect upon the children's income. S.E.S has a important effect on the income of husband, housewife and children. From the above results, it is found that the change of household-economy conditions is incidental to the progress of family life cycle. Therefore, a suitable measure to cope with the desire of family and the conditions of household-economy should be prepared, in order to carry on a reasonable home management.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.9-40
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• 1984

This thesis purports to overview the diverse administrative and organizational factors and plannings developed by the government organizations, municipal or otherwise, to tackle the Han River water pollution issues in the past years. This thesis also looks into the ever-worsening Han River water pollution problems, in particular, in terms of the various government plans ostensibly designed to reduce the pollution level but with little success. Also dealt with are the efficiencies with which the laws and decrees on water pollution the administrative organizations put to use in the prosecution of the diverse antiwater pollution projects involving the Han River basin. From the early 1960's up to the 1970's the government had concentrated on the growth-oriented economic policy with the result that little attention had been paid to the water pollution and other environmental issues that are bound to arise from the massive economic growth. Belatedly, the five-year Hah River Development Project was initiated in 1982 with emphasis on reducing the water pollution level at Hah River to the minimum. The following are the gists of the thesis and recommendations for the future antiwater pollution plans by the administrative organizations: 1. Documents to date indicate that the irrigation projects along the Han River area had been the main focus of attention during the Yi Dynasty and under the Japanese rule of the country. 2. Despite that the water pollution issue became the subject of many debates among the academic and research institutions in the 1960's and in the 1970's, the administrative organizations in charge of the Han River water quality control failed to come up with a concrete plan for the river's water quality control. 3. Nevertheless, the water pollution of the Han River area in fact began in the 1950's, with the unprecedented concentration into Seoul of population and the industrial facilities on a larger scale, in particular, enforced by the government's strong growthoriented policy in its Economic Development plans in the 1960's. 4. Starting in the 1960's, the Han River water pollution level dramatically increased, but the government was reluctant to promulgate or put into effect strong measures to curb the many factors contributing to the river water pollution, thus worsening the environmental issues along the Han River basin. 5. The environmental protection law and other laws and decrees relating to the antiwater and air pollution issues that were subsequently put into effect underwent so many changes that efficient anti-water pollution policies could not be effected for the Han River basin. The frequent organizational reshuffle within the administrative units concerned with environmental problems has resulted in the undue waste in personnel management and finance. 6. The administration on the environmental protection could not be efficiently carried out due to the organizational overlapping. Under the existing law, frequent organizational frictions and inefficiency are bound to occur among the central government offices themselves, as well as between the central government and the Seoul city administration, and among the city's administrative offices over the conservation of the Han River basin and over the river's anti-water pollution issue. 7. In the planning and prosecution of the Han River project, political influences from the president down to the lower-level politicious appear to have been involved. These political influences in the past had certainly had negative influence on the project, nevertheless, it appears that in the recent years, these political influences are not all that negative in view of the fact that they serve as a positive contributing factor in developing a better water quality control project along the Han River basin. The following are a few recommendations based on the data from the thesis: First, officials in charge of the Han River water quality control should pay attention to a careful screening of the opinions and recommendations from the academic circles and from the public should be made so that the government could better grasp the core issues in the environmental problems that require preventive and other necessary measures. Second, vigorous redistribution policies of population and industrial facilities away from the Seoul area should be pursued. Third, the government should refrain from revising or revamping too frequently the laws and decrees on the anti-water pollution, which is feared to cause undue inconveniences in the environmental administration. Fourth, a large-scale streamlining should be made to the existing administrative organization in an effort to do away with the inter- and intra-organizational friction. It is recommended that a secretariat for the Hah River basis conservation be established. Fifth, High-level administrative officials, with a thorough knowledge and vision on the Han River water quality control, should be prepared to better deal with the budgeting and personnel management for the Han River water pollution control not only at the control government, but also at the Seoul city municipal government levels. Environmental issues should be kept distinct from political issues. Environmental issues should not serve as a window-dressing for sheer political purposes. Sixth, the Hah River proiect should also include, along with the main Han River basin, those areas covering North Han River, South Han River, and the tributaries to the main river basin. The 'Han River Basin Water Quality Control Board' should be established immediately as a means of strengthening the current Han River basin water quality control policy. Seventh, in drawing up the Han River proiect, the administrative officials should be aware that Han River basin is a life line for those people in the region, providing them with not only a sheer physical space, but with a psychological living space for their everyday life.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.5819-5826
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• 2011

