• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.98-103
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• 2014

Purpose: Gallbladder (GB) wall thickening can be found in various conditions unrelated to intrinsic GB disease. We investigated the predisposing etiologies and the outcome of acalculous GB wall thickening in children. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 67 children with acalculous GB wall thickening who had visited our institute from June 2010 to June 2013. GB wall thickening was defined as a GB wall diameter > 3.5 mm on abdominal ultrasound examination or computed tomography. Underlying diseases associated with GB wall thickening, treatment, and outcomes were studied. Results: There were 36 boys and 31 girls (mean age, $8.5{\pm}4.8years$ [range, 7 months-16 years]). Systemic infection in 24 patients (35.8%), acute hepatitis in 18 (26.9%), systemic disease in 11 (16.4%), hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in 4 (6.0%), acute pancreatitis in 3 (4.5%), and specific liver disease in 3 (4.5%) predisposed patients to GB wall thickening. Systemic infections were caused by bacteria in 10 patients (41.7%), viruses in 5 patients (20.8%), and fungi in 2 patients (8.3%). Systemic diseases observed were systemic lupus erythematosus in 2, drug-induced hypersensitivity in 2, congestive heart failure in 2, renal disorder in 2. Sixty-one patients (91.0%) received symptomatic treatments or treatment for underlying diseases. Five patients (7.5%) died from underlying diseases. Cholecystectomy was performed in 3 patients during treatment of the underlying disease. Conclusion: A wide range of extracholecystic conditions cause diffuse GB wall thickening that resolves spontaneously or with treatment of underlying diseases. Surgical treatments should be avoided if there are no definite clinical manifestations of cholecystitis.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.49-63
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• 2021

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the trend in treating fracture with acupuncture and to evaluate the quality of case reports. Methods All case reports of fractures treated with acupuncture were extracted from four Korean web databases. We classified these studies by five fracture sites and investigated frequently used meridian and acupoint, outcome measurements, treatment period. And we assessed the quality of the case reports by the STandards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA) guidelines. Results A total of 33 case reports were included. The outcome measurements were divided into six categories, and the outcome measurements used in more than three studies showed improvement in patient symptoms. The mainly used meridians for each fracture site were as follows: chest and abdomen (GB, LR, CV), back (BL, GB), upper limb (LI, TE), lower Limb (GB, ST, BL, SP). The most commonly used acupoints for each fracture site were as follows: chest and abdomen (Ashi points, GB24, GB25, GB26, LR13, LR14, CV16, CV17, CV18, CV19), back (BL23, BL24, BL25, BL26, BL40, BL51, BL52, BL60, GB34), upper limb (LI4, LI10, LI11, TE3), lower limb (GB34, GB40). According to the STRICTA guidelines, more than 54.54% of the reports were found to be 'not reported' or 'not sufficient' in the following categories: 'response sought', 'description of participating acupuncturist', and 'number of needle insertions per subject per session'. Conclusions The meridians and acupuncture points frequently used for acupuncture treatment of fractures were near the fracture site. Future clinical studies involving acupuncture must be reported in accordance with the STRICTA guidelines to improve transparency and uniformity.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.622-624
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• 2009

This letter presents a compact 2.5 Gb/s burst-mode receiver using the first reported monolithic amplifier IC developed with 0.25 ${\mu}m$ SiGe BiCMOS technology. With optimum avalanche photodiode gain, the receiver module can obtain a fast response, high sensitivity and wide dynamic range, satisfying the overhead timing and various power specifications for a 2.5 Gb/s next-generation passive optical network (PON), as well as a legacy 1.25 Gb/s PON in the upstream.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.765-769
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• 2009

In this paper, we present the fabrication of 40 Gb/s traveling-wave electroabsorption modulator-integrated laser (TW-EML) modules. A selective area growth method is first employed in 40 Gb/s EML fabrication to simultaneously provide active layers for lasers and modulators. The 3 dB bandwidth of a TW-EML module is measured to be 34 GHz, which is wider than that of a lumped EML module. The 40 Gb/s non-return-to-zero eye diagram shows clear openings with an average output power of +0.5 dBm.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.608-612
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• 2007