Recently in the dental world, competition in the medical industry has been intensified due to the prolonged economic stagnation, the quantitative expansion of medical institutions, the enhancement of medical consumers'awareness of rights, and the diversity of medical consumer needs. Dental institution management of the difficulties is the requirement for dental institution to ensure competitiveness. So Word-of-Mouth marketing, which creates high marketing effectiveness with low cost, needs to be actively utilized as a new alternative to mass communication marketing. This research is to accurately grasp the target group of dental medical marketing activities through research on the degree of customer loyalty and Word-of-Mouth effects according to character trait of the patients visiting dental clinics, and to present the basic data for Word-of-Mouth marketing strategies from a viewpoint of practical business through presenting Word-of-Mouth promotion factors. To achieve this, questionnaire survey was conducted on 10 dental clinics located in Daegu for 4 weeks from April 11, 2011 to May 6, 2011 and 612 copies of responses to the questionnaires for final data for analysis were obtained. The results of the analysis are as follows. There were no significant differences in the degree of customer loyalty according to character trait of the subjects between the introverts and the extroverts, and the subjects with high market mavens propensity were found to show high degree of customer loyalty (F=5.243, p=.006). In the differences in Word-of-Mouth effectiveness according to character trait, there were greater differences in Word-of-Mouth experiences in the extrovert subjects ($x^2$=6.738, p=.006) and the subjects with high market mavens propensity ($x^2$=17.251, p=.000). The results of this research clarifies the degree of customer loyalty according to character trait of the patients visiting dental clinics and the differentiated influences of Word-of-Mouth effectiveness, and through this, they will become basic data for presenting ways to establish strategies from the viewpoint of practical business that should be considered in establishing dental medical marketing strategies.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.211-220
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• 2004

The Chaos theory of complexity and Fractal theory which became a prominent figure as a new paradigm of natural science should be understood not as whole, and not into separate elements of nature. Fractal Dimensions are used to measure the complexity of objects. We now have ways of measuring things that were traditionally meaningless or impossible to measure. They are capable of describing many irregularly shaped objects including man and nature. It is compatible method of application to express complexity of nature in the dimension of non-fixed number by placing our point of view to lean toward non-linear, diverse, endless time, and complexity when we look at our world. Fractal Dimension allows us to measure the complexity of an object. Having a wide application of fractal geometry and Chaos theory to the art field is the territory of imagination where art and science encounter each other and yet there has not been much research in this area. The formative word has been extracted in this study by analyzing objective data to grasp formative principle and geometric characteristic of (this)distinct figures of Fractals. With this form of research, it is not so much about fractal in mathematics, but the concept of self-similarity and recursiveness, randomness, devices expressed from unspeakable space, and the formative similarity to graphic design are focused in this study. The fractal figures have characteristics in which the structure doesn't change the nature of things of the figure even in the process if repeated infinitely many times, the limit of the process produces is fractal. Almost all fractals are at least partially self-similar. This means that a part of the fractal is identical to the entire fractal itself even if there is an enlargement to infinitesimal. This means any part has all the information to recompose as whole. Based on this scene, the research is intended to examine possibility of analysis of fractals in geometric characteristics in plasticity toward forms in graphic design. As a result, a beautiful proportion appears in graphic design with calculation of mathematic. It should be an appropriate equation to express nature since the fractal dimension allows us to measure the complexity of an object and the Fractla geometry should pick out high addition in value of peculiarity and characteristics in the complex of art and science. At the stage where the necessity of accepting this demand and adapting ourselves to the change is gathering strength is very significant in this research.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.85-122
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• 2001