4년령의 중성화한 수컷 코커 스파니엘이 후지 마비와 진전 때문에 내원 하였다. 본 환축은 X-ray와 MRI를 이용하여 추간판탈출증이 합병된 척수연화증으로 진단되었다. 환축의 치료를 위하여 봉독 약침, 뜸 및 한약제의 투여를 이용하였다. 사용 혈위는 GV02-1, GV04, GV11, GV12, GV13, GV14, BL11, BL18, BL23, BL25, BL28, GB21, HT07, KI03, LI04, LU07, SI03, SI06, ST36, ST38, ST39, ST40, ST41, GB30, GB31, GB34, LIV03, SP06 및 압통점($T1{\sim}T4\;and\;T9{\sim}L1$) 이었다. 그 결과, 1차 치료 시 환축은 기립이 불가능하였으며, 사지를 움직이지 못하였다. 그러나 7차, 14차 및 21차 치료 시 점차적인 임상증상의 개선이 관찰되었다. 비록 한방수의학적 방법으로 임상 증상이 완치된 것은 아니지만, 21차 치료 후 임상증상이 일부 호전된 증례이었다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.145-163
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• 2009

Background : Stroke occurrences are prevalent and require intensive care for its treatment and rehabilitation. Acupuncture has been widely used in Korea throughout the history and provides an efficient method in the treatment of it. Objectives : To establish a distinctive and efficient acupuncture method for the treatment of stroke based in literature research. Method : We reviewed four Korean medical literature, $ll$治腫指南Guide to Swollen Sore Treatment$gg$, $ll$東醫寶鑑Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine$gg$, $ll$鍼灸經驗方Experiential Prescriptions of Acupuncture and Moxibustion$gg$, and $ll$舍岩鍼法Essential Rhymes on Acupuncture and Moxibustion by Master Sa-am$gg$, and analyzed the therapeutic characteristics in the treatment of stroke. Result : 1. In $ll$治腫指南Guide to Swollen Sore Treatment$gg$, various types of treatment can be found. Besides acupuncture, cupping, moxibustion with moxa tube, and bath therapy using Duchesneae Indicae Herba and Sal was applied. Needling in sublingual and vocal region, and also points like GB20, GB31, LI15, BL60, GV20, GV20, TE4, GB39, LU5, ST36, GB30 were frequently inserted. 2. In $ll$東醫寶鑑Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine$gg$, moxibustion treatment were in top priority. Points like GV20, LI15, LI11, GB31, ST36, GB39, LI4, GB20 pertinent to Governor, Conception, Gallbladder, Large Intestine, and Stomach meridian were most frequently needled. Selection of adjacent point was widely applied. 3. $ll$鍼灸經驗方Experiential Prescriptions of Acupuncture and Moxibustion$gg$ has some similarity compared to $ll$東醫寶鑑 Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine$gg$ in considering the moxa in top priority. But selected points far from the disease site. Main points were LI4, ST36, GB39, PC5, GV20, LI11, LR3, BL40, HT7. 4. $ll$校勘 舍岩道人鍼法Essential Rhymes on Acupuncture and Moxibustion by Master Sa-am$gg$ having the same content orders with $ll$鍼灸經驗方Experiential Prescriptions of Acupuncture and Moxibustion$gg$, it may had some influence from it. But the differences are also apparent. It emphasized in using mother-supplementing child-draining method, experiential prescriptions and visceral pattern identification. Conclusions : We could find various efficient methods through literature research of medical classics. This will not be limited in stroke alone but also will be applied in other diseases. This study will concurrently result in establishing distinctive therapeutic method characteristic of Korea.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.66-78
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• 2010