This study compared and analyzed the effect of income-redistribution, collecting data on the basis of the estimated details of insurance contribution and individual money wage lists for each one year before and after the combination of medical insurance program for industrial workers, by systematic sampling, extracting 4,160 families(14,764 people) among people applied to medical insurance program for self employees in Taegu City on the basis of Oct. 1st in 1998 with 227 associations of medical insurance program for self employees and medical insurance program for government employees and private school teachers combined, comparing the effect of income redistribution of before and after the combination of medical insurance program for self employees. The insurance contribution by household after the combination of medical insurance program for self employees showed the increase rate of average 20.9%, among them households of 68.8% increased and 31.2% decreased. The effect of income-redistribution was more positive because the degree of inequality was more deepened from 0.64 of the before-combination to 0.45 of the after-one in decile distribution ratio, from 0.26 to 0.34 in Gini -coefficient. Decile distribution ratio on the basis of insurance benefits by household was from 0.09 in the before-combination to 0.14 in the after-one, Gini-coefficient from 0.16 in the before-combination to 0.57 in the after-one was a little lowered. And decile distribution ratio of insurance benefits on the basis of insurance contribution was higher from 1.08 in the before-combination to 1.23 in the after-one, concentration index was a little lowered from 0.14 to 0.11, the effect of income-redistribution was improved in the phase of insurance benefits. The income-transfer rate of medical insurance program for self employees (the occupied rate of insurance benefits/ the occupied rate of insurance contribution) showed a lower trend in all of the before and after-combination towards upper classes, it was known that the income-transfer rate was higher from 1st degree to 7th degree in the after-combination in comparison with the before-one, but the effect of income¬redistribution was high because the income-transfer rate was lowered from 8th degree to 10th degree. The rate of medical insurance benefits (insurance benefits/ insurance contribution) increased from 0.79 in the before-combination to 1.07 in the after-one, and showed over 1.0 under 3th degree before the combination, but all of it was higher than 1.0 under 7th degree after the combination, the after-combination was more improved than the before-one in view of the rate of insurance benefits. As the result of above, on the basis of Oct. 1st in 1998 that 227 associations of medical insurance program for self employees was combined into one, we could say that the equality of imposing medical insurance contribution was more re-considered in the after-combination than in the before-one. But this study analyzed with classes divided, anyway, on the basis of insurance contribution, we have limit in explaining the correct effect of income-redistribution, because it was not analyzed according to classes of income, though it helps to analogize the effect of income-redistribution. So there must be analysis about the effect of income-redistribution, on the basis of the system, building up the system to grasp the correct income of the insureds of medical insurance program for self employees.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.34-47
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• 2009

Rapid urbanization is causing environmental and ecological damage, development thoughtless for the environment, and social and economical issues. It is important to grasp urban growth situations and characteristics, reflect them, and establish a policy for the solution of issues pursuant to urbanization and the sustainable and efficient development of national land. This research aims to be used as basic data in establishing an urban policy by analyzing the situations and characteristics of urban growth for the past 20 years in our entire country rather than an existing district. For this, some urban districts were sampled using a 1980s and 2000s version of land cover map produced by Ministry of Environment, and then pattern analysis for urban growth by administrative district ranks was conducted using GIS and a statistical technique. As a result, the development zone area after 1980s has increased by 2.5 times as compared to that before 1980s, and especially in the farm villages neighboring the national capital region, it has increased by 21.2 times. Special cities and metropolitan cities were developed at the districts being low in altitude, close to the principal road and the major downtown, high in road ratio, and restricted environmentally, ecologically and legally, and were diverted from mountains, forests and grassland to urban land. On the other hand, farm villages neighboring a large city, farm villages neighboring the national capital region, and local farm villages were developed at the districts being high in altitude, far from the principal road and the major downtown, low in road ratio, and not restricted environmentally, ecologically and legally, and were diverted from farmland to urban land. That is, it can be seen that urban development has been actively realized despite the unfavorable topographical conditions in the suburban districts due to lack of available land and various regulations and policies as urban growth around big cities expands.