Background: Peripheral nerve injuries are a commonly-encountered clinical problem and often result in a chronic pain and severe functional deficits. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of acupuncture on the descending pain and the recovery of the locomotor function that follows sciatic crushed nerve injury in rats. Method: In order to assess the effects of acupuncture on the descending pain and functional recovery, we investigated the walking track analysis, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) expression in the sciatic nerve, and on the expressions of c-Fos and nitric oxide synthase in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus and in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) region resulting from sciatic crushed nerve injury in rats. Results: Acupuncture treatment at Huantiao (GB30), Yanglingquan (GB34), and Weizhong (BL40) facilitated functional recovery. C-Fos and nitric oxide synthase expressions in the brain and BDNF and TrkB expressions in the sciatic nerve were decreased by acupuncture treatment. The most potent effects of acupuncture were observed at the GB30 acupoint. Conclusion: It is possible that acupuncture can be used for pain control and functional recovery from sciatic nerve injury.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.749-754
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• 2009

The design and performance of an InGaAs/InP transimpedance amplifier and post amplifier for 40 Gb/s receiver applications are presented. We fabricated the 40 Gb/s transimpedance amplifier and post amplifier using InGaAs/InP heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) technology. The developed InGaAs/InP HBTs show a cut-off frequency ($f_T$) of 129 GHz and a maximum oscillation frequency ($f_{max}$) of 175 GHz. The developed transimpedance amplifier provides a bandwidth of 33.5 GHz and a gain of 40.1 $dB{\Omega}$. A 40 Gb/s data clean eye with 146 mV amplitude of the transimpedance amplifier module is achieved. The fabricated post amplifier demonstrates a very wide bandwidth of 36 GHz and a gain of 20.2 dB. The post-amplifier module was fabricated using a Teflon PCB substrate and shows a good eye opening and an output voltage swing above 520 mV.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.267-276
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• 2015

최근, 초음파검사로 인해 악성잠재력을 지닌 담낭용종의 발견률이 높아지고 있다. 담낭용종의 위험인자에 대한 다양한 연구가 보고 되었지만 혈청 생화학, 생활습관을 포함한 대사증후군과 담낭용종과의 관계에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구의 목적은 한국에서의 생활습관, 생화학적 혈액검사를 포함한 대사성증후군과 담낭용종인 자간의 상관관계를 알아보는데 있다. 2012년11월2일부터 2014년1월31일까지 경기도내 2차병원을 방문한 151명 남성과 167명 여성을 대상으로 검사를 실행하였다. 이들은 무작위로 차출되었고, 담낭용종 유무에 따른 다양한 변수를 비교하였으며, 수집된 데이터는 Windows 프로그램 SPSS version 20.0을 사용하여 분석하였다. 평균 담낭용종의 크기는 직경이 3.92mm이고 용종의 크기는 직경이 10mm 이하였다. 담낭용종이 발견된 사람은 총184명(57.9%), 그 중 대사성증후군 발견된 사람은 114명(26.4%)으로, 대사성증후군을 가진 사람들에게서 담낭용종의 발생률이 높아짐을 알 수 있었다. 담낭용종에 대한 위험요소에서 체중 1.061배, BMI에서 1.186배, 수축기혈압에서 1.060배, 이완기혈압에서 1.030배, 총콜레스테롤에서 1.009배, 대사성증후군에서 2.736배, 당뇨에서 1.011배, 적혈구침강속도ESR에서 1.064배 높음을 알 수 있었다. 담낭용종의 위험인자는 체중, BMI, 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 당뇨, 수축기혈압, 이완기혈압, 적혈구침강속도ESR, 그리고 대사성증후군임을 알 수 있었다. 이 연구는 담낭용종에 대한 연구의 중요한 연구 자료로 사용되고, 차후에 좀 더 대규모의 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제28A권5호
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• pp.370-374
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• 1991

A high performance fully ion-implanted InP JFET was characterized for high speed switching elements. The switch has an insertion loss of 5.5dB with 31.6dB isolation at 1GHz. This device can effectively swithc a byte-multiplexed 2Gb/s signal and an eye-diagram taken at 2Gb/s shows an error-free eye pattern. Therefore, this device can be used as a switching element for high transmission data rate for monolithic integration of optoelectronic circuit in the long-wavelength region.